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ULOGA CRNOGORSKOG TUŽILAŠTVA U SLUČAJU DEPORTACIJA IZBEGLICA

Author(s): Balša Delibašić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 1-2/2021

Montenegro admitted its responsibility in the “Refugee deportation” case by paying damages to the indemnified. However, no individual responsibility had ever been determined for this war crime and in this paper that fact is directly linked with the actions of the competent state prosecutor’s office of Montenegro. The paper begins with theoretical position, analyzing necessary requirements of awar crimes in international and non-international armed conflicts, which will help us in better understanding of views taken by respective courts and the prosecution in charge for this case. Further on, it shall focus on the position of the prosecution that at the same time both disputed and acted in favor of the thesis underpinning the existence of the war crime, as well as to the conflict of interests of the Prosecution itself. Finally, the paper shall demonstrate the shortcomings of the indictment leading to the acquittal in this case.

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Uluslararası Göç

Author(s): / Language(s): Turkish

Bu kitap Uluslararası Göç derslerinde temel metin olarak kullanılmak üzere yayınlanmış dergi makaleleri ve kitap bölümleri biraraya getirilerek hazırlanmıştır. Göç kuramlarından, göç politikalarına, göçmen uyumu ve vatadanşalıktan, Türkiye’nin içe ve dışa göç deneyimlerine dek pek çok temel konu alanın uzmanlarınca hazırlanmış makaleler ile tartışılmaktadır. Altı kısım olarak hazırlanan kitapta öğrencilerin çalışmasını destekleyecek ileri okuma listeleri de sunulmuştur. Kitabın ana temaları BİRİNCİ KISIM: Göç ve Temel Kavramlar, İKİNCİ KISIM: Kuramsal Açıklamalar, ÜÇÜNCÜ KISIM: Göç, Güvenlik, Biyo-politika, DÖRDÜNCÜ KISIM: Türkiye ve Göçler, BEŞİNCİ KISIM: Politika ve uyum ve ALTINCI KISIM: Güncel Tartışmalardan oluşmaktadır.

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ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ VE MÜLTECİ YÖNETİMİ İÇİN BÜYÜK VERİ KULLANIMININ AVANTAJ VE DEZAVANTAJLARININ SİSTEMATİK ANALİZİ

Author(s): Emrah Atar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Migration and refugee crises unfortunately rank first among the most heart-wrenching and vexatious humanitarian problems of this century. Especially, the ongoing civil unrest, civil war and terrorism in Syria, Afghanistan, Yemen, Venezuela, Myammar, neighboring countries have reached an unprecedented level of migrant and refugees since the Second World War. According to United Nations reports, as of today, the number of international migrants have reached 280 million and the number of displaced people by force has exceeded 80 million, and the total number of refugees has exceeded 26 million. In the face of the high human mobility of people, host countries have come under pressure, especially to provide better quality of basic public services. Although there are many reasons why the services offered are not at the desired levels, the lack of data is one of the important reasons. In the face of the ongoing migrants challenges and enhance the quality of service to ensure the necessary level of the host country governments and civil society organizations, members of reviewer of the data need necessarily to find ways to obtain better quality data. In addition, it is of great importance that the data is sufficient and reliable to prevent negative consequences such as migrant smuggling, the deaths of those who use the sea route during migration, and the mistreatment they face at the points they reach. As a result, the article discusses why states ought to use existing and modern technologies and data to identify and assist vulnerable migrants in need of protection. It has addressed the advantages and opportunities gained in the international arena against the protection of immigrants ' right to life, the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor. However, the article also examined the disadvantages, limits and risks associated with the unrestricted use of new technologies, especially in relation to the protection of immigrants ' right to privacy and data protection.

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Uluslararası Göç ve Ulusal Güvenlik Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Sınır Dışı Politikalarının Göçmenler Üzerindeki Etkisi

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Uluslararası Göç ve Ulusal Güvenlik Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Sınır Dışı Politikalarının Göçmenler Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Meltem Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The intersection of international migration and national security issues is undoubtedly a question of borders. This article in Turkey's border and deportation policy will be examined in a theoretical framework. It is aimed to open the discussion to the problems experienced by immigrants through the deportation practice in the legal legislation. In this context, the article tried to reveal the effects of border policies on immigrants, taking into account the place of deportation in legal legislation. The Turkey's border policy according to the results determined within the context of national security and border external application will be deported persons and persons unfit for human rights within the framework of deportation specified in the Foreign and International Protection Act (YUKK). However, there are some deficiencies in the legal legislation that negatively affect the living conditions of immigrants.

