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Türkiye – Avrupa Birliği Geri Kabul Anlaşmasının Uygulanmasında Suriyelilerin Etkisi ve Rolü

Author(s): Sühal Şemşit,Didem Şahal Çelik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2020

The readmission agreement between Turkey and the EU came into force for the contracting parties’ citizens on 1 October 2014. The readmission of third country nationals and stateless people would start 3 years after it was signed. The Syrian migration movements brought a new dimension to the implementation of this agreement. Humanitarian tragedies in 2015 brought considerable change in EU’s security oriented migration policies and increased collaboration with Turkey in the migration management process. This situation required the EU to find a solution, including regulations on fighting against irregular migration and providing international protection along with cooperation with Turkey as a host country for the highest number of Syrians worldwide. As a result, 18 March Statement provides two pillar solution; the return of Syrian irregular migrants to Turkey, in exchange for the acceptance of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey to the EU. In this study, the efficiency of this solution will be evaluated within the framework of statistical data and the interviews conducted with different demographic groups of Syrians in Turkey.

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TÜRKİYE VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ARASINDA MÜLTECİ KRİZİ: MALİ YARDIM PROGRAMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Asuman Altay,Esin Aslanpay Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

It can be said that the most significant common problem that Turkey and the European Union have had since the beginning of the 21st century is irregular migration. This problem, which has deepened in recent years, is addressed in the context of human rights and identities as well as increasing fiscal and economic burdens. The waves of migration faced by Turkey not only create heavy fiscal pressure on the Turkish economy but also cause significant social problems. A financial assistance program has been put into practice to keep refugees, trying to reach EU countries illegally, in Turkey. Turkey claims that getting insufficient support under the program which is being implemented since 2015. Although, it is mentioned that remarkable steps have been taken in this regard by emphasizing strategic cooperation in the EU Commission report in 2019. In this study, the financial assistance program which has been developed within the context of the EU-Turkey statement on March 18th, 2016, was created to manage irregular migration between Turkey and the EU and to support the process financially is analyzed. According to the results, the funds provided within the scope of the program enabled the implementation of many projects for refugees in Turkey. However, it is seen that financial aid should increasingly continue to effectively manage and financially support the irregular migration process.

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Türkiye’de Almanlar ve Almancılar

Author(s): Sinan Zeyneloğlu,Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Her ne kadar Türkiye ve Almanya arasındaki nüfus hareketliliğinin HaçlıSeferlerine ve Osmanlı akıncılarına kadar geri götürülebilecek çok eski tarihselkökenleri olsa da, modern anlamda Türkiye’den Almanya’ya göçün tarihçesi 30Ekim 1961’de imzalanmış olan işçi değişimi antlaşması ile başlar. Bu tarihtenitibaren Almanya’da bulunan Türkiye kökenli nüfus sürekli olarak artış göstermiştir.Ancak yakın tarihte Türkiye göç veren bir ülkeden göç alan bir ülkeye dönüşmüştür(Kirişçi 2007; Parla 2007; Sirkeci vd. 2012a; Sirkeci & Zeyneloğlu 2014). BubağIamda Almanya’dan Türkiye’ye gerçekleşen göçün ayrıntılı bir analizi, özeldehangi nüfus gruplarının Almanya’dan Türkiye’ye yönelik bir hareketlilik içindebulundukları, bu çalışmanın inceleme konusudur. Bu çalışmada 1990 ve 2000 GenelNüfus Sayımlarının verileri kullanılmış olup1, bu şekilde zamansal odak 20. yüzyılınson bölümü olmuştur. 20. yüzyılın son on yılı için tespit edilen akımlarıngünümüzde de ana hatları itibarı ile artan boyutta geçerli oldukları varsayılmaktadır.

