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The purpose of this article is to provide an answer to the question of whether the provisions of article 697, paragraph (2) of the Civil Procedure Code institute a new case wherein the obsolescence of forced execution may intervene. Unlike the former civil procedure code, the new regulation of forced execution obsolescence imposes, as an essential premise for the triggering of lapse of the six months obsolescence term, the existence of a written request by the officer of the court addressed to the creditor, in view of performing an action or a intercession required by forced execution. In our opinion, the provisions of said article 697, paragraph (2) of the Civil Procedure Code do not institute a new case wherein the obsolescence of forced execution may intervene by merely regulates the situation of such obsolescence term lapse. For the obsolescence term to start lapsing, it is necessary for an officer of the court to ask the creditor to carry-out an action or an intercession. In the absence of such intercession, the obsolescence term does not lapse. By way of consequence, article 697, (paragraph (2) of the Civil Procedure Code does not determine an additional case wherein obsolescence may occur.
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The conditions demanded for a decision of a foreign court of law or another organ to be recognized or enforced in SFR Yugoslavia are discussed in, the paper. Those conditions are provided by the Law on conflict of laws with foreign countries in certain relations (Off. Gaz. of SFRY no. 43/1982.). The author is of opinion that when express legal provisions lack, it should be considered that the enforcement can take place when it is based on a decision posing obligation consisting in an act or omission, while the recognition is achieved for all other decisions. The author is critical towards the provision that reciprocity is one of the conditions demanded for recognition. He sticks with the authors who regard reciprocity as a retorsive measure. If reciprocity is not guaranteed that measure injustly offends a' person wishing to perform in SFR Yugoslavia a right based on a foreign decision. The author states that reciprocity, although being a legal principle, has many considerable exceptions. One of those consists in - the provision that reciprocity is not required in case when a Yugoslav citizen demands a recognition or enforcement of a foreign decision. The author discusses the meaning of the provision that the existance of reciprocity is presumed unless the opposite is proved. As for the capacity to demand recognition the author is of opinion that any person having a certain legal interest is entitled to demand it. In the conclusion the author is critical towards the authors of the legal text, who should have consecrated more provisions to the procedure of recognition of a foreign decision.
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The section contains a selection of the most important decisions from the Romanian Courts. The decisions are selected and commented by authors. The emphasis of this section resides in the ability of each author to comment upon a relevant case-law and to comment upon the legal issue brought by the court. The decisions are summarized and grouped by law subjects. The decisions present the situation in question, the procedures, the arguments brought by the parties and the pronounced solutions. Each decision contains a short commentary relating to the legal issue analyzed by the court.
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The section contains a selection of the most important decisions from the Romanian Courts. The decisions are selected and commented by authors. The emphasis of this section resides in the ability of each author to comment upon a relevant case-law and to comment upon the legal issue brought by the court. The decisions are summarized and grouped by law subjects. The decisions present the situation in question, the procedures, the arguments brought by the parties and the pronounced solutions. Each decision contains a short commentary relating to the legal issue analyzed by the court.
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The section contains a selection of the most important decisions from the Romanian Courts. The decisions are selected and commented by authors. The emphasis of this section resides in the ability of each author to comment upon a relevant case-law and to comment upon the legal issue brought by the court. The decisions are summarized and grouped by law subjects. The decisions present the situation in question, the procedures, the arguments brought by the parties and the pronounced solutions. Each decision contains a short commentary relating to the legal issue analyzed by the court.
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The section contains a selection of the most important decisions from the Romanian Courts. The decisions are selected and commented by authors. The emphasis of this section resides in the ability of each author to comment upon a relevant case-law and to comment upon the legal issue brought by the court. The decisions are summarized and grouped by law subjects. The decisions present the situation in question, the procedures, the arguments brought by the parties and the pronounced solutions. Each decision contains a short commentary relating to the legal issue analyzed by the court.
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The section contains a selection of the most important decisions from the Romanian Courts. The decisions are selected and commented by authors. The emphasis of this section resides in the ability of each author to comment upon a relevant case-law and to comment upon the legal issue brought by the court. The decisions are summarized and grouped by law subjects. The decisions present the situation in question, the procedures, the arguments brought by the parties and the pronounced solutions. Each decision contains a short commentary relating to the legal issue analyzed by the court.
