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The employment of domestic workers, especially women, is widely discussed in the foreign literature. However, little is known about employment of female domestic workers in Russia. The paper looks at the specifics of the recruitment of the female domestic workers and their main areas of employment in the context of their origin (local workers, internal migrants, foreign migrants). The empirical basis of the study is data of a household survey conducted in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. We found that local and migrant female domestic workers occupy different employment niches with migrants being more likely to be hired by low income households. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the supply of foreign workers, and the cost of their labor has increased.
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This development is an analysis of persons with long-term residency permits in Bulgaria, based on Eurostat data. Key European and National strategy papers, measures and actions that could be used more rationally in the ongoing active and passive policy to address the problems related to the adaptation of these people are presented in the way of sustainable and inclusive growth.
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This analysis provides an assessment of some of the most important elements of the EC proposal for new 2021-2027 MFF and new system of own resources, mainly focusing on the issues regarding migration and their impact. Also, the analysis provides an overview and comparison between the new MFF and the current one. For the expenditure side of the EU budget, the European Commission has proposed a long-term budget of €1,135 billion in commitments (expressed in 2018 prices) over the period from 2021 to 2027, equivalent to 1.11% of the EU27's gross national income (GNI). This level of commitments translates into €1,105 billion (or 1.08% of GNI) in payments (in 2018 prices). Superficially, this amounts to an increase on the 2014-2020 MFF, which is an estimated 1.02% of EU-28 GNI (commitments), but a number of factors make comparisons difficult. On the revenue side of the EU budget, the Commission has taken the political opportunity presented by Brexit to propose a gradual phasing-out of most of the correction mechanisms that discount certain Member States' contributions to the EU budget. The proposal for a new own resources decision also takes up the recommendation of the High-Level Group on Own Resources to introduce new own resources explicitly linked to EU policies.
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This article explores an important archival source, the personal files of deportees, the original form of the document compiled by the NKVD characterizing the identity of a person who is on special settlement. These are massive official documents of a personal nature, applied to all adults deported during World War II from different regions and republics of the former USSR. The author reveals previously classified personal files and documents on the legal status of special settlers. The introduction of new documents into circulation made it possible to shed light on many aspects of the life of deportees related to their social and legal adaptation in new places of settlements. A personal file clearly demonstrates both the conditions of detention at the special settlement, and changes in the regulatory framework governing the life of this category within the framework of the special settlement system in the USSR. In accordance with the ongoing changes, a special commandant introduced each special settler to the new standards, who were given receipts. The file contains four receipts that allow one to divide the period from 1944 to 1957 into four stages. The article emphasizes that for post-deportation generations, the presence of personal files containing personal data was a good opportunity in restoring not only history, but also genealogy. It has both important scholarly, socio-legal, and political significance for the study of destinies, both of individuals and of entire nations. As examples, some documents are contained in the personal files of the evicts.
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Дозволите ми, као прво, да допуним своје претходно излагање у којем ми je промакло, na нисам споменуо да у процесима миграција, односно досељавања странаца у Босну и Херцеговину након окупације, значајно мјесто припада Јеверјима. Они се појављују као важан економски фактор у босанскохерцеговачким градовима, гдје се готово искључиво и насељљвају.
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Over the past almost three years, the European Union and Europe as a whole have been faced with the challenge of reaching an agreement on a number of issues regarding the largest migration movement since the Second World War – the so-called "refugee crisis". The set of measures includes actions to address the root causes of the crisis and a significant increase in humanitarian aid both within and outside the Union. One of the key aspects of the EU migration policy management, which is included in the European Migration Program of May 2015, is the hotspot approach. The European Commission has introduced the "hotspot" approach in order to support Greece and Italy as first-line members in coping with the significant increase in the number of irregular migrants arriving at their external borders for the period from 2015 to 2016. The aim of this approach is to provide operational support to Member States to ensure arriving migrants are identified, registered and fingerprinted, and channelled into the relevant follow-up procedures. To a greater extent, the hotspot approach can be seen as positive for improving migration management in both Member States by increasing their migrants reception capacity, enhancing registration procedures and consolidating efforts to coordinate operational assistance. However, setting them up took longer than planned. In Greece, four of the five planned hotspots were operational in March 2016, with the last one coming into operation by June 2016. In Italy, four out of six planned hotspots were operational in March 2016, and two additional hotpots were still in the process of being set up but not yet operational at the end of February 2017. Despite the considerable support from the EU, at the end of 2016 the reception facilities in both countries were not yet adequate to properly receive (Italy) or accommodate (Greece) the number of migrants arriving. There is still a shortage of adequate facilities to accommodate and process unaccompanied minors in line with international standards, both in the hotspots and at the next level of reception.
