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CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING SOME APPROACHES TO TERRORISM IN THE EUROPEAN AREA

Author(s): Adrian Butnariu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02 Supp/2019

THE ARTICLE ADDRESSES THE TERRORIST PHENOMENON AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL, HIGHLIGHTING THE DANGER OF ITS MANIFESTATION IN A GEOGRAPHICAL AREA WITH PARTICULAR SPECIFICITIES REGARDING THE SOURCES, ONE ENDOGENOUS TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE IN QUESTION (TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS THAT EMERGED AND ACTIVATED/ACTIVATE ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONTINENT), AND THE OTHER EXOGENOUS ONE, WHICH IS CURRENTLY ONE OF THE MAIN THREATS TO THE SECURITY OF THE CITIZENS OF THE EUROPEAN STATES. STARTING FROM THE NEED TO CONCEPTUALIZE THE TERM TERRORISM, THE AUTHOR PRESENTS THE STEPS TAKEN AT EUROPEAN LEVEL, INDEPENDENTLY BUT COMPLEMENTARILY, BY THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY - WITHIN THE DEBATES IN THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RESEARCH FORUMS AND BY THE DECISION-MAKERS REPRESENTING THE EUROPEAN STATESAND BY REPRESENTATIVES OF SECURITY, DEFENCE AND JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL FROM THIS AREA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEFINING AND LEGALY CLASSIFYING THECRIMINAL OFFENSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TERRORIST PHENOMENON. THE ACADEMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH AIMS FOR A CONSENSUSIF POSSIBLE, ON THE ISSUES IN QUESTION, IN ORDER TO FACILITATE CONVERGENT ACTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY TO PREVENT AND COUNTER TERRORIST ACTS AND, WHY NOT, TO SANCTION THEM.

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ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTION OF MIGRANT CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW

Author(s): Irina Moroianu Zlătescu / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

The present study is based on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in terms of immigration in recent years in Europe. There are analyzed some aspects of migration regulations and their implementation in cases of underage migrants in the European Union.

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LEGAL PROTECTION OF REFUGEES IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

Author(s): Petru-Emanuel Zlătescu / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

This study aims to highlight the provisions of The Geneva Convention on the Refugee Status, which is determinant for defining the notion of refugee and the right to asylum as a fundamental right of the European Union. The special significance of the Charter in this field is reflected by the fact that it raises the right to asylum at the rank of a norm in EU primary law, since according to Article 6 of the Treaty regarding the European Union, the Charter ”has the same juridical value as that of the treaties”.

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JESUS CHRIST AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Mihai Stoicescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The coronavirus pandemic highlighted both the sacrifice of some to save human lives, but unfortunately also highlighted a cruel reality: selective medical treatment, argued by the fact that the medical staff was overwhelmed by the situation. The crises in Syria or Afghanistan have upset the international community,which has proved unprepared for the wave of refugees. Against the background of terrorism originating in these areas, the prejudices were those that marked some communities, making them unable to react to the need for security of refugees.

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THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON IN THE E.U., REFLECTED BY HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. CASE STUDY ON THE INTERVENTION OF THE PEOPLE’S ADVOCATE THROUGH THE CHILDREN’S ADVOCATE TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF MIGRANT CHILDREN IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Mădălina Botină / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This paper presents the evidence and experience that underpin the legislative initiatives proposed for migration and asylum. It points to the key challenges in relation to migration faced by the European Union. Since the migration crisis of 2015, the number of arrivals and composition of flows have changed significantly, both between and along the different migratory routes. Additionally, there is significant variation of migratory pressure across countries and in terms of the tools applied to address it. Romania is exposed to migration routes in the present and we identified a number of challenges that prevent the EU’s current system from being fit to address the realities of migration, able to ensure international protection for those in need and effective and humane return of irregular migrants, fair in terms of solidarity and sharing of responsibility between Member States as well as ready for use in times of crisis and situations of force majeure. This article provides an overview of the legislative and non-legislative proposals that seek to address the gaps and inefficiencies identified.

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Experimental Program For School Integration Of Re-Migrant Middle School Students With Learning Difficulties In Romanian Language And Literature

Author(s): Rafila-Elisabeta Ilovan / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

In contemporary society, the phenomena of territorial mobility / geographical mobility - migration (internal or external) and return migration / remigration (determined or forced), phenomena determined by various social and economic factors, are significantly accentuated. These complex and sensitive phenomena are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers and are often investigated in a multi- and interdisciplinary manner, with various implications: demographic, sociological, psychological, educational, axiological etc. From an educational perspective, external migration and return migration / family migration can have a major impact on children and various influences, which can be analyzed in formal, non-formal and informal contexts. The study approaches in formal educational contexts, a topic less explored in the literature, although it springs from the current educational reality. The analyzed issue was inspired by the didactic experience, as well as by the common interest of the professional community of teachers and of the scientific community for identifying and removing the difficulties encountered by re-migrant students in the Romanian educational system.

