We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Impact of High-Skilled Migration to the UK on the Source Countries (EU8) Economies

Author(s): Gindrute Kasnauskiene,Juste Palubinskaite / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

The majority of studies into the economic effects of high-skilled migration focus on aggregate impact on the economic output in the countries of destination. The economic impact of migration of the highly qualified on the economies of the countries of their origin has been examined less. This qualitative research aims to address that gap by identifying the economic effects of high-skilled migration on Central and Eastern Europe, the region which faces many long-term challenges to its economic development. We use the available data from the UK International Passenger Survey for the 2004-2016 period to test whether the outflow of highly qualified workers from the EU8 countries to the UK is detrimental or beneficial for the growth of sending economies in the short and long term. In order to test these hypotheses, econometric time series analysis methods of structural vector autoregression and cointegration were applied. Our results have shown a positive short-term effect of brain outflow on regions’ GDP and wage growth as well as unemployment; on the other hand, we presented empirical evidence in support of the hypothesis of the negative long-term effect of high-skilled migration on EU8 countries’ GDP and wage growth as well as unemployment. These results are fairly robust to imply that a negative view on high-skilled migration from EU8 is broadly consistent with the previous findings of “harmful brain drain” scholars.

More...

Download

The Principle of Non-refoulment within the Deportation Procedure, Admission to the Country, Right to Life and the Freedom of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment According to the Turkish Legislation on Temporary Protection Regime

Author(s): Joanna Kuruçaylıoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

This article elaborates on the non-refoulement principle regarding deportation procedure, security, and entry to the country (Turkey) under the 2014 Temporary Protection Regulation, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. According to the document presented by the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner “(…) the principle of non-refoulement guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm. This principle applies to all migrants at all times, irrespective of migration status”.1 The rights of refugees and asylum seekers in mass influx situations are recognized by UNHCR Executive Committee resolutions and general international law.2 Thus, it is necessary to analyze the non-refoulement rule as inseparable part of globally accepted principles: the right to life and the freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The article describes the development and violations of the said rule, focusing on the pertinent current Turkish legislation.

More...

Download

Rola ideologii w polskiej debacie politycznej o kryzysie migracyjnym w 2015 roku

Author(s): Łukasz Łotocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2021

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the main ideological assumptions present in the Polish political debate on the immigration crisis in Europe in 2015. The article also formulates research questions about the extent to which the ideological beliefs manifested by the participants in the debate posed a risk of falsifying (distorting) the image of reality, as well as about the ways in which specific ideological beliefs were imposed on the public opinion and political opponents. The main method used in the article is a qualitative politological discourse analysis based on elements of the mediation approach proposed by Tomasz Piekot. The identification of the main ideological assumptions present in the language of political messages was carried out taking into account the generalized division between supporters and opponents of the participation of the Polish state in the implementation of the relocation and resettlement mechanism established in 2015 at the forum of the European Union. The analysis was based on theoretical considerations concerning the category of ideology, as well as the relationship between the categories of politics, ideologies, language and political debate. The analysis shows that in the case of both main sides of the political dispute on the topic addressed, there were simplifications, generalisations, metaphors or hyperboles distorting the image of reality caused by the ideological assumptions made. Both supporters and opponents of relocation and resettlement resorted to instrumental linguistic behaviours motivated by ideology in order to achieve the assumed main political goal. The issue of the Polish state’s participation in the implementation of the relocation mechanism was automatically and excessively simplified by attempts to identify it with such issues as humanitarianism, security and European solidarity.

More...

Download

Wpływ implikacji kryzysu migracyjnego na integrację Republiki Serbii z Unią Europejską

Author(s): Magdalena Bogucewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2021

The aim of this article is to determine the impact of the migration crisis on integration of the Republic of Serbia with the European Union. Since 2015, Western Balkans have been affected by migratory pressure which has significantly shaped the relations between the countries of this region and the EU. In light of this research problem, the author formulates a hypothesis that increased migratory flows in Serbia can serve as an opportunity in further efforts by Serbian authorities to join the European Union. In pursuing this research objective the main existing challenges on Serbia’s path to membership in European structures are analysed. The author presents the process of building the EU migration and asylum policy, as well as the development of Serbian institutional and legal instruments in the field of migration, with particular emphasis on the stage of including the European acquis into the national legal framework. The analysis of the immigration phenomenon in Serbia in the context of the migration crisis and the solutions introduced by local and European authorities are followed by an attempt to assess and predict whether the circumstances dictated by the migration crisis will contribute to or hamper Serbia’s further accession processes with the European Union. In the course of work on the article, methods and techniques characteristic of political sciences are used, including document analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results of the conducted research indicate that the migration crisis contributes to the strengthening of Serbia’s position in further negotiations with the EU.

More...

