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In the 4th generation planes for the determination of ballistic elements of unmanageable aviation missiles, analytical formulas and two-parameter Ventzel tables are used. The development of the computing technique allows the use of a single ballistic model for all types of unmanageable weapons with which to calculate the ballistic elements.
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For metallurgical enterprises, it is important to understand the limits of the most probable values of prices and geographical area for procurement of ferrous scrap in the regions. In order to define the maximal scrap prices in the regions, the authors have developed a mathematical model of “auction purchases”. This model equally assesses price competition between scrap consumers. When setting the price, we consider the territorial imbalances between scrap supply and demand in the regions; costs for scrap transportation from supplier to consumer; price level for scrap in the “windows for exports”. We calculate the lowest price according to the “export parity”. The results of the calculations allow evaluating a range of regional prices and interregional flows of scrap. This approach is unnown in the published works of Russian and foreign researchers. For calculations, we have developed a special software. The following initial data were used: data on railroad transportation of ferrous scrap in the Russian Federation provided by JSC Russian Railways; handbooks of railway tariffs 10–01 between railway stations of the Russian Federation; statistical data on prices of 3A metal scrap in the “windows for exports”. The article presents the formal structure of the model of “auction procurement”, the algorithm of its implementation and the results of calculations. The price level calculated according to the model of “auction procurement” can be used in management practice as potentially highest level of price, which can be reached in the conditions of competition between consumers of scrap in a situation when the negotiations are impossible. The proposed mathematical model allows a metallurgical enterprise to prove and implement a differentiated approach to the formation of regional prices of scrap, and to define regions for scrap purchasing.
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The subject of the paper is an exact analysis of the orientation of the Serbian monastery churches: the Church of the Virgin Mary (13th century), St. Nicholas' Church (13th century), and an early Christian church (6th century). The paper determines the azimuth of parallel axes in churches, and then the aberrations of those axes from the equinoctial east are interpreted. Under assumption that the axes were directed towards the rising sun, it was surmised that the early Christian church's patron saint could be St. John the Baptist, that the Church of the Virgin Mary was founded on Annunciation day to which it is dedicated, and that St. Nicholas' Church is oriented in accordance with the rule (‘toward the sunrise’) even though its axis deviates from the equinoctial east by 41° degrees.
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The present paper focuses on the different embodiments of ancient Greek seating furniture pieces: chairs, stools, armchairs, thrones, during the ages. Different periods are considered, such as Ancient Greece etc., till today, where transformations and interpretations of the basic type occurred. By means of comparative analysis, accents are determined in their time and territorial reincarnations, such as silhouette, structure, ergonomics, and decorations. The impact of social, cultural and economic development of societies on the manner of interpretation is considered; evolution is followed as well as ancient archetypal features.
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The article is devoted M. V. Belov’s book «Discovery of the “Slavonic brothers”: Russian travelers in the Balkans in the first half of the XIX century» (St. Petersburg, Nestor-History, 2018). The reviewer notes that in addition to the publication of a representative body of sources, the book includes an analytical article, which sets out the author’s concept of the formation of ideas about the Slavic “brotherhood” in Russian travels in the Balkans. The author of the book convincingly shows the complex nature of this process, discovering that the image of the Balkan Slavs in the studied texts depends on a number of factors. Along with the advantages of the book (deep contextualization of the studied ideas, their consideration in the Balkan as well as in the Russian perspective, attention to the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study etc.), the reviewer also points to some of its shortcomings (non-obvious principle of selection of texts for publication, short description of the texts). According to the reviewer’s observation, the author’s endeavour to combine different theoretical approaches generates an interesting and contradictory effect: the drift of the research focus between the observer’s own views and the reality described by him.