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Vesna Goldsworthy la răscruce de culturi

Author(s): Octavia Nedelcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2019

In this paper we set out to discuss the phenomenon of exile, which is still current and extremely varied from the perspective of identifying one’s belonging to one of the national literatures deriving from Yugoslavia after the nineties. During the history, wars were one of the major causes of exile, encompassing the entire range of typologies: economic, political, cultural, ethnic exile. During the war in the former Yugoslavia of the nineties of the last century, a number of writers decided to leave their country. Among them there were: Alexandar Hemon, Dubravka Ugrešić and David Albahari, all of them being currently recognized and famous authors. However, the paper focuses on the literary profile of the writer Vesna Goldsworthy, who, by marriage, decided to settle in the UK. Being "stuck" between two cultures, she cannot give up either of them as they both are part of her being both in literary and in personal terms.

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Discourses of Exclusion: Xenophobic Language in Serbia during the 2015 Refugee Crisis

Author(s): Srdjan M. Jovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

With the exacerbation of the crisis caused by the expansion of the Islamic State in 2015 and the influx of refugees trying to cross the border of the European union from Serbia, a new wave of xenophobia and passportism has sweeped over Serbia. Even though there is a staunch presence of an antidiscriminatory, human rights based discourse, a strong xenophobic discourse can easily be found in the contemporary media and social networks. This article explores the language of discrimination against the refugees in Serbia in 2015 and the xenophobic discourse that was produced after the arrival of several hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing from the conflicts in the Middle East.

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Ermeni Diasporası ve Ermenistan: Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Dini İlişkiler

Author(s): Özer Özocak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Armenians migrated from the places they lived in different periods of human history for various reasons. In their new living spaces, they organized opening ceremonies, commemorations and meetings for various statues in order to keep the Armenian identity alive and to keep the genocide alive in memory. Diaspora Armenians acted politically together with their other elements on different issues, such as the Karabakh issue. They provided financial support for the development of Armenia, the healing of the wounds caused by the disaster, especially the 1988 earthquake, and the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as Armenia desired. They also established religious relations with Armenia. In this context, our study will focus on the political, economic and religious relations of Diaspora Armenians with Armenia.

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Iran's Inner Conflict Risk Status

Author(s): Mehmet Emin Sönmez,Yunus Emre Saraç / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Throughout history, social events in different parts of the world for different reasons have brought along many changes and transformations. With the emergence of nation states, the internal fragility of the nation states has increased as a result of the drawing of new borders and the coexistence of different social, cultural, religious and economic groups within these borders. One of these countries is Iran. The fact that it has a wide variety of racial, linguistic, sect and economic groups and that it stands out with the Sunni states as the representative of Shiite Theopolitics in the Middle East and its opposition to the USA and Israel increases the risk of internal fragility, both internal and external support of Iran. Today, many different parameters can play a role in the basis of social movements that started largely on an economic basis. In this study, together with Iran's ethnic, linguistic and sectarian diversity, parameters such as the general poverty level of the people and the distribution of oil resources by the provinces were evaluated together with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and a provincial-based possible internal conflict risk map of Iran was created. Considering these maps, some suggestions were made for Iran and Turkey. Because, an Iranian civil war will cause refugees and border security problems for Turkey and the entire Middle East. As a matter of fact, for these reasons, it is extremely important to protect Iran's territorial integrity and internal unity.

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Türkiye-Kazakistan İlişkileri

Author(s): İlker Limon / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Review of: Hasan Acar (Editör), “Türkiye-Kazakistan İlişkileri”, Nobel, Ankara, 2021, ISBN: 9786254399756

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Filistin’de Yaşanan Arap-Yahudi Çatışmaları Özelinde Peel Komisyonu Kararları ve Arapların Türkiye’den Beklentileri (1929-1939)

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Duran / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2021

