Šah parlamentu: uloga predsjednika u srednjoevropskim i istočnoevropskim tranzicijama

Author(s): Friedbert W. Rüb / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1993

The majority of central and eastern European countries, such as Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, adopted mixed governmental systems, better known as semi-presidential, in their transitions to democracy. The author analyzes the attributes of semipresidential systems from the basis of Western European experience, first and foremost those of the German Weimar and the French Fifth Republic. Semi-presidential systems are unstable because they allow too many diverging political games, may create a dangerous political climate in situations of cohabitation, they tend to increase presidential powers over those which are granted by the Constitution, and in times of political crises don’t allow for compromise of political powers. The author concludes that semi-presidential systems are not suitable for consolidating democracy.

ŠAMORÍN

Author(s): Miriam Hlavačková / Language(s): Slovak,English / Publication Year: 0

Şehir Otellerinde Satın Alma İşlevi: Eskişehir’deki Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Medet Yolal,Nezihe Figen Ersoy / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 4/2016

Apart from their qualities, businesses need a purchasing capability (competency) in order to operate and sustain their existence. This is valid for all sectors and under all conditions. While purchasing was evaluated on the basis of total costs of purchased products in the past, lately impacts of purchasing on customer satisfaction and perceived value has been an important topic of concern, and this fact denotes the changing facets of discussions on the importance of purchasing. Starting from this perception, the current study aims at examining functions of purchasing in urban hotels as an important component of service industries. In this regard, a descriptive research has been conducted. In-depth interviews were used to collect data, and they were analyzed by the content analysis. Study findings revealed that there were five themes that cover purchasing hotels. These themes were: existence of purchasing department, perceived importance, customer satisfaction, decision process and buying center. Study results suggest that the structure of purchasing function highly dependent on the characteristics of the hotels. The findings were discussed in the conclusion section and implications were drawn.

ŞILEA VILLAGE, A POSSIBLE FUTURE TOURISM VILLAGE

Author(s): MIHAELA BUDIU / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2018

This paper is the structure of a comprehensive study of the natural conditions in the village of Şilea for the elaboration of a project for the development of the area. We have just mentioned a few features related to the geographical location of the area and the main natural features that constitute the main tourist potential of the village area

Šiuolaikinės pojūčių tyrinėjimo ir praktikos tendencijos

Author(s): Lineta Žilinskaitė,Asta Lapėnienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: -/2015

In the article idea of “sensory return to fashion“ is discussed and actualized in the context of education. In the first part is given short overview of sensory use in mass culture. Then main scientific tendencies and principles of “sensory turn“ are presented and the importance of social-cultural aspect of senses in daily experience, learning and researching is highlighted. Interdisciplinarity of “sensory turn“ and the application of this approach in developing learning programs is also discussed in this article. In the secondpart contemporary scientific approach to sensory studies is linked to the research that was carried out during the qualification program for teachers at Vytautas Magnus University and main findings are presented.

Ślady kultury materialnej i duchowej Tybetańczyków na obszarach współczesnych prowincji Syczuan i Qinghai

Author(s): Elżbieta Papińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 03/2014

W artykule przedstawiono przykłady pozostałości kultury materialnej i duchowej Tybetańczyków w prowincjach Syczuan i Qinghai, znajdujących się współcześnie poza granicami Tybetańskiego Regionu Autonomicznego. Przedstawiono wieś tybetańską Jiaju z rejonu Danba i obiekty kultury sakralnej. Jednym z nich jest klasztor Kumbum (Ta’er Si), odgrywający znaczącą rolę w buddyzmie tybetańskim. Obiekty te ocalały pomimo ogromnych zniszczeń, jakich dokonano podczas rewolucji kulturalnej, i dowodzą ciągłości osadniczej Tybetańczyków na tych ziemiach. Zwrócono także uwagę na pielęgnowanie tradycji ludowych (śpiewu, tańca, strojów), które są bardzo istotne w zachowaniu tożsamości narodowej. The paper presents examples of residual material and spiritual culture of the Tibetan people, surviving in the areas that are today outside the Tibet Autonomous Region, in areas of Sichuan province and Qinghai. These are examples of Tibetan villages, for example Jiaju of Danba area and the area of Jiuzhaigou. The monastery of Kumbum (Ta'er Si), which plays a significant role in Tibetan Buddhism, is shown as example of cultural sacred sites. These objects survived in spite of the enormous devastations which were made during the Cultural Revolution and demonstrate the continuity of the Tibetan settlement in these lands. It also highlighted the preservation of traditions of folk (singing, dancing, costumes), which are very important in maintaining national identity.

ŚREDNIOWIECZNY KULT ŚW. STANISŁAWA POZA GRANICAMI POLSKI (ZE SZCZEGÓLNYM UWZGLĘDNIENIEM EUROPY ŚRODKOWEJ)

Author(s): Stanislava Kuzmová / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

The cult of St. Stanislaus, Bishop of Krakow, had spread to some extent beyond Poland already in the Middle Ages. The article investigates the contexts in which the devotion to the newly canonized saint, who was gradually established as the patron saint of the Kingdom, appeared, especially in the neighbouring countries and in some isolated places further abroad, first in the period around the canonization in 1253, when the new saint and his relics stirred interest in the close regions, and also among rulers, who used its symbolic meaning. Various representations of the cult abroad – in liturgy, church dedications, preaching and hagiographic texts in circulation – are mapped and examined. The cult spread mainly through personal contacts and exchange, although it functioned mostly in limited space and time.