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Türkiye’de Mültecilerin Yaşadıkları Bölgelere Yönelik İnsani Yardım Lojistiği: Kızılay Örneği

Author(s): Yahya Fidan,Nazlıcan Dindarik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2020

Migration emerges as a human phenomenon and it is felt in every period of life. This concept brings to mind the conceptual status of refugees and asylum seekers. As the crisis in Syria has become severe, the people living there have had flee their country and become refugees in other countries. Turkey regarding this issue opted for an ‘open door policy’ opens the doors to Syrian refugees by establishing shelter centers, housing, nutrition, health, provide all kinds of support on issues such as security to the needy in several provinces. In the study, when the Syrian refugees are examined in terms of the country they visited, their rights and freedoms, the way of adaptation in terms of culture and language, socio-cultural and psychological status, the importance of these such factors will be taken in to account. In order for it a perfect example, information will be given on the logistics processes and the humanitarian aid organization will be discussed in light of the question of how Turkish Red Crescent manages the humanitarian logistics operations.

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TÜRKİYE’DE YASA DIŞI/DÜZENSİZ GÖÇMENLERİN İDARİ GÖZETİM ALTINDA TUTULMASI: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ TEMEL HÜKÜMLERİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Şeniz Anbarli Bozatay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 46/2020

In terms of target countries, illegal immigration, which means staying in a country or working in a country without having the necessary permits or documents, is making countries more difficult in terms of socio-economics, politics and law. In the face of this coercion, each country regulates its national legislation in accordance with international universal rules and standards. To edit policies in Turkey in the field of migration and manage migration more effectively in the years 2013 6458 No. Foreigners and International Protection Law was accepted. With the authorization granted by this law, the General Directorate of Migration Management was established within the Ministry of Interior. One of the duties of the institution is to monitor the developments related to irregular migration and take necessary measures within the framework of these developments. One of the outstanding issues related to illegal immigration and related measures are also administrative oversight in Turkey. In the study, the administrative immigration of illegal immigrants, the main problems encountered, the freedom and security of persons, the obligation of non-refoulement are evaluated within the context of the European Convention on Human Rights Law and national legislation.

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Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinde Farklı Sermaye Biçimlerinin Rolü

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Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinde Farklı Sermaye Biçimlerinin Rolü

Author(s): Suvat Parin,Ali Rıza Kılıç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship as a result of the migration process can be defined as the selfemployment of migrants within various relationships and contexts in the host country. Approximately four million Syrians who came to Turkey after the civil war that began in Syria in 2011 have been living in various cities in Turkey. While Syrian immigrants were waiting to return to their homeland, the civil war has been going on for more than ten years. This situation makes the desire of Syrian immigrants to stay in Turkey permanently, increased. In parallel with this trend, a significant increase is observed in migrant entrepreneurship activities in Turkey. In this context, this study aimed to explain how different forms of capital play a role in the processes of Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs’ transformation into business owners. The study aims to reach Syrian migrants who arrived in Turkey after the civil war in Syria that began in 2011 and who owned a business in the Esenyurt district. In this study, by using qualitative research methods and techniques, the experiences of Syrian migrant entrepreneurs are tried to be understood and interpreted. As a result of the study, it has been seen that different forms of capital play a role in different levels of the entrepreneurial activities of immigrants.

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Türkiye’nin Kitlesel Akınlar Deneyiminin Çatışma Modeli ve 3Ka Ekseninde Değerlendirilmesi

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Türkiye’nin Kitlesel Akınlar Deneyiminin Çatışma Modeli ve 3Ka Ekseninde Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci,Deniz Eroğlu Utku / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

Despite entering the international migration literature more recently, Turkey has long been an emigration and immigration country. International population movements to Turkey, especially movements at the end of the 19 century, was mostly by those who lost their houses because of the intensive conflicts happening in the origin countries. We discuss mass migrations to Turkey with reference to the Conflict Model of Migration. We argue that conflicts in places of origin are primarily important in mass migration movements. We look at the sources of conflict and insecurity classified into the 3Ds (Democratic Deficit, Development Deficit and Demographic Deficit) to explain human mobility. Thus, we argue that mass population movements that are often described as “sudden” and “unpredictable” can in fact be predictable if cumulative human insecurity factors are taken into account.