The myth of the promised land and the emphasis on superior race of the Jews increased their immigration to Palestine. By the 20th century, Zionism became an ideal for the Jews to establish a state rather than an ideology. Leaving the Palestine region to the British Mandate Administration after the First World War increased the Jewish migration to the region. After the British Mandate Administration established in Palestine after the First World War, the population structure in the region began to change with Jewish migration. The continuation of migration to the region brought along Arab-Jewish conflicts. While the Arab-Jewish conflicts between 1920 and 1933 generally remained local, immigration of Jews to Palestine increased remarkably as a result of Britain's attitude towards Jewish immigration and the coming to power of the Nazi administration in Germany in 1933. This migration movement was seen as dangerous by the Arabs and caused the reactions to intensify. In this context, the most severe Arab-Jewish conflict in the region emerged after 1936. This situation pushed Britain to seek a solution. In this context, the British Government established a commission called the Peel Commission (Palestine Royal Commission) to resolve the conflicts in the region. A report was prepared by this commission. With this report, also known as the Partition Report, the partition of Palestine was decided. This decision caused the reaction of the Arabs, rather than the Jews. In this context, this commission's decision was condemned and demonstrations were organised in Iraq and Syria, especially in Palestine. In Turkish archive documents, information was observed that slogans in favour of Turkey were shouted and posters were carried in these demonstrations. In addition, although the Arab communities that sought support at this point saw Turkey as the dominant power in the region and requested assistance from the Turkish Government, Turkey saw the issue as an internal matter of the British mandate administration within the framework of the Lausanne Treaty and remained out of the issue until 1947. In the study, the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In the study, The Arab-Jewish conflicts in Palestine between 1929-1939 and the reaction of Arab and Jewish groups to these conflicts, the Arab calls for help from the Turkish government and its effects, the demonstrations in favor of Turkey in the region, the solution proposals presented by the British Mandate Administration and the results of all these developments was revealed.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market mobility and fiscal-budgetary measures

Author(s): Elena Florentina Matei,Ioana Manuela Mindricanb / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Migration and spatial mobility of people have over time played a key role in the spread of epidemics, as travel from one region to another has facilitated the transmission of diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of the population, but the most affected category of the population remains migrants, as this category represents staff, who are at the forefront of the sanitary crisis COVID-19. This paper aims to identify the impact of the pandemic on labor market mobility and fiscal-budgetary measures taken by European states in this context. The approach of this paper focuses on presenting and detailing the implications of the pandemic from a demographic and economic point of view. The database used to carry out this work is represented by statistical data taken from the websites of national and European institutions. Compared to the way of presenting the information from the bibliographic references mentioned at the end of the research, this paper found only the essential aspects and particularities of the chosen research topic, which contributes to creating an overview of this topic.

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Upolitycznienie procesów depopulacji i migracji na Węgrzech po 1989 roku

Author(s): Tadeusz Kopyś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2022

Hungary’s population count has been declining since 1981. And if this trend continues, the country will have only 6 million inhabitants by 2070. The Fidesz administration, which has been in power continuously since 2010, has taken decisive steps to act against this trend. The population of Hungary is dropping by 40,097 people annually, which corresponds to the disappearance of a mediumsized city in one year. Hungary was the first country in Europe after the Second World War where the fertility rate fell below the level of simple population replacement, i.e. below 2.1 births per woman. Since the end of the 1980s, the population number has been declining by around 0.15-0.20 percent per year, and today the fertility rate in Hungary is one of the lowest in Europe. The Hungarian age structure will become more and more problematic as the fertile age group of the population continues to shrink. The explanation of these phenomena is the significant emigration of the native population and the complicated immigration policy. The authorities are trying to reverse this trend by introducing many legal and fiscal facilitations to encourage young people to have many children (in 2012, Hungary registered the lowest employment rate among women in the entire European Union).

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Imaginea Berlinului în proza lui Vladimir Nabokov

Author(s): Camelia Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

В статье рассматривается «берлинский текст» как структурообразующий элемент в малой прозе В.В. Набокова, созданной в период его эмиграции в Германии. Научная новизна статьи заключается в рассмотрении незатронутой литературоведением темы Берлина как текста в набоковской прозе. Объектом исследования являются механизмы построения и особенности функционирования образа города как текста особенно в малой прозе Набокова. Нами используется структурно-семиотический и психо-критический метод исследования. В прозе Набокова существует субъективное восприятие образа города персонажами и в его авторской интерпретации. Отличительной особенностью набоковского Берлина становится его пессимистичность и неразрывная связь с прошлым. «Берлинский текст» набоковской прозы представляет собой ресурс для перехода от конкретной действительности к духовным ценностям. Таким образом, город является не только фоном действия, но он может считаться некоторым основанием, на котором держится вся структура особое культурологическоехудожественного пространства. «Берлинский текст» Набокова явление, явившееся результатом творческой работы писателя в двадцатых-тридцатых годах XX века.