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Према расположивим изворима, тешко je утврдити тачан број странаца који су се уселили у Босну и Херцеговину од окупације до првог свјетског рата. У почетку о томе није ни вођена преЦизна статистика, Ипак, прве податке о броју странаца у Босни и Херцеговини дала je Земаљска влада у децембру 1880. године. Тада je у окупираном подручју било 4.510 аустријских и 11.765 угарских држављана, што укупно износи 16.275 припадника обију половица Монархије. Послије тога, у пописима становништва редовно je исказиван број странаца у Босни и Херцеговини.
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Modern migration processes and their consequences have rightly established themselves as one of the central fields of current policy in the European Union (EU). For centuries, Europe itself has been a continent of emigrants, with the inhabitants of European countries colonizing vast areas of the world in search of wealth, freedom and peace. Today, the trend is reversed: in the age of globalization, the Old Continent has become the ultimate goal of hitherto unknown, in scale and intensity, migration processes.
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Starting from the late 20th century, the modern era is called the «era of migration» thereby emphasizing the important role of migration processes in world development. Russian regions active participants in the migration exchange and the largest centres of both immigration and emigration. Accordingly, among Russian researchers population migration is considered a relevant and acute issue. The article aims to review scientific research in the field of population migration conducted in Russia from 2000 to 2019. The theoretical framework of the research includes publications covering the topic of modern migration processes. The practical basis is articles published on the website elibrary.ru. The study was conducted using bibliometric analysis, which is one of the most useful tools for studying the information flow. The total sample size was 18,174 scientific articles. We revealed that most of the publications (36 %) belong to the field of economics and economic sciences. The dynamics of publication activity on migration demonstrated an upward trend.The number of articles in the period 2000–2019 increased by 27 times. The leaders in the number of publications on migration topics are the journals «Migration Law» (245 articles) and «Journal of Economy and Entrepreneurship» (173 publications). Among scientific organisations, the undisputed leader in this list is the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, which published 637 works on migration in total, and Moscow State University with 572 papers. S. V. Ryazantsev presented the largest number of publications in the examined period. The results of this study can be used to improve the information support of specialists involved in studying population migration and strengthen scientific communication between researchers in various fields.
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This paper presents the recent and emerging challenges to the Common European Asylum System. The author pays special attention to the circumstances related to the wave of people seeking protection and asylum in 2015 and presents the genesis of the European asylum system dating back in the ‘70s. the article discusses institutional issues as well as vulnerabilities of the Common European Asylum System. The research concludes that although being an attempt for joint solidarity efforts, the Common European Asylum System was dominated by the national interests and, in some cases, might have led to accelerating populist trends.
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The article was written on the basis of the so-called Warsaw-Kholm archives of Ivan Ohiienko – a well-known Ukrainian statesman, religious figure, and scientist, professor at the University of Warsaw in 1925–1932 – which were found in the archive of Polish Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw and studied by the author. The documents were still considered lost during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. The reasons for dispersing and the ways of moving this archive collection are clarified, the facts about the preservation of a part of the documents and the way they got after the war to the archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Poland, and later to the archive of Polish Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw, are presented here for the first time. The characteristics of the archive are presented in terms of the volumes, personalities, and public institutions with which the creator of the archive corresponded. The multifaceted issues of the correspondence are considered against the background of the philosophy of being an individual in the context of emigration. The activities of Ohiienko in the complex reality of emigration are analysed in several aspects: the struggle for physical survival, civil and professional assertion, and the thirst for fulfilment of his duties before he was forced to abandon the Motherland because of political reasons. The conclusions emphasise the need to resolve the issue regarding the copying of the discovered archival documents at the intergovernmental level, scientific study of them, and their first publication in Ukraine.