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Türkiye’nin uluslararası göç politikasına tarihsel bir bakış

Author(s): Yeliz Polat / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Being influenced by political, economic and social transformations taking place in the light of national and international developments, International immigration policy in Turkey restructures. The work in this context, the aims of this article are to be examined of transformation of international immigration policy applied in Turkey in the historical process, and to be intended to reveal of the periodic change in the immigration policy. International immigration policy of Turkey has been resolved taking into account legal, institutional, socio-cultural, housing and economic dimensions in a holistic and descriptive manner, with data obtained by the methods which are literature review and reading of legislation.

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TÜRKİYE’YE GÖÇ EDEN SURİYELİLERİN HUKUKİ STATÜSÜ

Author(s): Ali Çiçek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 48/2020

In this study, the legal status of Syrians who have migrated to Turkey will be discussed. The legal status of Syrians in Turkish law will be evaluated with relevant laws and regulations. Thus, we will talk about the wrong concepts regarding the legal status of Syrians in both academic and legal texts. Instead, it will be revealed which is the correct concept. To achieve this purpose, relevant laws and regulations will be examined.

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Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ve 16 Aralık 2013 Tarihli Vize Serbestisi Diyaloğu Mutabakat Metni ve Geri Kabul Anlaşması

Author(s): Derya Marancı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

With globalization, migration movements have intensified. Due to regional wars, economic and hunger, migration movements have increased from countries in the region to European countries through Turkey. This situation began to affect Turkey and European countries.In the first part of article migration theories, in the second part migration in Turkish and international law, in the third part, history of the relationship between Turkey-EU, EU migration policies in the fourth part and in the final chapter, Visa Liberalization Dialogue Memorandum and Readmission Agreement dated December 16, 2013 and approaches and conclusions related to other summits will be evaluated

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TÜRKİYE'DEKİ GENÇ SURİYELİ MÜLTECİLER İÇİN KİMLİK ve ENTEGRASYON SÜRECİ

Author(s): Alhassane BAH / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2022

This qualitative study will focus on the identity and integration process of young Syrian refugees, using the rhetoric of young refugees to focus on how migration routes can help them achieve their integration and development goals. identification. • Understand the impact of identity situations on the various social networks, in particular the current situation, school integration. The impact of family relationships on their immigration status, as well as peer relationship choices and future visions. In addition, the objective of this study is to better understand the reality of young refugees by analyzing their migratory trajectories and their identity processes of integration into the host society (in Turkish) and to describe identity strategies as refugees and the mobilization of refugees. Young people discover the identity process in different living spaces in Turkey. Interview data will reveal the uniqueness of the case. However, within the framework of the Immigration and Integration Project, trends have emerged, such as the painful immigration trajectories, the difficulties of Turkey's social and educational path, and the ability to overcome difficulties in the face of repeated constraints, and this article will consist of five main parts. Initially, this subject will focus on the contextualization of the research object through a review of the literature and the formulation of research questions. Next, the theoretical framework describes the theoretical concepts that form the basis of the research topic that the research objectives will follow. In a third step, the methodological framework will present the method chosen to answer the research question. Section 4 provides results by presenting the data. Finally, the last section will be the general conclusion of the article.

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Türkiye-Kazakistan İlişkileri

Author(s): İlker Limon / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Review of: Hasan Acar (Editör), “Türkiye-Kazakistan İlişkileri”, Nobel, Ankara, 2021, ISBN: 9786254399756

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UKRAINE AMIDST THE WAR: MAIN IMPLICATIONS

Author(s): Aram Terzyan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper explores the challenges that Ukraine faces during the Russian invasion, focusing on the political and economic implications of the war. Apart from the humanitarian crisis, the war has produced political, economic, and social tribulations, which must be addressed. The more stubborn the Ukrainian resistance becomes, the more likely Russia will implement more aggressive tactics. Ukraine has already acknowledged its inability to join the transatlantic alliance, and recent peace talks with Russia have become more realistic and plausible for its future. Early planning of post-war recovery gained significance against this backdrop, as it proved to be successful when led by ‘indigenous drivers’. While this approach placed local actors, institutions, and resources at its center, it also recognized the crucial role of external aid. This paper argues that the war is a ‘resilience test’ for European solidarity and the EU’s crisis management competency. This paper inquires into the challenges of Ukraine’s post-war recovery and concludes that national consolidation, along with Western solidarity, is critical to addressing the ‘Russian problem’ of Ukraine.

