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Інформаційне супроводження Pосійської гібридної агресії в Донбасі (2014-2016)

Author(s): O.V. Kurban / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

Purpose of Research. The article highlights the problems of research developments in the Donbass Russian aggression (2014-2016) in terms of rules and technologies of information warfare in online social networks. The facts clearly show the specific features and rules of the modern hybrid war at the third stage.Methodology. The research methodology consists of retrospective, historical and logical methods and methods of analysis and synthesis. The present theoretical and methodological approach makes it possible to analyse specific processes that have been interpreted in different ways in legal information field, at national and international levels. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty is the fact that it is the first attempt to analyse the informational system component of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war in the Donbass, which actively covered in all available mass media, particularly online social networks. Conclusions. The summary of facts and analysis of events that have occurred in recent years in the occupied territories of Donbass Russia are very important for our country and society in general, and specifically to the relevant government agencies who have to take care of national security.

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ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КУЛЬТУРНА БЕЗПЕКА УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ «ГІБРИДНОЇ ВІЙНИ»

Author(s): Evgen Mykolayovych Manuilov,Olena Viktorivna Prudnykova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2017

Studied the essential characteristics of information and cultural Ukraine security. It is alleged that the higher the level of information culture of society that opposes aggression, the less chance the enemy to win the «hybrid warfare». This ratio is because the aggressor is trying to influence the cultural, legal, political and value foundations of society and the individual, his aim is to distort a person’s world with the help of the media. There are very important characteristics during the «hybrid warfare» such as information culture capacity for critical thinking, skills comparison and selection of information, search for sources of information and so on. Determined the main threats for the information and cultural security of our country. It is noted that the main threat to national security information – a threat to the impact on the other side of the country information infrastructure, information resources, society, consciousness, subconscious personality to impose the desired state (for another side) of values, attitudes, interests and decisions in vital areas of public and state activities, manage their behavior and development in the desired direction for another party. Shown the correlativity of information culture and establishment of information security Ukraine in a «hybrid warfare». Proved that the Ukraine information and cultural opposition during the «hybrid warfare» has a value-civilizational nature when the values of «western» and «eastern» worlds factually collide. In the course of this struggle objectively transformed the nature and character of information culture, it becomes more militant, politicized, critical media and its increasingly entering the public debate, participate in civic events and so on. It is concluded that the level of information culture during the «hybrid warfare» causes social activity of man, its civic and political position.

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ІНФОРМАЦІЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВЕДЕННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ГІБРИДНИХ ВОЄН

Author(s): Olha Balynska,Roman Blahuta,Zinaida Zhyvko / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

Information is an effective means of warfare. In the context of hybridization of military strategies, it must be recognized as one of the most powerful, and perhaps even the only profitable, means (there is no need to spend money to buy equipment and keep the military). A negative information impact, aimed at undermining the morale of the army and the patriotic sentiment of the population, can do much more damage to the state than a numerically and technically stronger enemy army. The main illustrative material in the article is the hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine. The events of the Euromaidan, the Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of Crimea and the escalation of violence in the Donbas, which grew into a full-scale armed conflict, demonstrate that this hybrid war is not so much about the occupation of Ukrainian territories as the desire to undermine the governance structure in the state from within, to suppress the will of the Ukrainians to resist.

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ІСТОРІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ СТАТУСУ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ЯДЕРНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ТА ДЖЕРЕЛОЗНАВЧИЙ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Inna Pilipenko,Anna Banzeruk,Alexander Zlenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of the article is to answer an historically important question that is relevant in modern Ukrainian society - was it possible to maintain the status of a nuclear state for Ukraine? Find out the possible prospects for maintaining the status of Ukraine as a nuclear state, having studied the historical and source study aspects of the problem. Materials and methods. The regulatory framework of the study is the statement of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “On the Nuclear-Free Status of Ukraine”, The Law of Ukraine “On Ukraine’s Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1, 1968” dated November 16, 1994, and the Memorandum on Security Guarantees in Connection with Ukraine’s Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of November 5, 1994 and others. The study uses methods of fundamental analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization. Scientific novelty. The main aspects of the nuclear disarmament of Ukraine are investigated. The possibility of an alternative to its nuclear disarmament is being examined, as well as the voluntary renunciation of Ukraine’s nuclear potential is being analyzed. Conclusions. In society and among “young” politicians, the view is spread about the fallacy of denuclearization. The then internal and external problems of Ukraine do not seem very critical now. The leaders of Ukraine in the 1990s consider nuclear disarmament inevitable and agree to recognize only tactical miscalculations. The theoretical possibility of holding and developing nuclear weapons in Ukraine should be recognized as highly probable. Economic and potential allowed this. But foreign policy pressure, primarily from the United States, made this impossible. The Ukrainian leadership was not able to realize all the chances that history provided us, and it was more profitable to convert the renunciation of nuclear weapons into economic and political benefits.