Środki strukturalne z Unii Europejskiej szansą na rozwój miasta Łowicza

Author(s): Małgorzata Denis,Anna Majewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Łowicz is a town in central Poland, situated in the Łódź province with a very rich history, culture and tradition. The history of the city reached to year 1136 (the first information appeared in the Papal Bull); it was the economic, spiritual and scientific center at that time – there was a primate court. Łowicz is the capital of the Łowicka Earth inhabited by people traditionally called “Księżaki”. In the period of political transformation many economical, spatial and social changes had occurred: liquidation of large workplaces which resulted in degradation of the industrial areas, spatial and functional issues with railway areas situated in the city center, which have become a barrier to its development, social exclusion of people living in the historical buildings and reduction of inhabitants (year 1998 – 31,750 inhabitants, year 2011 – 29,606 inhabitants). There are major challenges which are standing before the city authorities: en-couraging young people to stay in the city and entrepreneurs to invest, redevelopment of brownfields, increasing the city competitiveness, improving a life quality of inhabitants, reducing social differences.

Śródmieścia miast małych jako lokalne węzły struktury w regionach metropolitalnych

Author(s): Daniel Ogrodnik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

This article presents reflections on the role of centres of small towns as localstructural nodes in the polycentric space of the metropolitan region. After explaining thetheoretical assumptions of the research approach to this issue, the author described theproblematic situation of the central part of Skawina near Cracow and outlined proposalsconcerning municipal projects to be financed by the European Union.

ŚRODOWISKOWE UWARUNKOWANIA JAKOŚCI ŻYCIA W POWIATACH WOJEWÓDZTWA ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIEGO

Author(s): Barbara Kryk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 40/2/2015

Since time important factor of living quality are the environmental determinants. In order to accomplish the aim of the paper, the author refers to the results of research on objective living quality conducted in counties located in West Pomeranian voivodeship and point out to strong and weakness for environmental determinants. Furthermore, the author discusses factors that have contributed to such results using desk research and taxonomic analysis.

Šta potiče regionalnu ekonomsku integraciju

pouke iz razvoja razvojnih Koridora

Author(s): Ivana Domljan,Vjekoslav Domljan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2016

Regional integration is one of the very important issues for the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Narrowing of spatial development initiatives to the transport dimension alone not only fails to contribute to regional development, but blurs it. If this is the mode of action, it brings into question the viability of the transport corridor itself.This article seeks to highlight the importance of transformation of the transport corridor Vc into a development corridor. Emphasis is particularly placed on the question whether there can be sufficient movement of goods and services for the Corridor Vc to be considered a potential development corridor. Following such approach, Sarajevo and Budapest can initiate cooperation in terms of development of the transport corridor (road and rail) into a logistics corridor, then trade, economic and finally development corridor.

ŞTEFAN MANCIULEA, PREOCUPĂRI DE GEOPOLITICĂ ŞI DEMOGRAFIE LA GRANIŢA DE VEST A ŢĂRII

Author(s): CORNEL RESIGA,Nicolae Veres / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 04/2004

STEFAN MANCIULEA, GEOPOLITICS AND DEMOGRAPHY STUDY CONCERNING THE WEST BOUNDARY OF THE COUNTRY

ŞTIINŢA CA SUPORT AL DEZVOLTĂRII DURABILE

Author(s): Gabriel Croitoru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 05/2005

Dezvoltarea durabilă este forma de creştere economică ce satisface nevoile societăţii în termeni de bunăstare pe termen scurt, mediu şi lung. Ea se fundamentează pe considerentul că dezvoltarea trebuie să vină în întâmpinarea nevoilor prezente fără să pună în pericol pe cele ale generaţiilor viitoare.

Švietimo (geo)politika kaip sankirtos erdvėje vieta, arba švietimo geo(filo)sofijos link

Author(s): Zigmas Kairaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: -/2018

The article discusses educational policy. However, the policy in general and educational policy specifically are viewed through the lens of geographical space and time as well as the philosophy of becoming. The aim is to answer the question which value-based and norm-based substances, structures of power and strain, processes of becoming and transition form (condition) the educational space in Lithuania? In this context, the instruments of educational management acquire the dimension of educational geopolitics.In terms of space, each policy is geopolitics, whereas geopolitics – policy (policy of ideas, strategies and practices) realised in a specific geographical space and location.Regardless of the way of approach to education – as a composite part of culture, economics,politics or as a separate field of public activity – it is always influenced, structured,constructed by the same geographical factors, i.e. place, space and environment. By implementing the educational policy (various strategies and practices), public.authorities(entities) construct spatial educational geopolitical identity. The subjects of space, place,geographical scales (from global to local) in relation to and interaction with geopolitical, sociocultural phenomena form the geopolitical and geophilosophical space of education in Lithuania. Geosophy and geophilosophy express mental, spiritual, value-basedand cognitive approach of a person and relation to geographical environment, space,its objects, reflect our individual associations with geography and philosophy. As it is claimed in the summary of the research, educational (geo)politics that is based on diverse authentic relations, explication of meanings, excitation of imagination in relation to /interaction with geographical environment creates an essential, sustainable, self-identical space of educational geo(philo)sophy.