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Iosif Brodski – impasul receptării

Author(s): Marina Ilie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2013

В статье рассматриваются общие вопросы, связанные с «возвращением» на родину произведений русских писателей-эмигрантов ХХ века, понятие литературной канонизации, а также особенности восприятия творчества Иосифа Бродского в России. Исходя из фактов, что споры вокруг имени и личности поэтa, возникшие еще в середине 60-х годов, когда он был обвинен в тунеядстве, идут уже почти пять десятилетий, что существуют среди критиков, исследователей и поэтов его поколения противоречивые мнения o его роли и месте в современной русской культуре, можно утверждать, что поставленный литературоведами вопрос о парадоксах восприятия творчества «русского поэта, английского эссеиста и американского гражданина» Иосифа Бродского попрежнему остается открытым.

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Что скыто в «Чемодане»?

Author(s): Diana Tetean / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2012

Serghei Dovlatov’s shortstories were collected in a volume entitled “The Suitcase” and were written in the 80s in New York, when their author has already reached his period of artistic maturity. These original stories – ones that one finds “hiding in the creases of tatty clothes,” and which made the content of the one and only piece of luggage he had on him when he emigrated – tell of his life previous to his emigration. The article focuses upon the stylistic characteristics of Dovlatov’s narratives contained in this volume.

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Receptarea cehă a lui Mircea Eliade în condiţiile hiatului comunist

Author(s): Gabriel Mareş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

Après une absence presque absolue jusque dans les années quatre-vingts, par la publication de Mademoiselle Christina (inclue dans le volume Pět rumunských novel - 1984) este lancé un processus de réception soutenue de Mircea Eliade. Cela se passe toutefois dans une période pendant laquelle le venin de la censure totalitaire n’avait pas été encore épuisé. La rythmicité avec laquelle est maintenant traduite en tchèque l’œuvre d’Eliade (sont, par exemple, publiées les nouvelles Chez les Tziganes (1985) et Le serpent (1986), tandis qu’en 1989 est publié le livre Bengálská noc qui comprend les romans La nuit bengali et Noces au paradis) démontre une attitude préméditée et, surtout, systématique. Cependant, dans la présentation et l’interprétation de la personnalité créatrice d’Eliade l’accent est encore mis sur sa qualité de prosateur. Aucun ouvrage sur l’histoire de la religion n’est officiellement pas publié en tchèque avant 1989. Une spécificité de la réception d’Eliade consiste dans sa manifestation non seulement à un niveau officiel, mais aussi dans la dimension culturelle prohibée. Dans le cas de cet auteur roumain, le processus de réception est, par conséquent, l’un des plus complets de toute la période totalitaire. Le vide représenté par l’absence, sur le marché littéraire tchèque, des œuvres littéraires d’Eliade interdites par le Parti communiste de Tchécoslovaquie (KSČ) est complété, même si dans une mesure limitée, par les écrits parus sous forme de samizdat et en exil. Il s’agit surtout des articles signés par le poète dissident Jan Vladislav (tant en exil – la revue Národní politika, que sous forme de samizdat - dans le cahier Tajný čtenář v Paříži), par le critique de théâtre Anna Freimanová (dans la revue samizdat O divadle) et par Karel Gelnar (dans Reportér – magazine politique et littéraire de l’exil tchèque de Suisse).

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Nicolae Iorga în sprijinul Poloniei în toamna anului 1939

Author(s): Nicolae Mareş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

The author starts from the editing of the volume the Romanian Asylum in Poland in 2009, bringing up for discussion numerous data on the historical and political context of the Poles’ refuge in Romania in 1939. They stress the great contribution of the Romanian people to saving the Polish hoard and to assuring the living conditions for thousands of Polish refugees, as well as the Romanian state’s taking political risks. Numerous data and information on this sad period in the history of the Polish people were published by the historian Nicolae Iorga in the newspapers and magazines of that time, greatly contributing to the presentation of the historical and political framework within which this complicated and dramatic episode in the life of the Poles took place. Iorga always points out the historical Polish-Romanian relations, showing his appreciation for the power of sacrifice shown by the Polish alongside their history and his sympathy as for the tragedy they had to pass through during the World War II.

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Solidarnościowy kapitał mobilizacyjny. Polacy wobec ukraińskich uchodźców

Author(s): Marek Rymsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 688/2022

W spontanicznym organizowaniu pomocy ukraińskim uchodźcom wojennym dostrzec trzeba nie jakąś „nową solidarność” Polaków, lecz tę dobrze nam znaną z lat 1980–1981. W warunkach nadzwyczajnych doświadczenia „Solidarności” aktualizują się i wyrażają w uruchamianych ad hoc masowych akcjach społecznych.

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