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Комуникативно-тренинговите модели в обучението по реторика
The article is motivated by the idea of developing practical rhetoric as an area of modern rhetorical knowledge. It has been argued that the field of applied rhetoric reflects both the traditions and continuity and the new manifestations of the science of persuasion. The high effectiveness of the application of communicative-training models in the contemporary study of rhetoric is analyzed. The main methodological tool – rhetorical exercises, with their inherent variety of forms and functionality, are the intersection of ancient traditions and modern perspectives and show the strong connection between rhetorical classics and the new manifestations of the science of persuasive communication.
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Prosocial communication defined as interaction during which the aim is to protect the dignity of the other person even in cases of conflict and to act prosocially falls into the focus of the current material. It presents the definitions of prosocial behavior and prosocial communication and the attempts to operationalize prosocial communication. Alongside this theoretical overview the material discusses ideas and approaches to training of professionals, in this case medical staff, in communication skills and prosociality. The training methods are based on the principles of experiential learning.
More...Реторически модели, използвани при работен семинар за повишаване ефективността на бизнес комуникацията в екипа на компанията
Corporate culture is a symbiosis between the mission, vision, and values of a company. This article reveals the rhetorical models used in the implementation of a workshop to improve the effectiveness of business communication within the company team. Increasingly used as a major tool for increasing the popularity of Employer Branding, corporate culture is becoming a prerequisite for sustainable development. It is the basis of corporate communication and uses proven rhetorical techniques to achieve a balanced and successful communication with the organization’s internal and external audiences.
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This article analyzes basic verbal techniques and strategies in political and business negotiations. Negotiations can take place differently. A universal recipe for negotiating behavior cannot be stated. In summary, it is worth mentioning that negotiations that are pragmatic when the parties are not digging into their own positions but looking for alternative options and applying compromise options are positive. In order for negotiations to be successful, several basic rules relating to advance preparation must be observed. There is a need to carefully diagnose the situation, determine the negotiator’s goals, and assess the goals of the other party.
More...Някои реторически и комуникационни аспекти
This study aims to review some of the rhetorical and communication aspects of live online streaming. The format is used by the Prime Minister in his car journeys, in which he broadcasts live conversations with his car, documents his work day, records his business visits and meetings. The study’s hypothesis is that live online streaming has greater rhetorical, communication, media and PR potential, can be persuasive, a political influence, and has many advantages over traditional forms of public communication.
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The following research focuses on the development of the cultural dialogue between Bulgaria and Greece through researching and analysing of virtual rhetoric and oratory in cultural meetings held by the association “Aristotle – cultural bridge”. The aim is to follow the rhetorical practices of this association, which serves as a cultural and spiritual centre, used in order to build a cultural bridge between the two countries. Moreover a bridge which serves as link for good ideas aimed at a common constructive collaboration between them. The conclusion at the end of this research is that any successful intercultural dialogue is a complicated process, which requires a wide range of rhetorical skills and techniques in order for each to effectively breakthrough into the culture of the other. The mutual understanding and discovering of Bulgaria and Greece is done through the historical and contemporary societies in which the people of both nations form the multicultural plateau of the Balkans, with their language, habits and traditions.
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The aim of the rhetorical analysis of David Černý’s art installation “Entropa: stereotypes and barriers to be demolished” is to answer the following the questions: What is the rhetorical situation? What is the audience it addresses? Who is the author? What is the purpose of the visual rhetorical message? In what genre can the art installation be placed? What visual images and visual argumentation are used to achieve the purpose? What is the effect and how did the audience respond to Černý’s installation? The specific interdisciplinary scientific field of the relation between rhetoric and neoavantgarde art is the background against which we analyze the creation as well as the setting in which the art installation is perceived and interpreted as visual political rhetorics.
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The article presents and analyzes poorly researched and deliberately taboo questions and cases of the phenomenology of training methods and techniques. Some discrete relationships and dependencies between different – synchronous or diachronic – epoch
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This report aims to introduce to the audience the practical application of the ancient rhetorical exercises of encomium and ethopeya, which are an important part of a speaker’s training and education, a way to upgrade his personality, to acquire specific and essential qualities that are fundamental for every successful speaker. These rhetorical exercises are of great use to this day in the media and in other spheres of society, which are a practical and creative tool for shaping a orator’s speech, putting it into practice in front of an audience, developing particularly key rhetorical skills, and helping the personality of the speaker to grow up.