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Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları ve Göç Olgusunun Analizi: Suriyeli Göçmenler Örneği

Author(s): Bilal Karabulut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

The phenomenon of migration has become one of the most emphasized topics in thefield of social sciences. The increasing number of immigrants in different geographies ofthe world has turned into an important threat especially for developed countries. Migrationmovements, which have a multi-dimensional and multi-layered structure, are within the scopeof many different disciplines of social sciences. The phenomenon of immigration, which canbe studied in economic, sociological, psychological, demographic or political terms, can beaddressed through theories of international relations. The main purpose of this study is thecomparative analysis of positivist theories of international relations representing the statecentric worldview and post-positivist theories with a human-centric perspective, based onthe example of Syrian immigrants.

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Uluslararası ve Ulusal Mevzuata Göre Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin Hukuki Statüsü

Author(s): Mithat Büyükhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this study is to try to explain the legal status of Syrians in Turkey in accordance with the provisions of the international conventions to which Turkey is a party and the regulations in its domestic law. Many concepts such as migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and temporary protection are used for Syrians in Turkey. The study is important in terms of ending the confusion of concepts related to Syrians and contributing to the literature. Qualitative research method was used in the research and document review was carried out to collect data. In the study; due to being a party to the 1951 Geneva Convention on the legal status of refugees by geographical restriction, in addition, according to the 1994 regulation in force during the period, Turkey does not give Syrians the status of refugees or asylum seekers, Syrians ' status issue continues for some time, however, with the entry into force of the law on Foreigners and International Protection on 11.04.2013 and the Regulation on Temporary Protection on 22.10.2014, the Syrians "benefiting from temporary protection" status by being given the status issue that solved the findings were reached.

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3.00 €

Unaccompanied Minor Refugees’ Vulnerabilities in Sweden: Testimonials from a Voluntary Support Network

Author(s): Amber Horning,Sara Jordenö,Tanja Dejanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Vocational and Voluntary Network #VISTÅRINTEUT (Eng. “We Can’t Stand It”, abbreviated: VSIU) was founded in September 2016 by a teacher, two social workers, and an educator. Using Facebook as a way to connect across Sweden, the VSIU network includes nearly 11,000 professionals and individuals who meet and support UMRs. The VSIU network includes teachers, social workers, physicians, psychologists, guardians, welfare officers, counselors, school nurses, and others who came in contact with UMRs at their places of work or in their communities. The VSIU network works to support UMRs in Sweden by organizing protests in connection to deportations, by helping to appeal asylum cases and providing support in the process, by alerting media and the UN to the injustices in the asylum processes and documenting how Swedish society is denying UMR’s their fundamental human rights. Most of all, they voluntarily provide housing and emotional support to UMRs. The VSIU network took on the role of the State that, in many cases, stopped providing support for UMRs when Sweden deemed that they were 18 or denied their asylum cases.

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3.99 €

Understanding Policy in Immigration

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Policies have become a form of social institution and are tools which governments use to organize contemporary societies (Shore and Wright 1995) . The intensions and functions of organically formed institutions evolve as the social/biological environment changes through time but, policy in its genesis has specific intensions. Post-modernist thought avoid the nature of policy because it focuses of the individual and the individuals' ability to usurp power structures by avoiding categorization (Kirtsoglou 2004; Butler 2005). However, the nature and purpose of policy is to essentialize and categorize people and define subjects' access to power structures and determine individuals' roles and statuses in society (Shore and Wright 1995; Haines 2013). Thus, individuals are defined, enabled and limited by the categories policy imposes on them (as Citizen, refugee, legal/ illegal immigrant, etc). Thus, deeply embedded in policy are the cultural norms and ideologies, which help us understand power rhetorics and meanings of a society.