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Place: Irkutsk Date: June 27-28, 2013
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The authors focus on the issues of scientific migration. This trend is relevant from both an academic perspective — studying the individual’s economic behaviour, as well as practical one, because competition for talent has a significant impact on innovation policy initiatives around the world. Most Russian and foreign researchers are unanimous about the main complication for these studies: the lack of reliable information about scientific researchers’ migration. To search for these data, we have developed a methodology implemented in software based on the big data technology. This software allows to analyse data sets from leading scientific citation bases. The information on scientific migration resulted from the analysis of changes in affiliation. We have collected the data on the scientific migration of researchers employed by the Ural Federal University from the Scopus database. The verification of the obtained data showed their high reliability. Most researchers move to Western European countries and the United States (up to 72 %). The main areas of emigrating researchers’ scientific interests are natural and technical sciences. The optimal approach to minimizing the negative impact of scientific migration on Russia’s scientific and technological security is the practical application of the theory of brain sharing. According to this theory, a large scientific diaspora abroad is an essential resource for the development of science and innovation.
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Interethnic Relationships and Migration Process at the Regional Level: Problems and Main Trends of Development
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In this paper the author describes the relationship between the methodological possibilities andlimitations of mental maps and the size of urban communities where the method isused. To illustrate the findings, the author compares three Russian cities: Moscow, Kimry, and Myshkin. From this analysis the author concludes that generalized elements of cities’ mental images must be supplemented with their exogenous descriptions (out descriptions, brand images) that allow to delineate territorial boundaries and a semantic form of imaginary city.
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HOLSAT instrument measures tourist satisfaction by comparing tourists' expectations and experience regarding various destination attributes. Destination image influences tourists' expectations, while experience in the destination modifies tourists' image perceptions, creating differences between pre-visit and post-visit images. Based on these relationships, which are theoretically explored in its first part, this study argues that HOLSAT may be used for destination image research. The second part of the study represents a demonstration of how HOLSAT may be used for measurement of both tourist satisfaction and destination image, whereby the research was conducted in Belgrade, a developing urban destination. The city's tourism industry and destination image were severely damaged in the 1990s, whereby they have started to slowly recover since 2000. Based on the results of the conducted survey, satisfactory and unsatisfactory destination attributes were identified, as well as positive and negative components of city's pre-visit destination image. The most important positive components are related to the destination's affordability, while the negative components are related to safety, cleanliness and the arrival station. Modifications of destination image caused by the visit were also identified. The biggest image improvement after the visit was registered in attributes related to safety and the friendliness of the local residents, while the negative modifications related to the public transport were identified as the most important ones.
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area, Provadia, boundaries, name, SurtFrom an ethnographic point of view, Bulgaria is divided into areas that do not always coincide with a specific geographical and administrative territory. Areas of interest are the ones which to this day are not identified due to the fact that they are at a crossroads or are as they are called transitional, but exist in historical chronicles under the name which suggests accurate parameters - geography, past, livelihood, ritual, music and dance heritage, etc. The present text presents an old area in Provadia called Surt.
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The analysis of archived meteorological data from Ukraine ascertained that some clear anomalies have been occurring. The analysis of existing anomalies has led to the conclusion that they have different origins. It is assumed that some of them are the result of the conditions of measurement i.e. subjective data readings being conducted by the observer, particularly with reference to manual measurements, or from errors in the automatic measuring instruments scaling. The changing conditions near the meteorological cage can also be the reasons for the occurrence of anomalies in the data. Buildings near the cage area, shrubs and trees can directly affect the results of conducted measurements.
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Methods and algorithms for aerial and radar image processing, that facilitating analysis of information are considered in this monograph and they have been successfully applied in solving problems in radiophysics, optics and radiolocation. The monograph consists of three parts. In the first part, the features of the human visual perception and the digital image formation are discussed. In the second part, different mathematical models and algorithms for image transformation and restoration, which could be applied to photo and radar images, are considered. In the third part, effectiveness of considered methods is shown and the study results of application of different methods and algorithms are illustrated by many examples.