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Један војнички дневник из времена аустријске опсаде Београда (1688)

Author(s): Vladimir Abramović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

The Austrian victories in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) sparked interest throughout Europe for the regions conquered from the Ottoman Empire. This was manifested in numerous books, brochures and proclamations, that sought to introduce readers to the history and geography of the Danube area, Pannonia and Balkans. This article aims to examine the anonymous soldier’s diary from the campaign of 1688, which ended with capturing of Belgrade, one of the most important fortresses of the Ottoman Empire. This manuscript has until now been unpublished and unknown in Serbian historiography. The diary is partly motivated by the author’s desire to convey image of the areas in which he fought and to preserve its description for the „new generations“. Therefore, this manuscript isn’t only a classical diary; it has features of travelogue or itinerary. The author’s personality remains unknown to us. We can only deduce that he was inhabitant of Franconia, and that he spent two years in the service of count Heinrich Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, before he joined ranks of the army. The author devotes only sporadic attention to purely military matters, but nevertheless the information regarding discipline, marching tempo and customs prevalent in the late 17th century Austrian army can be gauged. However, the manuscript informs us more generously of the living and dietary habits of the local population; furthermore it is an eyewitness testimony of the diversity of vegetation and crops in the Danube and Belgrade area.

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Јединице V армије војске Краљевине Југославије у Априлском рату (8–9. Априла 1941)

Author(s): Miloš Žikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2015

By the “R-41” war plan the 5th Yugoslav Army had the task to defend the 400 kilometer-long front on the Bulgarian and Romanian border from the village Žeravino (near Kriva Palanka) to the village Brnjice on the Danube river (east of Golubac), with the goal of providing the necessary time for the armies on the northern and northeastern front to withdraw. Due to great length of the front, the Army had to put all available forces on the border, which took cordon disposition and left without any reserve. The main German attack took place on 8 April 1941 in the direction of Niš, when the 1st Armored Group (the 11th Armored, the 294th Infantry, and the 4th Mountain Division) attacked the Yugoslav “Toplica” Division. After breaking through the front, the Germans continued advancing, and in the next few days captured Niš and penetrated the valley of Velika Morava, surrounding left-flank units of the 5th Army, while troops from its right flank were withdrawing to the west. The Yugoslav High Command tried to stabilize the southeastern front by reinforcing the 5th Army with the 2nd Cavalry Division, which was on the march to the 6th Army, and then with “Cer” Division from the strategic reserve. These units, together with various remaining elements of the 5th Army, managed to form a new defensive line and close all avenues of approach which led to the valley of Zapadna Morava. However, despite a brave and strong resistance, these units shared the destiny of other formations of the Yugoslav Army: after capitulation, their soldiers were disarmed and marched into captivity.

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Југословенске дипломате и службеници на Дунаву у вријеме сукоба Југославије са Информбироом

Author(s): Milan Gulić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

After the passing of the Resolution of the Informbureau a perceptible deterioration of the relations between socialist countries set in. The change in relations was felt to a large degree on the Danube. Between 1948 and 1953 the position of Yugoslav diplomats and officials in the Danube Commission and the Iron Gate Administration, but also in the ship agencies, was extremely difficult. Constant surveillance, checking of documents, searches, preventing of reception of written materials from home country, expulsions etc. became frequent forms of pressure. During 1949 and 1950 the Yugoslav shipping agencies in Romania, Bulgaria and the USSR were closed down and their officials expelled. The situation in the sector of the Iron Gate was particularly difficult because it comprised the border zone of two countries, and was at the same time, the most difficult part of the Danube for navigation. A considerable number of Yugoslav officials was expelled from Orsova that was the seat of the Temporary' Committee directing the Iron Gate administration. The Yugoslav Permanent Delegation with the Temporary Committee headed by permanent delegate Velizar Ninčić. left Or§ova in September 1949. The situation on the Danube changed drasticly after death of Joseph Visarionovich Stalin.

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Филозофско контекстуисање (пост)хашке истине

Author(s): Slobodan Nagradić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Приказ/Review: Зоран Арсовић, Оно што након Хага остаје, Арт принт, Бања Лука, 2010.

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ФИНАНСИРАНЕТО НА ТЕРОРИЗМА

Author(s): Anton Stankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article provides statistics related to some terrorist attacks that have been committed during the past few years and which have necessitated the unification of all countries in the efforts to prevent and detect actions by natural persons, legal persons, groups and organizations that are directed at financing terrorism. A brief overview of the main known sources of terrorist financing is provided - through voluntary donations, deductions from traders, production of raw opium, arms trade and smuggling.