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The article describes the impact of migration on the national security of Bulgaria. An analysis of the risks and threats related to the quantitative and qualitative parameters of illegal migration is made and various options, measures and means for its effective counteraction are considered. Illegal migration is a priority in the policies of all Member States and they work together to tackle illegal migrants. There will definitely be waves of migrants in the future until the conflict zone that gives rise to migration is controlled. Efforts must be made to end the military conflicts that are causing the waves of migration and to make targeted efforts to integrate immigrants into European civilization.
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In 1977 in Paris, the literary almanac «Аполлон-77» was published, the editor of which was a Russian painter and sculptor Mikhail Shemiakin. Among many works of writers banned in Soviet Russia, there were 20 poems of the “classic of Leningrad nonconformity” — Vladlen Gavrilchik (1929–2017). This article is an attempt to analyze them. Gavrilchik’s poems published in the Parisian almanac show his journey through the avant-garde literary tradition. Moreover, they prove that the artist pro- fusely draws from children’s folklore, skilfully uses flaws, irony and parody, evoking the laughter of his readers.
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In his article, Vasyl Pakharenko explores the logic of deepening literary interpretations of Taras Shevchenko’s image in the prose of the artist and discovers the differences of this image in poetry and prose. If the lyrical hero of the poetic texts demonstrates a determined, uncompromising nationalism, then the narrator in the diary and short stories is rather a territorial patriot. And yet, he thinks of himself as located in the socio-cultural space of the Russian Empire, expresses critical views on the Koliivshchina, resorts to the Russian language, emphasizes Enlightenment values, and demonstrates the masculine type of writing. All this testifies to the deviation from the romantic to the previous, classicist, tradition. That type of prose refinement is caused by the forced compromise of the artist with the empire in the conditions of brutal terror during the exile. There are several interpretations of such a position of an author in literary studies: Shevchenko’s diplomatic attempt to re-educate liberal Russian and Ukrainian intelligentsia (P. Zaitsev), psychological dualism of the “adapted” and “unadapted” personalities of the writer (G. Grabovich), distinctive forms of expression of the holistic image of the author (V. Smilyancka). Each of these positions has its own logic, but is characterized by a certain one-sidedness. The nature of Shevchenko’s compromise becomes clear if we take into account the peculiarities of carnival tactics of the spiritual survival of the artist in the conditions of the world. This is a creation of a kind of author’s mask, a game with stereotypes of the dominant culture and public consciousness.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of how emigrants from Russia to the United States understand the concept of "Motherland", as well as to the comparative analysis of the perception of the Motherland image by Russians and emigrants from Russia. The author plans to determine differences in the perception of Motherland by emigrants from Russians, and to hypothesize the reasons for the differences. Materials for writing the paper were: the results of semi-structured interviews conducted by a group of researchers, including the author of the paper, in Russia in 2015 and semi-structured interviews conducted in the USA in 2019. Both studies were conducted in one program, which allowed to compare the data. The author comes to the conclusion that Russians and emigrants from Russia absolutely agree in distinguishing between the concepts of "Motherland" and "state", ascribing different meanings to them. However, on other questions of the study, significant differences are observed. For Russians and emigrants who moved to the United States forcibly over the age of 30, a similar understanding of the homeland is observed: they demonstrate a more positive attitude to Motherland; in their opinion, a person must love his/her Motherland, which is explained by a direct analogy between the child’s attitude to mother and the relationship of a person to his/her Motherland. They believe that a person has a duty to take care of their Motherland. On the contrary, emigrants who moved to the United States by their own decision before the age of 30, and Russians who critically assess the political situation in modern Russia, demonstrate an instrumental attitude towards their Motherland. They do not accept the family analogy of relations with Motherland, and they regard the love of motherland as a free choice, and not an obligation. In this regard, relations with Motherland are considered from the perspective of a mutually beneficial exchange. The probable reasons for the difference of views may lie in the decision-making on the move itself, the initial attitude to Motherland, formed before the move, as well as the time of the move.