Download

Has the CJEU Made the First Step to Put a Stop to the Criminalisation of Migration? Commentary to the Judgement in the Case of JZ in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Anna Magdalena Kosińska / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The paper presents a critical discussion of the CJEU judgment in the JZ case (C 806/18), in which the Court interpreted Article 11 of Directive 2008/115 that regulates entry ban issuance. The author asks a question of whether an entry ban as a measure limiting the right to free movement has a moral and legal ground in international law and EU law. Moreover, the author focuses on the problem of the criminalisation of irregular migration - both in the context of the established line of the Court’s case law and in the case of a vague national law standard that penalizes illegal stays - the possibility to apply the criminal law concept of error in law and thus exclusion of criminal liability of an illegal migrant.

More...

Download

Image of Europe in Russian Media: Journalism or Creation of Enemy Image?

Author(s): Liubov Tsybulska / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (11)/2018

The article presents a short analysis of the research “Image of Europe in Russian Media” done by the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group of the Ukraine Crisis Media Center. Analysis of the Russian media context demonstrated that the way in which the Russian TV shows the Europeans to its own population has impact not only on the relations between Russia and other countries, but also on the Russians’ readiness to support the policy of their president. Six narratives (Horrors of Life, “The Declining West”, Protests, Terrorism, Refugee Crisis, Sanctions Imposed on Russia) are presented to confirm the propaganda agenda and manipulation aiming to form public opinion in Russia.

More...

Download

POLITIČKI MIGRANTI U ODGOJNO-OBRAZOVNOM SUSTAVU ZEMALJA PRIMATELJICA

Author(s): Petra Kuntin,Petra Blažinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

The outbreak of civil war in Syria resulted in mass migrations of people from war impacted areas towards surrounding countries of Middle East but also towards European countries. Certain Middle East and European countries had to face great wave of migrants and assure their integration into society and educational system. The greatest challenge has been put before receiving countries, especially in the context of European countries, considering the fact that education is recognized as one of the key components necessary for successful inclusion of migrants into society. This paper represents comparative analysis of the measures and activities taken by receiving countries considering migrants and their integration into society and educational system of certain country. The most significant problems that receiving countries are facing during and after acceptance of migrant children have also been stated. In the paper examples of good practice of migrants integration into educational systems of certain countries are also proposed.

More...

Download

Doğu Türkistanli Kazak Türkleri Tarafindan Türkiye’de Kurulan Sivil Toplum Örgütleri Ve Bunlarin Faaliyetleri: Kazak Türkleri Eğitim Ve Araştirma Derneği Örneği

Author(s): Özlem Akbudak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2022

Kazakh Turks of East Turkistan who fled Chinese persecution and settled in Turkey after 1950 through India and their activities for the "East Turkistan case" within the academic method. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Kazakhstan was established in the western part of Turkistan in 1991. A year after the establishment of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the first diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China began, and these relations continue to this day. However, due to kazakhstan's relations with China since its independence in 1991, the Kazakh Turks in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the diaspora approach the "East Turkistan Case" with sensitivity. At the same time, with the independence of Kazakhstan, Kazakh Turks from East Turkistan in Turkey expressed their homeland as Kazakhstan and some Families from East Turkistan emigrated to Kazakhstan. Kazakh Turks from East Turkistan who remain in Turkey serve as bridges in the relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan with the associations they have established. It is the Kazakh Turks Education and Research Association that carries out its activities in the most active way in this mission.

More...

Download

The UAE Foreign Policy Toword Middle East After Arab Spring

Author(s): Tareq Abdulatif Abdullah Motahar / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2022

The role of the UAE in influencing the political events in the Middle East, especially the so-called Arab Spring, has become a source of controversy over the motives and objectives of this shift in the foreign political orientations of a country such as the UAE. For more understanding of foreign policies of the UAE in this paper, I reviewed the historical background of the establishment of the United Arab Emirates as well as the nature of the system of government and political decision-making, and I saw the extent of the economic and military capabilities enjoyed by the UAE in the region. By studying the keys to foreign political trends in the UAE, it gave me a clear vision of the mechanism of the UAE's moves and interventions in the events of the Arab Spring countries, and then identifying the major drivers for that intervention in the region. We will note that the fight against the rise of the Islamic political and extremist forces in the Arab Spring countries, threaten the economic and political interests of the UAE and its foreign orientations which pushed it by using its economic capabilities and modern armament in full coordination with the West and foremost the United States of America and through unprecedented harmony and harmony with Saudi Arabia The UAE has that momentum and influence in the region.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

RELOCATION OF ASYLUM – SEEKERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Alexandra Bucur / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

This study analyzes the emergency situation characterised by a sudden inflow of nationals of third countries in Europe. Member States have increased their efforts to set up measures of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility for relocating a significant number of applicants from Greece and Italy, in clear need of international protection. This article examines the relocation procedures and implications resulting from the commitments of Member States. The rights and obligations of applicants for international protection covered by the relocation process are also presented.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