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UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL JUSTICE TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS: FINNISH PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Nafisa Yeasmin,Waliul Hasanat,Frank Ojwang / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Historical analysis confirms that immigrants are poorly-rated in most societies. Their position in Finland does not seem to be any different compared to other countries, although Finland is ranked globally as the happiest country. Finnish statutory law ensures the legal rights of citizens regardless of their origin; however, immigrants must face a number of challenges caused by a lack of societal recognition from native Finns. The study explains ‘social justice’ from a theoretical point of view, applying the concept of experiences provided by Renault. Additionally, the study determines the key obstacles faced by immigrants in Finland and searches for suitable practical approaches to improve their status in the society. We argue that the historical consequences of the real facts on migration in Finland are that immigrants are struggling to establish their identities, which then leads to a complex phenomenon of understating their social status. We have applied the Renault concept of experiences of injustice to understand immigrants’ social position and its influences on their settlement in Finland. The principles of this research can equally create sense and trust in public and private-public institutions, as well as promote transparency and conscious equitable treatment towards immigrants alongside other minority groups.

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Understanding the Reconstruction of Personal Networks Through Residential Trajectories

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Understanding the Reconstruction of Personal Networks Through Residential Trajectories

Author(s): Olga Ganjour,Eric D. Widmer,Gil Viry,Jacques-Antoine Gauthier,Vincent Kaufmann,Guillaume Drevon / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

This article examines how residential trajectories influence the spatiality and composition of personal networks. Three mechanisms are considered: the addition of spatially close network members, the selection of spatially distant network members, and the substitution of spatially distant network members by spatially close ones. An ego-centred network analysis combined with sequence analysis of residential experiences is used to capture the personal networks and the residential trajectories of individuals from two birth cohorts in Switzerland. A series of regression models test the association between the types of personal networks that individuals develop, in terms of both spatial dispersion and composition, and their residential trajectories. The results show that individuals who moved far away from their place of birth are embedded in large and diversified personal networks, which include spatially distant relatives, local nuclear family members, and local friends. On average, individuals who experienced residential migration have larger and more diverse personal networks than individuals who stayed close to their place of birth. The addition mechanism accounts for much of this greater diversity.

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3.00 €

UNHCR’s Demographic Reports on Refugees

Author(s): Ebru Gür,Soyalp Tamçelik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the current study is based on major contribution of population sciences including discipline of demography in the terms of refugee migration governance and policy, which utilizes steps for collecting data rather than assumption or myths in order to constitute management of refugees. The intersection between policy sciences and population sciences literature have a potential to outline future scenarios of populations and communities around the world including national, regional, social and environmental dynamics. There is an important role of analytic approach in enhancing capacity for demographic data collection concerning the refugee and forced migration, which enlightens policy development theoretically about adaptation and integration with operational and administrative processes. The foundations of international governmental organizations like UNHCR, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division within the body of United Nations (UN), ILO, and International Organization for Migration (IOM) have essential frameworks for the policy relevant to refugee research.

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Unia Europejska wobec Bałkanów Zachodnich w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego w latach 2015‑2019

Author(s): Wawrzyniec Banach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 66/2020

The aim of the article is to analyse the actions taken by the European Union towards the Western Balkans in the context of the migration crisis. The study assumes that the migration crisis was an important factor accelerating the accession process of the Western Balkan countries to the European Union. In order to fulfil the research goal, an analysis of sources (European Union documents) was conducted. The paper uses elements of the theory of the regional security complex as a theoretical framework. Firstly, the activities of the European Union before the migration crisis are discussed. Next, the paper focuses on presenting the course of the crisis on the Western Balkan route. The further part of the study discusses the actions taken by the EU towards the countries of the Western Balkans in response to the migration crisis.

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Unintended asylum seekers: Bangladeshi probashi from Libya to Italy

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Unintended asylum seekers: Bangladeshi probashi from Libya to Italy

Author(s): Nicoletta Del Franco / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper focuses on Bangladeshi migrants, who have recently reached Italy from Libya. It discusses the results of fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2018 with Bangladeshi asylum seekers living in the Parma area who are, or have been, hosted in emergency reception centers called CAS (Centri di Accoglienza Straordinaria). The aim of this paper is to explore the characteristics of this recent migration flow and to examine how migrants navigate the country’s formal reception system, adapting to and at the same time manipulating it. Migrants face a legal and political regime that is quite different from that of the 1990s and early 2000s. In order to secure refugee status, they find themselves caught up in a state-managed, complex reception system. Despite being in a weak and precarious position they move tactically in an unstable and uncertain environment to suit their life objectives.