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In its judgment of 6 July 2016, I OSK 1516/16, the Supreme Administrative Court ruled that proceedings initiated by the complaint referred in Art. 68 of the Act on Vehicle Drivers by a person subjected to a driving test is an administrative proceeding for the invalidation of the state driving test, which, pursuant to Art. 72 Clause 1 of the Act on Vehicle Drivers, should be concluded by an administrative decision. This means that the test taker has the right to challenge the conduct of a driving test in jurisdictional administrative proceedings, because he or she is entitled to initiate proceedings for its invalidation. It is a new, precedent-setting and favorable view for the examinee. Although it is also socially significant, because it concerns a common matter, it is impossible to agree with it, because in accordance with the intention of the legislator, the examinee is not entitled to initiate such proceedings. He or she only can signal in the complaint procedure specified in Section VIII of the Act of 14 June 1960 the Code of Administrative Procedure to the voivodeship marshal the need to initiate such proceedings ex officio.
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Przedmiotem niniejszej glosy jest analiza wyroku Sądu Okręgowego w Warszawie z dnia 12 maja 2022 r. (XVII AmA 61/21). Wyrok ten został wydane na skutek apelacji wniesionej przez Agorę od decyzji Prezesa UOKiK (DKK-1/2021) zakazującej koncentracji polegającej na przejęciu kontroli nad Eurozet przez Agorę. Wyrok ten jest ciekawy zwłaszcza ze względu na jego dogłębną ana- lizę przesłanek występowania kolektywnej pozycji dominującej, skutków skoordynowanych oraz ciężaru dowodu w sprawach z zakresu prawa konkurencji, a w szczególności kontroli koncentra- cji. Glosa w dużej mierze aprobująco odnosi się do wywodu SOKiK w sprawie oraz z uznaniem ocenia klarowność i kompleksowość uzasadnienia, w ramach którego SOKiK nie uchylał się od dokonania kompleksowej analizy o charakterze ekonomicznym i rynkowym.
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Glosa dotyczy wyroku Sądu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów wydanego w sprawie Orlen/Polska Press. Omówiono w niej również wydane w ww. sprawie decyzje Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów, a także odwołanie od decyzji Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich. Glosa obejmuje głównie zagadnienia dotyczące możliwości uwzględnienia przesłanek pozaekonomicznych w ramach oceny planowanej koncentracji.
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Artykuł porusza problematykę tzw. zabójczych przejęć w świetle orzeczenia Illumina/Grail v. Komisji. Autorzy artykułu wyjaśniają na czym polegają trudności związane z tzw. zabójczymi przejęciami (przede wszystkim w kontekście wydanego wyroku), opisują stan faktyczny analizowanej sprawy, przedstawiają najistotniejsze założenia nowych wytycznych Komisji Europejskiej w przedmiocie stosowania art. 22 rozporządzenia 139/2004, a także przedstawiają swoje krytyczne uwagi odnoś- nie do orzeczenia zapadłego w sprawie Illumina/Grail v. Komisji. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problematykę tzw. zabójczych przejęć w świetle nowego podejścia Komisji Europejskiej i na potencjalne problemy, które przedsiębiorcy mogą napotkać w tym zakresie.
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Niniejsza glosa dotyczy wyroku TSUE z 9 września 2021 r. C-144/20 w sprawie LatRailNet i Latvijas dzelzceļš, dotyczącego kompetencji organu regulacyjnego do określania opłat za dostęp do in- frastruktury kolejowej, w tym w szczególności w zakresie uprawnienia organu regulacyjnego do przyjęcia z własnej inicjatywy decyzji zobowiązującej przedsiębiorstwo wykonujące podstawowe funkcje zarządcy infrastruktury kolejowej do wprowadzenia zmian do systemu pobierania opłat za infrastrukturę.
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M. Römeris became an ad hoc judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the case of interpretation of the Statute of the Memel Territory. He devoted a lot of pages to this case in his diaries. In them, the lawyer reveals the details of the trial. Due to the abundance of material, this study consists of a cycle of four articles: „The Origin of the Case and Preparation for the Court“; “In the Permanent Court of International Justice“; „In the Permanent Court of International Justice: Judgment“; „Court, Judges, after Returning to Lithuania“. The title of entire series of articles is „The Case of Interpretation of the Statute of the Memel Territory in the Diaries of M. Römeris“. In this article, we present a story about individual judges’ notes on the first four questions of the complaint, preliminary changes of opinion on the fifth and sixth questions of the complaint, and the final decision of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the case of the interpretation of the Statute of the Memel Territory.
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