Švietimo lyderiai ir inovatyvūs mokymo metodai

Author(s): Paulina Ucieklak-Jeż / Language(s): English / Issue: -/2017

The objective of this article is an assessment of the influence of an educational leader on introducing innovations to school. Following presentation of the issues concerning educational leadership, knowledge management, innovative form of managing a pupil’s potential called tutoring, sample studies verifying occurrence of the problem in school environment, the authoress put forward the following hypothesis: An educational leader,who is not of changes and innovations plays the most important role in implementing innovative methods of teaching.The conducted research made it possible to collect the research material, analyse and present results, which will provide a kind of answer to the questions concerning the role of a school headmaster and teachers in implementation of innovative methods of teaching – school tutoring.

Światowy wirus terroryzmu

Author(s): Sebastian Wojciechowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 23/2017

Although the data collected by Esri Story Maps team and PeaceTech Labdemonstrates that 2017 saw a decline in the number of terrorist attacks around theworld, and ISIS in Syria and Iraq was nearly destroyed, this does not mean that theterrorist threat has expired. This threat can be compared to a virus which continuesto be dangerous and keeps attacking, using different methods in different parts of theworld. In this context, several important research questions should be asked about thescale and characteristics of modern terrorism on the one hand, and on the other, onits future, for example, its further evolution and escalation, its forms, or the potentialtactics and strategies that may be used by terrorists. Some experts anticipate thatfurther serious evolution and escalation of terrorist attacks should be expected inthe future. This evolution will be marked not only by an increase in the number ofattacks, but above all by even greater diversification of terrorist forms and methods,including the use of, for example, drones, cyberterrorism or chemical, biological orradiological agents. Another manifestation of this evolution will be the escalation ofattacks on Islamist, as well as extreme right, leftist, separatist and other grounds. Thisfollows from the connection of terrorism with many different phenomena, such asthe influx of migrants. In this context, it is necessary to take into account the use ofterrorism by extremist groups (e.g. right-wing or left-wing) opposing or supporting,for various reasons, the influx of immigrants/refugees and its consequences. In orderto present the scale and characteristics of modern terrorism, and to show potentialnew trends, the author analyzes three important reports on the terrorist threatpublished in 2017 by the US Department of State, the National Consortium for theStudy of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) University of Marylandand Europol.

ŚWIĘCI I POSTACIE BIBLIJNE W HERBACH MIAST W WOJEWÓDZTWIE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIM

Author(s): Maria Piechocka-Kłos / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2017

Fourteen cities of the forty-nine evoke currently the saints, biblical figures or symbols and attributes associated with them in their coats of arms in the province of Warmia and Masuria. The image of Our Lady appears on the shield of cities: Iława, Frombork and Pasym. John the Baptist is the patron of Pisz. The apostles find also their place in urban coats of Warmia and Masuria: St. Jacob (Olsztyn), St. Peter and Paul (Olsztynek, Pieniężno) and St. Jan (Zalewo, Kisielice). There are not only biblical figures, but also persons of saints in the coats of the cities, ie. St. Catherine in Działdowo, St. Rozalia in Susz and St. George is identified with the city of Ostróda.

Święta i wulkan

Author(s): Piotr Przybyła / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Źródła informacji o nazwach miejscowych na przykładzie obszarów leśnych

Author(s): Tomasz Olenderek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2012

Forests play a key role in the rural area landscape. One of the types of information which determines their social function are local names (geographical names, toponyms). The research was focused on forest toponyms – the names of forest areas and objects related to forest management. The aim was to choose several sets of spatial data (topographic maps, tourist maps, forest maps and the State Register of Geographical Names) and then to compare them in terms of the number of forest toponyms they contain. The study area covers three forest districts (Daleszyce, Write, Tuchola) located in different parts of Poland. In total, more than 120 toponyms were found, which were divided into 8 categories. It was found that the compared sets of data are diverse both in terms of the number and categories of presented forest toponyms. Generally, good tourist maps, despite their smaller scale, include a slightly larger number of such names than modern topographical maps.

ŹRÓDŁA SEPARATYZMU W UKRAIŃSKIM DONBASIE

Author(s): Marcin Skalski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 22/2017

The article concerns the process of raising the social structure in Donbas, creating itsspecificity against the background of the other parts of Ukrainian state. Processes ofindustrialization were especially mentioned, as well as the development of miners’culture and the attitude to Russian language, which were the key factors influencing thedistinctiveness of the region. In the moments of political crises this distinctiveness isexpressed in the form of authentic separatist tendencies and demands of independencefrom the side of Ukrainian Donbas' inhabitants.