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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and Its Relations With The Other United Nations’ Organs

Author(s): Doğan Şafak Polat / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since its establishment on December 14, 1950, after World War II, the United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has helped millions of people who have fled or lost their homes.1 This organization aims to save lives, secure rights and create a sustainable future for refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people.2 It advocates that everyone in their country who has escaped abuse, oppression,war or catastrophe has the right to seek asylum and reach safe refuge.3 Both the UNHCR Statute and the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol gave UNHCR responsibility to oversee the governmental implementation of international refugee law instruments. It describes the term “refugee” and sets out the rights of refugees and the legal responsibilities of 149 State parties to care for them. In a way, it could be said that UNHCR served as the “guardian” of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. States arerequired to work with UNHCR under the law to ensure that the rights of refugees are respected and secured.

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Unpacking Identity: Travelling Cases as Theatrical Props

Author(s): Ilinca Tamara Todoruț / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

“All the suitcases that have appeared in this story are lying open on the stage,” reads a stage direction from Steigerwald’s Sorrow, Sorrow, Fear, the Rope, and the Pit. The suitcase may be the number one prop used in stagings of Eastern European drama, which after ’89 could speak openly about issues of physical displacement, either as refugees or as emigrants. What is the symbolism of the suitcase in connection with issues of identity, nationalism, migration, and border crossing, and how does it relate to a newer prop – the briefcase?

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Upolitycznienie procesów depopulacji i migracji na Węgrzech po 1989 roku

Author(s): Tadeusz Kopyś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2022

Hungary’s population count has been declining since 1981. And if this trend continues, the country will have only 6 million inhabitants by 2070. The Fidesz administration, which has been in power continuously since 2010, has taken decisive steps to act against this trend. The population of Hungary is dropping by 40,097 people annually, which corresponds to the disappearance of a mediumsized city in one year. Hungary was the first country in Europe after the Second World War where the fertility rate fell below the level of simple population replacement, i.e. below 2.1 births per woman. Since the end of the 1980s, the population number has been declining by around 0.15-0.20 percent per year, and today the fertility rate in Hungary is one of the lowest in Europe. The Hungarian age structure will become more and more problematic as the fertile age group of the population continues to shrink. The explanation of these phenomena is the significant emigration of the native population and the complicated immigration policy. The authorities are trying to reverse this trend by introducing many legal and fiscal facilitations to encourage young people to have many children (in 2012, Hungary registered the lowest employment rate among women in the entire European Union).

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Urban Acupuncture as a Method of Open Space Regeneration in Greek Ex-Refugee Areas. The Case of Nikea, Piraeus

Author(s): Evgenia Tousi,Maro Sinou,Antonia Perouli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper explores the potential of implementing the principles of urban acupuncture in a selected Greek case study, taking into account international experience in the field. The research includes literature review and field work. The area of study is Nikea, an ex-refugee urban area in the Attica metropolitan region. It was founded during the 1930s to host refugees from Asia Minor. The initial Hippodamian grid offers beneficial intermediate communal spaces inside each city block and there are also larger green spaces in proximity. However, the area suffers from urban blight owed largely to the poor quality of preservation of the old refugee housing estates. A mixture of factors contributes to the complex contemporary situation characterized by opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, there is great potential for regenerating the existing intermediate communal spaces and on the other decaying refugee houses and vulnerable households intricate the already convoluted situation. The paper provides cartographic depiction and categorization of the existing open spaces highlighting also contemporary socio-spatial challenges and market driven limitations. The research describes the obstacles that hinder the activation of “urban sensitive points” in terms of urban acupuncture, also advocating for possible solutions. The paper opens dialogue on the Greek case study in terms of urban acupuncture with the view to suggest strategies to foster socio-spatial cohesion in degraded ex -refugee urban areas. This is a pilot case study with further application in other post-refugee urban areas in Greece that share common socio-spatial attributes. Thus, the topic of the paper may have a greater impact within the Greek urban context.