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Ukraine’s policy to control illegal migration

Author(s): Viktor Chumak,Natalia Shapovalova,Piotr Kaźmierkiewicz,Olha Shumylo / Language(s): English

This White Paper proposes an alternative, independent vision of state policy for controlling illegal migration in Ukraine. This is the final report from the “Improving the Implementation of Migration Policy by Disseminating EU Experience with Readmission Treaties” Project implemented by the International Centre for Policy Studies (Kyiv, Ukraine) and the Institute for Public Affairs (Warsaw, Poland), with support from the Embassy of the UK in Ukraine. This document also contains recommendations for institutional reform, legislative changes, and drawing on technical assistance, as well as proposals for specific polices and programs in migration control and border management. The report also proposes responses to challenges associated with signing a Readmission Treaty with the EU: recommendations on creating conditions for the detention of illegal migrants, ensuring them legal protection, and carrying out identification and expulsion procedures. Moreover, this paper also lays out reforms that are needed to improve the effectiveness of Ukraine’s migration policy: reforms in the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) and the judiciary.

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Ukrainian asylum seekers in Latvia: the circumstances of destination choice

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Ukrainian asylum seekers in Latvia: the circumstances of destination choice

Author(s): Zane Varpina,Kata Fredheim / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

Russian invasion in Ukraine in 2022 has created the biggest refugee crisis in Europe since WWII. Close to 7 million people have left the country as of August 2022 and figures keep growing. Latvia has accommodated a mere 36 thousand of them, but it exemplifies other smaller countries in the refugee flows. Patterns and factors of asylee destination decisions for less popular destinations have not been explored making one wonder what makes refugees deviate from the mainstream migration flows.We explore why and how Ukrainian war-displaced people have chosen Latvia using the narratives of Ukrainian displaced people who arrived in Latvia in early stages of the conflict. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with refugees in Latvia, we find that networks are the primary determinant of the choice to flee to Latvia. The closeness of kinship is not as important as the fact of having the contact as such, nor does it determine the level of support. Close or distant relatives and friends are the first instance to turn to for war-displaced civilians, while financial factors do not appear to be decisive. In the situation of acute displacement, the first asylee strategy is to seek support in kinship and other networks.

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Ukrainian Ethno-Cultural Centers in Almaty City and Almatinskaya Oblast: Current Situation and Challenges

Author(s): Daniil Litvin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2021

The ethnic Ukrainian population has been part of a multi-ethnic community of the Republic of Kazakhstan for a long time. After the period of emigration that occurred at the dawn of Kazakhstani independence, numerous ethno-cultural centers were created on the territory of Kazakhstan, becoming sources of empowerment and means of self-realization for various ethno-cultural communities in the Republic. This article indicates the role of Ukrainian ethno-cultural centers in Almaty city and Almatinskaya oblast in their threefold mission: support and maintaining of ethno-cultural identity of Ukrainians; realization of the Doctrine of National Unity of the Republic of Kazakhstan; and maintaining friendly relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The article is based on first-hand information about the day-to-day activity of ethno-cultural centers, including participatory observations and interviews with official representatives of those centers.