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Moscow region in the 1990's. entered a new stage of demographic development, which is characterized by a change in the trend of population growth in its stabilization and decline related to the narrowed type of reproduction and aging of the population. Specificity of the demographic development of this period both in the region and in Russia as a whole is also related to a number of factors that "outraged" the normal course of the processes of fertility, mortality and migration and led the country to a demographic crisis. In this paper, the factors of demographic processes, population migration, demographic forecasts, scenarios of the demographic development of the Moscow region and prognostic hypotheses for municipal formations are considered. Then the forecasts of the number and sex-age composition of the population of the Moscow region and the likelihood of changes in the distribution of the population of this region.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the most appropriate method to estimate the society losses from premature mortality. The authors compared the variants of the quantitative assessment of the economic losses caused by the mortality of the workingage population. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that the researchers face the problem of choosing indicators for the analysis of various social and demographic groups of population, external factors and aims of calculation that can result in radically different results. On the grounds of domestic and foreign publications, the authors have analyzed preferable methodological tools to assess the economic losses and have defined the crucial factors affecting the estimated parameters. Using the example of the Sverdlovsk region and Ekaterinburg, we have evaluated the dynamics of the level and structure of working-age population mortality and estimated the economic losses from the mortality of working-age population for 2015 and 2016. The research uses two different methods to calculate the economic losses from the premature mortality of the working-age population. It has allowed to receive different evaluations of working people losses and to discuss the modification of socio-economic damage from the premature mortality taking into account regional characteristics. Thereby, we have defined gender and territorial differences of economic losses. Thus, the methodological tools allow estimating the economic losses of society caused by the premature mortality of working population both on the regional and municipal levels depending on the research purpose. The obtained results may be used to develop preventive measures for reducing mortality of the working population, increasing life expectancy and formulating the regional social policy.
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The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the potential of the electric structure of Russian regions. The authors introduce the category of the “potential of electric infrastructure” understood as the integrated indicator characterizing the regional power infrastructure. The authors assess the potential of electric infrastructure on the basis of the proposed methodology and the developed indicators: “the ratio of electricity tariff”, “coefficient of technological connection”, “integral coefficient of electric infrastructure potential.” The article presents the results of testing the developed method on the example of the analysis and evaluation of the characteristics of electric power infrastructure of Russian regions. The result of testing was the construction of a rating of regions by the level of electric infrastructure potential. On the basis of the calculated parameters of electric infrastructure potential, we developed a map and a matrix of indicators of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions. This allowed to classify Russian regions to several groups. The practical value of the map and matrix of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions is the possibility to conduct the comparative assessment of the characteristics of the electric infrastructure of the territorial units and enables more informed management and decision-making concerning the choice of the most effective industrial investment. In addition, based on the developed indicators of electric infrastructure potential, the authors propose the improvement of the existing methods for the evaluation of investment potential of Russian regions. Previous research on the investment potential of regions does not take in account the characteristics of the potential of elecrtic infrastructure. The obtained results are of a theoretical and practical importance and can be used for the energy efficiency management of territorial units as well as for the analysis of the potential of electric infrastructure of possible industrial investments with the aim of increasing it.
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The strategic tasks of energy companies are impossible to achieve without reducing the risks of companies’ development because it is an element of increasing the companies’ competitiveness. The article is devoted to the evaluation of the competitiveness of Ural energy companies. For further deterministic evaluation, the author introduces the interpretation of competitiveness as the sum of development risks of an energy company. The article presents a comprehensive assessment of the competitiveness of an energy company on the basis of the proposed methodological approach. This approach includes the assessment and ranking of energy company’s risks, the comparative analysis of real and threshold values of the overall risk of investment project implemented by a company. I tested the method of scenario analysis. The main criterion of this method is the consumers demand on energy resources. I applied the theory of economic capital as an auxiliary instrument. Risks’ rating construction is one of the most significant results of the method’s approbation. On the basis of the calculated indicators of the overall risk, I have developed a map of competitiveness. This map allows assessing the twelve cases of company’s competitiveness depending on different development scenarios and types of economic capital. The practical value of this map lies in the possibility to conduct a comparative assessment of overall risk. Furthermore, I have calculated the monetary equivalent of overall risk in each of twelve competitiveness states. The comparative assessment along with the monetary equivalent of overall risk allow making reasonable administrative decisions on the development of the most effective programs of risk management. The obtained results have theoretical and practical importance and can be used firstly in the development of a methodology for assessing competition in the national and global energy markets. Secondly, these results can be useful for the development and improvement the effectiveness of risk management in energy companies. Further research can focus on developing a specific approach for the assessment of the actual economic capital of an energy company, specifying an indicator of economic losses in a case of default, etc.