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The relevance of the presented study is due to the need to deepen the scientific analysis of the migration processes feminization in the Eurasian space and the lack of understanding of the extent and the soundness of the previous scientific research in the women‘s migration sphere. The article aims to identify the main research areas within the study of this phenomenon and to critically assess the depth of existing analyses of issues in the development of scientific discourse about it. The article reviews the literature and analyzes thematic publications on the problems of women‘s migration, systematizes disparate knowledge, and identifies trends in the development of scientific knowledge on this social problem. The authors point out that women‘s migration study mainstreaming can be explained by the change in the scale of female migration. The article describes the theoretical approaches used to analyze the feminization of migration, and identifies the most discussed scientific issues. These include theoretical and methodological problems of research; women‘s migration turnover, patterns and forms; factors, causes and consequences of the feminization of migration flows; problems faced by women due to the origin of migration and host countries. The article determines the areas for women‘s migration continuing research. These include adaptation of migrant women in host societies and re-adaptation in the countries of origin, their integration strategies, individual practices, identities, comparative studies of women‘s social status in the countries of origin and host societies, social health, social well-being and social attitudes, the impact of the feminization of migration on integration processes in the Eurasian space. It is important to focus more on the migration policies of receiving and sending countries, especially their social aspects, and to develop measures to overcome stereotypes in the fields of politics and governance, the labor market and the media. All this will contribute to a better understanding of the ongoing processes, the study of the interests, special needs and unique experience of women in migration processes, the impact of gender relations on decision-making in this area, and the use of resources.
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The post-World War One demarcation process in region of Banat, concerning Kingdom of SCS and Romania, two neighbouring countries and allies in the Great War, lasted six years (1918-1924). In the end, a compromise was made through mediation of allied France. Friendship convention signed in July 1921 contained the border protocol, according to which a mixed Yugoslav-Romanian commission worked from 1921 to 1923 on border-correction in Banat. One of the villages in disputed area was Čenej (present-day Cenei in Romania), where Yugoslav authorities were implementing agrarian reform on what used to be an estate of Hungarian nobleman Csavossy; local peasants in Čenej rose in revolt (the so-called “Čenej uprising” in May 1920), when the land was divided not only among local Serbian population, but among war volunteers from Lika who were colonized here in the meantime and became major competitors for once magnate land. Due to the rumours, that began in 1920, claiming that Čenej might fall into Romanian state proper, largely confirmed by the arrival of border-correction commission in Čenej in 1921, group of volunteers moved to a neighbouring colony of Rusko Selo. This colony had 6 volunteers from Banatian villages that had previously fallen to Romania, among these two from Čenej. Border correction process in Banat was acompagnied by various rumours and disturbance of people who lived in villages that were subjected to demarcation process. By the end of 1923, a Border Correction treaty was made, according to which 5 villages came to Yugoslav, and 13 to Romanian state proper; among these latter was Čenej. Evacuation of people from both Yugoslav and Romanian Banat came hand in hand with the evacuation of property, which caused protests on both sides. Pressured by evacuation and due to installation of new Romanian authority during 1924, total of 22 families moved from Čenej to Kingdom of SCS, finding new home near the new border in Banat, spanning from Srpska and Nemačka Crnja on the north to the outskirts of Veliki Bečkerek in the south.
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This article discusses the main potential threats of labor migration to Ukraine as identified on the basis of the author’s sociological research. The key factors of the labor migration problem for Ukraine are those relating to economic and demographic aspects, as well as the human capital. Having analysed the results of his sociological research, the author suggests that the number of labor migrants may continue to rise and that the country’s partial dependence on migrant labour may have negative consequences for the economic situation of Ukraine in the future.
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Проблем етничких промјена и миграција, што je предмет ове наше расправе, присутан je био на одређен начин и у покрету босанско-херцеговачких Муслимана за вјерску и вакуфско-меарифску аутономију. У нашој историографији придаван je, све донедавно, већи значај оном дијелу програма муслиманског аутономног покрета под аустроугарском окупацијом, који се односио на захтјеве за аутономијом вјерских и вакуфско-меарифских институција, као и питању мешихата, односно проблему односа исламске вјерске заједнице у Босни и Херцеговини према шејх-ул-исламу у Цариграду.
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