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UKRAINIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD RUSSIA BETWEEN 1991 AND 2004: THE START OF THE CONFLICT

Author(s): Stephen Adi‬ Odey,Samuel Akpan Bassey / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Akpan BasseyAfter the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine's foreign policy evolved in the geopolitical sphere of Central and Eastern Europe. As a result, the new Ukrainian interests were built on a sense of national identity. They looked to Russia and Europe to find a sense of national identity. However, Ukraine's Eurasian and Central-European ancestry caused a distinct rift in society about national identity, which influenced the formulation of foreign policy. Those trying to co-exist with Russia find it difficult to develop a Ukrainian identity completely different from Russia, justifying the togetherness through the Pereyaslav agreement. On the contrary, the nationalist-minded Ukrainians, those who want to cultivate an identity distinct from the Russians and, more specifically, look for a Central-European identity, try to influence the course of the foreign policy formation of Ukraine by citing their historicity of Europeanness with the medieval princedom of Kiev and viewing the Pereyaslav memory as disastrous for Ukraine’s independent existence. Thus, national identity is one of the main causes of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict. This study aims to uncover significant events in Ukrainian foreign policy toward Russia that led to modern-day conflict.

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Ukrainian Immigrants and Entrepreneurship Drain: Towards a Concept of Governance-Induced Migration

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Ukrainian Immigrants and Entrepreneurship Drain: Towards a Concept of Governance-Induced Migration

Author(s): Katarzyna Andrejuk / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2019

The article develops a concept of governance-induced migration, focusing on the aspect of migrant motivations that remains largely underexamined in current migration research. The wage differentials, family reasons, and availability of welfare benefits are often indicated as the aspects of the host state with a “magnetic” power of attraction. The article argues that other aspects of state development also may prominently influence the behaviour of immigrants and their readiness to settle in a receiving country. The case study presented here of Ukrainian migrant entrepreneurs in Poland (interviews with fifty-one respondents) demonstrates that their motivations for migration are more complex and diversified. They encompass not only the economic and family reasons but also the quality and efficiency of public institutions. Governance-induced migration is associated with the perception of the host state as more citizen-friendly, transparent, effective in ensuring safety, and providing an environment for development. The differences between Poland and Ukraine in the functionality of public institutions and the level of socio-political risks lead to enhanced migration flows and entrepreneurship drain from Ukraine.

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Ukrajinske izbeglice u Izraelu

Author(s): Karen Haber / Language(s): Serbian

Izbeglice iz Eritreje smo proglasili špijunima. Izbeglicama iz Sudana nismo dozvolili ulazak u Izrael, jer su na svom putu prešli više od jedne granice. O etiopskim Jevrejima koji beže od rata nismo ni razgovarali. A sada ukrajinskim izbeglicama odbijamo pravo na azil, jer bi njihovo useljavanje ugrozilo jevrejski identitet Izraela. Sve ovo je logično, jer judaizam je uvek naš glavni prioritet.

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Ukrayna'dan Toplu Göç Dalgasının Göç-Çatışma Modeli Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

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Ukrayna'dan Toplu Göç Dalgasının Göç-Çatışma Modeli Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Armağan Teke Lloyd,Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

This article employs the Conflict-migration model to shed light on the mass immigration from Ukraine that emerged in the context of Russian invasion by showing its connection with the past waves of immigration from the country. Ukraine can be described as an environment of insecurity since its independence, despite the heightened insecurity with the start of the Russian invasion. Ukraine witnessed several types of migration triggered by this environment including labour migration, ethnic resettlement, asylum seeking, internal displacement and student migration. Although these refer to differing categories in legal terms, they all involve a common underlying premise – that, they are all motivated by one or another form of human insecurity. According to the Migration-conflict model, human insecurity is formed at the intricate intersection of economic, social, political and cultural conflict situations. Although the recent Ukrainian migration has been introduced as a big crisis, from a conflict model, this migration can only be seen as a continuation of human insecurity, only being enhanced by the recent armed conflict. International migration from Ukraine, triggered by the democratic, economic and demographic deficits (3Ds), has in time expanded the social networks and the Ukrainian diaspora abroad. Immigration of Ukrainians in the context of Russian invasion were moderated by this existing culture of migration as well as by various types of capital including social, financial, human and physical capability (4Cs). Surely, the welcoming attitude of Europe, which was not displayed towards other refugee groups outside Europe, had made a distinctive contribution to the safe and fast exodus of Ukrainians.

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