IMMIGRANTS IN SEARCH OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Lucia Ștefania Avram / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment2/2017

The author of this articles analyses the main legal norms that should be taken in consideration regarding the minor immigrants and the vulnerable people among immigrants. The author will present the main international, European and national norms and will make a comparison between them to understand the differences and the most favorable and the hardest regulation.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

MIGRATION. A CHALLENGE TO INTERNATIONAL STABILITY AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Claudia Elena Marinică / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment2/2017

Remodeling the E.U. migration process and managing migration through a complex and balanced approach are key aspects of the current EU policy; the international stability of E.U. member states, including the E.U. itself, can be achieved mainly through responsibility and solidarity. In this context, the protection of human rights, of the European values and of the European principles of law represents a challenge to European societies in terms of international stability and the need to develop coherent national and European policies. The cooperation for eliminating discrimination, the development in areas such as free movement, education, health, labor law, poverty reduction, human rights, reducing the negative impact on local communities, and considering the phenomenon of migration as an opportunity for some local communities, as well, are challenges that contemporary European societies have to overcome successfully, requiring long-term, efficient solutions, which guaranteeing social cohesion at local and international level.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Alexandra Bucur / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment2/2017

Given that the European Union is facing a crisis in terms of migration, international protection has gained a fundamental role at the level of the European Union. Although the number of asylum seekers decreased at the beginning of 2017 compared to the previous year, the granting of protection remains a situation that is not manageable for the European Union.

More...

Download

‘We Were Refugees Ourselves!’ Discursive Framing of the ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Croatia and Collective Memories of the 1990s War

Author(s): Tamara Banjeglav / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This paper focuses on the discursive framing of the ‘refugee crisis’ in Croatian online media in order to examine the extent to which discourses about refugees crossing borders in 2015/2016 were informed by Croatia’s recent history and collective memory of the 1990s war. The paper is particularly interested in the local population’s perception of and reactions to the arrival of refugees. The analysis shows that the so-called refugee crisis, which dominated the European and world media in 2015/2016, triggered memories and narratives of the Croatian population’s own experience of displacement and forced migration, due to its own - not so distant - experiences of war. These local discourses defy the usual pro- and anti-refugee discourses that were present in other societies in Europe where refugees were arriving, due to a different historical memory and experience.

More...

Download

Impact of International Trade on Nigeria Economic Growth: Evidence on Trade Cost

Author(s): Babajide A. Ajayi,Emmanuel Busuyi Oguntomi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study investigated the impact of international trade on Nigerian economic growth, empirical evidence on trade cost. The ordinary least square technique was used to analyse data from 1960 to 2021. The study specifically focused on the impact of trade cost on economic growth in Nigeria, by grounding it on the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage. The econometric analyses of augmented dickey-fuller unit root test, error correction model, pair-wise granger causality test, and fully modified ordinary least square test were conducted. The FMOLS results showed that the consumer price index (CPI) and inflation consumer prices (ICP) have a significant negative effect on GDP. Thus, trade cost has adverse impact on Nigeria economic growth on the long run. On the short run, only consumer prices index (CPI) has positive impact on gross domestic product (GDP) while inflation consumer prices (ICP) has negative impact on gross domestic product (GDP), but the relationship is not statistically significant. It is recommended that there is need for the government to strengthen the monetary policy as to maintain price stability.

More...

Download

Pavel Dan şi Cesare Pavese, două destine literare

Author(s): Gabriela Chiciudean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2014

Analysing Pavel Dan’s and Cesare Pavese’s work, although there are differences, some similarities regarding the influence of biographies and space is visible. Both writers are born and raised in rural areas, where silent peasants were used with a hard work of the land. Both are considered realistic writers and both were compared with Faulkner. Pavese is also considered a modern writer. Pavel Dan was described both as traditionalist and modernist. The short stories of both writers may be structurally reduced to a unique event. An important symbol for Pavese is the hill, a muted witness of the heroes’ loneliness. The plain is the main symbol in Dan’s work. Loneliness is a major theme met in their short stories and a feeling they experienced for a long time. One of the similarities in the short stories of the two writers is the use of autobiography. Pavese’s literature is a symbiosis with biography, a meditation upon the self-abnormality, a result of an intense experience and of a careful self-analyse. Some literary critiques stated that Pavel Dan has no imagination and uses his reality transformed into text. Exile is another important theme in both creations. Pavese was exiled in the proper meaning of the expression. Pavel Dan was expelled from college and had to finish his studies in another city, Tulcea, with an antagonist landscape compared to the writer’s native land. Another antagonism is met in both creations – rural/urban. Carlo Dionisotti and Sergio Antonelli discuss this antagonism in Pavese’s work. Also Dan uses this opposition. His short stories presenting life in the city present the lost hopes and dreams of the children and young people coming from the rural areas, hoping to help their families remained in the village. This people always end as unhappy, lonely personalities, living fears isolated in the crowd.