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UROCZYSTOŚĆ PRZEKAZANIA URZĘDU PREZYDENTA RP NA UCHODŹSTWIE LECHOWI WAŁĘSIE – OSTATNI AKT CEREMONIAŁU PAŃSTWOWEGO III RP

Author(s): Paweł Gotowiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2020

The article is devoted to selected aspects of the ceremony of handing over the presidential insignia by the President of the Republic of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski to President-elect Lech Wałęsa on December 22, 1990. The author focuses on formal, legal and protocol issues accompanying the ceremony of handing over the insignia. The process of negotiating the formula of an event unprecedented in the political history of Poland or in the history of state ceremonies was analyzed in detail.

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Use of non-traditional data sources to nowcast migration trends through Artificial Intelligence technologies

Author(s): Diletta Goglia,Laura Pollacci,Alina Sîrbu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years the pursuit of original drivers and methods is becoming an increasing requirement for migration studies, considering the new technologies used to characterise and understand the human migration phenomenon. In addition to the traditional data typically used in migration studies (e.g., indicators related to the labour market or economic status, measures obtained from surveys and official statistics, either from national censuses or from the population registries), many researchers like Bosco et al. (2022), Fiorio et al. (2017), Gendronneau et al. (2019), Jisu, Sîrbu, Rossetti, Giannotti, and Rapoport (2021), Salah (2021), Spyratos et al. (2018), Sîrbu et al. (2021), Zagheni, Garimella, Weber, and State (2014), Zagheni, Polimis, Alexander, Weber, and Billari (2018), Zagheni, Weber, and Gummadi (2017), have proposed to employ non-traditional data sources to study migration. These can consist in news data, satellite data, but also in digital traces of humans generated by using internet services, mobile phones, IoT devices, fidelity cards, online social networks and many others. This unconventional approach is intended to find an alternative methodology to answer open questions about the human migration framework (i.e., nowcasting flows and stocks, studying the integration of multiple sources and knowledge, and investigating migration drivers). The new data have the advantage of timeliness and large geographical coverage, but also disadvantages in terms of selection bias and amount of resources required to process, as reported by Sîrbu et al. (2021) and Pollacci, Milli, Bircan, and Rossetti (2022). Therefore, models extracted from these data need to be carefully validated, typically with traditional data sources. In this context of meaningful data combination, many types of data exist, still very scattered and heterogeneous, making integration far from straightforward.

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Uticaj migracione politike na razvoj Srbije

Author(s): Vladimir Grečić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1168/2017

Serbia has been faced with the growing depopulation tendency for a quarter of a century now (negative population growth rate is ever increasing and the emigration of young people, especially highly educated and talented people, has become more and more dynamic), and inclusive of weak economic performances and a very modest economic growth, as well. In fact, nowadays, it has been faced with major challenges as it has become the country of immigration, transit country and the country of origin for many people who have had to leave their homes for various reasons. The migration management policy has become an important area of the public60 policies, both on the national and international level. The economic theory of the cross-border migration deals mostly with the following questions: Why do people migrate? Who migrates? What are the implications of both of the countries of origin and a country of destination? Although there is a tendency in the bibliography to distinguish between internal and international (external) migration, there is, in fact, only one economic theory of migration. The Migration is an investment in one's well-being.The efficiency of migration policies is often challenged due to the alleged failure to manage the immigration in a way to protect the country against unwanted migrants and their unproductive effects. However, as a result of the basic methodological and conceptual limitations, the evidence remained unclear. The central question which the author seeks to answer is as follows: How the Serbian migration policy affects the size, direction and nature of migration into and out of the country? In addition, what are the effects of migration and the significance of these effects for the overall development of Serbia? In order to build conceptual clarity, the author draws a distinction between the effects of immigration policy regarding migration volume, geographical mobility, the composition of migration (legal channels and characteristics of the migrants, with particular emphasis to the talents), the timing of migration and return of migration to their countries of origin. Finally, the author suggests some measures and activities that the state authorities should undertake to minimize losses and maximize the gain from the external migration of Serbia

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