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The elevator pitch (also known as elevator speech) is a widely used communication tool in a business context. The elevator pitch is a micropresentation: a short, direct, engaging and approachable speech, specifically adapted to the audience and the situation in which it is delivered. The current article reviews the persuasive characteristics of the elevator speech through the prism of the science of Rhetoric. The text emphasizes the different types of arguments used in an elevator speech, together with the characteristics of nonverbal communication to make an elevator pitch persuasive and effective.
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In this paper we discuss about cathegory of style marks in literary text. This cathegory was primarly noted in linguistic stylistics and reffers to the status of one linguistic element which is in deflection of the grammatical norm of some language. Her application and formalization in literary stylistics are in the middle of some very problematic points which we discuss in this paper. After discussion of legitimity and possibility of this analytical method in literary stylistics, we propose theoretical model in which we redefine this cathegory and use it in analysis of literary text. Theoretical and methodological frame of this paper is based on linguistic stylistics, literary stylistics, poetics, stylistic critic and estehtics.
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It is often said that Paul’s letter to the Galatians can be analysed according to Greco-Roman rhetoric and epistolography. This possibility raises the whole question of Paul’s relationship to the rhetorical and literary disciplines and culture, a question which I adequately discuss in the very first chapters. The final part of my paper contains my original point of view, providing a criticisms of German scholar Hans Dieter Betz’s rhetorical commentary of the epistle, which I find it very unappropriated. Indeed, neither a judicial nor a deliberative nor a demonstrative type of speech would have been appropriate here, as Saint Paul is neither addressing a court of law from which he expects a verdict at the end. I post here that it is not surprising that the categories of ancient rhetoric fail us with respect to the structure of this epistle, because it is an epistle, and they were not made nor meant to fit such kinds of composition.
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In diesem Aufsatz wird am Beispiel der Urkunden der Fürsten von Rügen untersucht, wie Arenga und visueller Eindruck zum Zweck der Herrschaftsrepräsentation eingesetzt wurden. Dafür wurden sowohl die edierten Urkunden als auch in Archiven aufbewahrte Originale betrachtet. Die fürstliche Kanzlei von Rügen wird als exemplarischer Fall für die Entwicklung der pragmatischen Schriftlichkeit in Ostmitteleuropa genommen, und zwar zu einer Zeit, als in dieser historischen Region die Verwendung fürstlicher Urkunden dramatisch expandierte. Urkunden waren im Europa des Mittelalters mehr als nur rechtliche Dokumente: Sie hatten auch eine symbolische Funktion in der Darstellung von Herrschaft. Es wird hier argumentiert, dass in der Forschung zur Herrschaftsrepräsentation durch Urkunden bislang der Standpunkt der Empfänger zu wenig berücksichtigt worden ist. Die Kontextualisierung der Belege legt nahe, dass Empfänger auf die Ausgestaltung von Arengen und visuellen Mitteln Einfluss nehmen konnten.
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Mankind who loves life from the first moment of being becomes more attached to life with the increasing number of other people he meets and connects with as he gets older. However, the old age, which informs the end of the life, which is celebrated with the close relations of parents, son and grandchildren and the separation is getting closer, resembles late afternoon and late autumn. The period of old age, which heralds the dark night and cold winters, expresses a sad period in terms of the enthusiastic human nature with the desire to survive. The phenomenon of old age is one of the themes of literature that draws attention from emotional intensities. In almost every language literature, the old age, which is mentioned with self-complaint, is one of the subjects that are frequently studied especially in Arabic literature. Almost all of the great poets of classical Arabic literature spoke of old age.
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The Vespers attracted the interest of many church composers and were – apart from the Mass – the second most frequently chosen service text. The musical setting of this part of officium divinum became richer in the course of time, especially in the monastic rite. The Vespers of Jasna Góra were of special nature since the prayer of the monks was accompanied by the Pauline monastery music ensemble. Its repertoire included works by composers connected with Częstochowa, who were instrumentalists or kapellmeisters in the monastery. The article presents seven composers connected with Jasna Góra in the 1700’s. The material was analyzed in terms of the relationship between the liturgical text and the musical setting, which was the very core of the 18th century art of composition. The musical works studied show features characteristic for the music of early Classical period, at the same time retaining some elements typical of the Baroque rhetoric. The Vespers of Jasna Góra are valuable evidence of Polish cultural heritage – one of the few preserved works of this kind.