More...

Download

Jhumpa Lahiri and Psychological Dislocation in “Interpreter of Maladies”

Author(s): Smaranda Ștefanovici / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2015

As a postcolonial female writer, J. Lahiri’s favorite themes spin around nostalgic lament for her Indian origins, psychological dislocation, cultural disjunction and the trauma of self-transformation through immigration. The inability to see the world clearly points to the characters’ impossibility of communicating due to unspoken truths that deform reality and hence hinder interpretation and understanding of feelings. In Interpreter of Maladies, Lahiri advocates for a second generation immigrant character, whose hybrid condition allows him to communicate across gender, linguistic, and cross-cultural borders. Unfortunately, her characters fail to translate and interpret this liminal space. Despite Lahiri’s search as a lonely child and later as a writer, she has not found a remedy for this chronic, spiritual malady of this breakdown of communication yet. Her message in the short story “Interpreter of Maladies” is that you can be a foreigner in a new land or even within one’s family.

More...

Download

Toposi smrti u savremenom iračkom romanu

Author(s): Mirza Sarajkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 18/2020

This paper offers an insight into the literary presentation of the situation in Iraq after the American invasion, with special reference to topoi of death. The war apocalypse exacerbated the misery of the country that had already been crushed under Saddam’s dictatorship. The literal destruction of the country and society in a paradoxical way caused the awakening and affirmation of the novel, a literary genre that had largely been under the Baa’th party embargo or written in exile. Ahmad Saadawi and Shakir Nuri are prominent novelists who tried to reconstruct the torturous reality of contemporary Iraq in their fiction. Their novels, Frankenstein in Baghdad and The Madmen of Camp Bucca, present a new geography of bare existence and thanatopolitics as the newly established norm of life. Furthermore, these novels question the fractures of the homeland through Foucault’s perspective of narrative and formal heterotopias produced within the structures of biopower. The figure of Baghdad’s Frankenstein or The Nameless symbolizes a new Iraqi “overman” or an improved version of homo sacer, and Camp Bucca proves to be the ideal paradigm of thanatopolitics’ mimicry and the symbolic order of the twenty first century.

More...

Download

“Our Women Keep Our Skies from Falling": Representation of Women’s Challenges and Resilience in Three Contemporary African Novels

Author(s): Zoly Rakotoniera Rakotondravelo / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2021

One of the major changes occurring on the African continent during the last 40 years is the feminist redefinition of gender roles. Yet, in a fast-changing context and despite all the critical advances in terms of women's conditions, a lot still needs to be achieved. A deeper exploration of how African women are represented in an era of globalization marked by State failure, migration crises, and extreme poverty is essential. This paper aims at analyzing the way women are represented in contemporary African literature. A feminist comparative analysis of three international prize-winning novels, namely Americanah (2013) by Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, We Need New Names (2013) by Zimbabwean author NoViolet Bulawayo, and Juillet au Pays: Chroniques d’un retour à Madagascar (2007) (July in the Country: Narratives of a Return to Madagascar) by Malagasy writer Michèle Rakotoson enables us to shed light on hitherto unexplored images of African women. According to these writers, African women are victims of several forms of violence and injustice; however, they are resilient and are able to achieve agency thanks to national and transnational feminist solidarity. Such solidarity offers them freedom and the power to cause changes to their country. The novels also highlight the symbolic importance of storytelling for women.

More...

Download

Cittautu literatūras tulkojumi trimdā 20. gs. 40.–50. gados

Author(s): Viesturs Zanders / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 42/2020

The purpose of this article is to explore the ways in which Latvians in exile after the Second World War continued the existing tradition of translating and publishing world literature, which publishing houses and translators were the most productive, which authors were published most often, and how they were received in the émigré society. The range of translations was particularly wide and diverse in the 1940s and 1950s when a total of 265 books were published, of which eight were poetry and four were plays, with fiction accounting for the rest. During this period, a total of 27 translations of different authors were published. German authors were most widely represented (30), followed by French (27), Estonian and American (26 each), Norwegian and Swedish (23 each) authors. The publishers accounting for most of these were Grāmatu draugs and Tilts in the United States, Daugava in Stockholm, and Imanta in Copenhagen. In the 1940s and 1950s, authors whose books could never be published in Soviet-occupied Latvia (James Joyce, George Orwell, Albert Camus et al.) were published outside its borders. Yet the publishers in exile had to pay attention to the rather conservative tastes of the majority of their readership and its reservations about works created in the Soviet Union (e.g., Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak).

More...