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Increasing the budgetary potential is an important factor for the socio-economic development of a region. The level of the regional budget capacity influences the budget services delivery to the population, which makes the research topic relevant. The methodology of the assessment of the budgetary situation in regions is the scope of the study. The subject-matter of the research is the socio-economic relations arising from the use of the budget capacity of a region. The hypothesis of the research is that the regional budget’s situation reflects the use of the budget capacity of a territory in the current conditions. We consider the various definitions of «budgetary potential» category. We propose our own interpretation of the budgetary potential as a set of financial resources of a territory, which, under the optimal conditions, can be used for the realization of budget functions to achieve strategic and tactical targets for the development of a region. Our methodology allows to estimate the regional budget’s situation on the basis of the indicative analysis. Further, we subsequently determine the degree to which the budgetary potential of a territory is used. We have classified the selected indicators into five groups. These groups of indicator estimate the certain area influencing the regional budget’s situation. For each indicator, we have set thresholds according to the standard values or average values for Russia. The calculations for each group of indicators have allowed to define the budgetary situation of regions. On the basis of these cluster evaluations, we propose to classify territories by the degree of using the budgetary potential. Under this method, we have analyzed of the state of the budgets of the Ural region. The received integrated estimates have allowed to rate all the territories and determine the degree of using the budgetary potential. We have concluded that in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, there is an optimal budgetary situation and, as a result, a high degree of using the budgetary potential. The received results can be applied by the authorities when developing and implementing the programs for the socio-economic development of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. They can be also applied for both the assessment of budgetary situation and the diagnostics of the quality of the regional financial management.
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The article presents the results of the research of the methodological and information infrastructure of the integrated riskmanagement in a regional commercial bank. Within the study of the general development tendencies of the regional bankingservices market, the most significant risks for a regional bank are revealed. The analysis is carried out on the basis of thestress testing technique developed at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. It is based on a technique of dynamiceconomic and mathematical modeling with the application of information technologies. The created combination of themethodological and instrumental tools allows to carry out the dynamic scenario analysis of the activity of a commercial bankfor the identification of potential risks and for the development of the strategy of financial management reducing the potential risks and leveling the consequences of their realization. The received tool allows during the computer test to watch the predicteddynamics of the condition of the key indicators of the activity of a regional commercial bank changing under the influence of theexogenous regulatory measures and instruments of bank management applied to decrease risk and at the same time to introduceadjustments in the perspective strategy of management. As the result of the analysis, the universal management model of themain bank risks in a regional commercial bank within three alternative scenarios is created. The software product allowing todevelop and acquire the practical skills of the students in banking is developed. It also may help to develop the methodologicalsupport for the regulation of the organizational procedures of risk management in a regional commercial bank. The receivedsoftware product may be used in a system of the improving the professional skills, and also for obtaining the expected data in arisk management system in a regional commercial bank
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To formalise the assessment of risks to the welfare of individuals and the territory of residence presents a relevant issue. This study aims to define the economic security in the structure of the system of the welfare of individuals and the territory of residence and to develop a classifier of risks. We consider the economic security as one of the needs for meeting which the welfare aims. The risk assessment includes three stages. At the first stage, we calculate the welfare of individuals and the territory. At the second stage, the authors determine the coefficient of variation to select indicators that will characterize the risks to the welfare. The third stage assumes the assessment of these risks, which reduce the welfare. The regional economic system is considered as a multidimensional stochastic system, which can be modelled as a vector random variable. The components of this variable generally are mutually correlated. The formalization of the assessment of risks to the welfare is based on this interpretation of the regional economic system. As a result, the authors highlighted the main threats to the welfare of individuals and the territory of residence. We have selected risk factors with high coefficient of variation, which indicates that the selected indicators have a high degree of variability. The research evaluates risks to the welfare of individuals and the territory of residence assessing the probability of the occurrence of crisis states for the regions of the Ural Federal District. The probabilities of the states pre-crisis 1 and pre-crisis 2 for all these regions are sufficiently high. It can indicate that the general social and economic state in the regions of the Ural Federal District is unstable. The findings can be used to develop an effective risk management system at the regional level.
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