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Liturgical music in the first millennium was first of all cantillation, reciting liturgical texts with musical formulae and phrases to express structure and meanings of a text. With the means of spoken language a cantor had to give all informations of reading or prayer. Two elements are basic for a good recitation: Accent and articulation. All the types of cadences are acoustic punctuation marks. The oldest neumes had to serve for these rules of language. The monk Hartker was according to the tradition the scribe of a prominent antiphoner about the year 1000. In reality this manuscript had four main scribes and a lot of additional hands. All of them have followed the principle of expressing liturgical theology by means of music like accent and articulation. The examples presented show, how the scribes have understood the texts, which words in an antiphon served as key words, which theological aspects were important for them. This is a school of prayer according to the principle of logiké latreia, praying with intellect and spirit and emotion. Hartker is the aggiornamento of the bible in the 10th century.
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According to Alkinoos, Didaskalikos — being a part of Plato’s doctrine — in fact seems to be a display of a Middle Platonism philosophy. Therefore, it imports a lot from the philosophers of the prior period. This paper deals with the impact of Aristotle’s and Xenocrate’s ideologies on Alkinoos’s interpretation of Plato’s philosophy. It attempts to show that the way Alkinoos classifies philosophies, types of living, the syllogistics and judgement, as well as most of his theology and ethics, is clearly of Aristotelian origins. Also, the terminology adapted by Alkinoos, his interpretation of cosmological terms, epistemology and the issue of God, as well as the theory of idea as a God’s thought, seem to be derived directly from Xenocrate’s concepts. Taking into account the impact of, for example, Antiochus of Ascalon, Philo of Alexandria, Arius Didymus or Posidonius, it seems plausible that Middle Platonism might be a further step in the evolution of philosophical thought.
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This paper presents a comparison between to-bearing relative clauses, adverbials and interrogatives on the one hand, vs. their to-less variants on the other, and discusses the functions associated with the presence of to. It is argued that at least three different instances of to should be distinguished. One converts relative clauses into appositive ones, which are necessarily semantically connected to the matrix clause and it makes the semantic connection override even apparent lack of appropriate syntactic connection. It attaches to relativizers, including gdzie ‘where’ and kiedy ‘when’ relative clauses. It is argued that the same segment is present in adverbials, triggering a factitive presupposition, as is the case of appositive relatives generally. The second to links the content of a kind relative, an adverbial or a wh-interrogative to previous contexts, possibly triggering a pragmatic presupposition. The third converts standard wh-interrogatives into either rhetorical or thetic questions. It is argued that while in the third instance we are dealing with a separate word and in the second with a clitic, the first to, hitherto unidentified or possibly falsely identified in relevant literature, appears to have both some characteristics of a clitic and of an affix.
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To what extent do Euroskeptic parties in Eastern and Central Europe have viable alternatives to the European Union and the broad basket of liberal policies promoted by the EU? In recent years, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has used his overwhelming parliamentary majorities to chart a partially new course, and this article inventories one aspect of this new course. The article asks whether Hungary can gain any potential benefits from closer links to China as a partial replacement for resources that might not be available (or that might be lost) from its more conventional European partners to the west. Orbán has often justified both radical constitutional change and economic nationalism as powerful medicines to push back against Hungary’s vulnerability at the hands of its foreign and domestic enemies. In this context, China emerged as both a potential source of new revenue and rhetorical trope that seemed to fit in a broader Fidesz discourse of an “Eastern opening.” This article makes a first attempt to separate rhetoric and reality. It first explores how the ongoing consolidation of illiberalism in Hungary has now also sparked a geopolitical repositioning through the “Eastern opening” during Fidesz’s second term. Second, it seeks to understand the theoretical proposition that new sources of external funding—including FDI and government bond purchases—can help enable a state to execute such a broad geopolitical shift. To do so, it develops empirical material from the fascinating Hungarian efforts to position themselves as a major beneficiary of Chinese engagement with Europe. The article concludes that Orbán’s policies have indeed been broadly consistent with his party’s new rhetoric, but it also concludes that the amount of Chinese investment is, in aggregate, still modest to date.
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