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ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ КУРСУ «ФІЛОСОФІЯ» В ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ЗА УМОВ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Author(s): Kateryna Mykhaylivna Kyrylenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2022

The purpose of the article is to analyse the trends in activities by academic and teaching personnel of "Philosophy" course as a general subject to students of non-philosophical specialties, on the formation of Ukrainian identity among students of the first (bachelor's) level of tertiary education in the conditions of the current russia’s war against Ukraine. The article states that there is a rapidly growing demand for a systematic understanding of the phenomenon of Ukrainian identity in the Ukrainian society, so tertiary education institutions should develop effective ways of forming Ukrainian identity among their students. The results of the work of the Department of Philosophy and Pedagogy of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (KNUK&A) on the formation of Ukrainian identity in the process of "Philosophy" course teaching during the war between russia and Ukraine and the imposition of martial law in Ukraine are highlighted. The article affirms that teaching the "Philosophy" course is a powerful resource for generating the foundations of forming Ukrainian identity in the prospective university graduate. The full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine proved that the lecturer of the tertiary education institution should not only provide high-quality subject-professional training for the prospective graduate, but also find a proper place for the formation of Ukrainian identity during the educational process. The research methodology is based on the application of such general scientific methods as observation and generalisation, analysis, and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the research consists in familiarising the educational community with the work experience of the Department of Philosophy and Pedagogy of KNUK&A on the formation of Ukrainian identity among students during the "Philosophy" course in wartime. Conclusions. It was found that the way of forming a stable Ukrainian identity among students, important areas of the lecturer's educational and methodological work include the analysis of the concepts of "national identity", "individual", "collective", "conscious", "unconscious", and "fragmentary" identity in global intellectual studies and Ukrainian socio-political discourse; coverage of approaches to the interpretation of the Ukrainian national idea as the core of Ukrainian identity, debunking the myths of Russian propaganda, discussion with students of currently important topics; creating in the educational space an atmosphere of soft conviction in the need to build a Ukrainian-speaking social space; and the involvement of modern Ukrainian-language content in the educational process.

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Француска и Србија и рат за уједињење Италије

Author(s): Uroš Tatić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

By the end of February 1859 Prince Miloš decided to send his son Prince Mihailo to Paris to express his appreciation to Napoleon III for his benevolent attitude as well to ask for his further support. Above everything else, he was supposed to find out whether the Austrian – Italian conflict would reopen the Eastern question. During Prince Mihailo stay in Paris attitudes of French statesmen proved to be ambivalent in regard of the policy which should be pursued towards the various nations in Danube basin. Prince Mihailo was in two occasions received in audience by Emperor Napoleon who was very inclined towards the Serbian tendencies.

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Фундаментализам – фанатизам – тероризам

Author(s): Radoslav Gaćinović,Vladan P. Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

The connection between: fundamentalism, fanatical behavior and actions and terrorism are correlative. Fundamentalists are turning to sources of faith: usually they are a rigid dogmatic – fanatic dedicated to „faith-what-it-is“. Unwilling to compromise, fundamentalists are excluded from the environment in which he lives. Time turns into a fanatic who is associated with similar yourself. Among these individuals brings forth the need to „take action“ – to act in order to save the world from evil secular order. They come together in small groups – organizations of the fanatics. Acts of violence were the most radical act of their political extremism. Object which are suffering in recent times, almost as a rule, civilian casualties. In recent times the religious terrorists due, to the availability of modern technology, more and more often appearing as lonely individuals. They were even more difficult to trace, but the discovery of such terrorist acts real small feats, in which engage significant: human, technical and financial resources.

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Характеристика мирного договора в религиозно-правовых разработках ранних арабо-мусульманских ученых

Author(s): Z.A. Chomaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2018

The development and formation of the Arab-Muslim diplomatic system were studied. In particular, the features of drawing up peace treaties and agreements and their religious and legal support were described in detail. It was suggested that the early Arab-Muslim scholars used different methods, approaches, and attitudes to peace treaty creation. However, this fact does not exclude the penetration of elements borrowed from other developed civilizations of that era into the Arab environment. Notably, the diplomatic system of the Arabs in the early period of Islam developed quite dynamically. Muslim scientists formulated the universal rules for behavior of the ruler with the enemy both during the war and peace negotiations. A number of demands were made to the representative of Muslims and to the structure of the Treaty itself. However, despite the good level of religious and legal training of early Muslim scholars, they were unable to reach consensus on many issues. Thus, the works of Muslim scholars differ both in the methods and approaches to the problem and in the final conclusions.

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ЦИКЛИЧНЕ ТЕОРИЈЕ И ДРУШТВЕНИ СУКОБИ

Author(s): Marica N. Šljukić,Srđan Lj. Šljukić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

As one of the theories of social change, cyclic theory has not been a part of mainstream sociology. However, this does not mean that the ideas of the representatives of cyclic theory should be completely neglected and forgotten. In this paper the authors attempt to present and compare the views of P. Sorokin, A. Toynbee and O. Spengler on social conflicts, focusing on four issues: definition and classification of social conflicts, internal social conflicts (especially war), internal conflicts and the possibility of eliminating conflicts. In this comparative analysis, the emphasis is not only on sociological knowledge, but also on the ability of self-reflection and openness towards a view that is not “purely” sociological.

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Црно-бијела слика пропаганде: Сребреница, 12. април 1993. године

Author(s): Milena Mihaljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2022

Since propaganda is defined as an effort to manipulate other people’s beliefs and behavior, it is clear that the use of propaganda methods was practically inevitable during the war. On the basis of accessible archive materials and relevant literature, this paper analyzes examples of the use of black and white propaganda in the cases of two incidents that happened on April 12, 1993, in Srebrenica. The methods of the mentioned propaganda types, based on the veracity of the information on the one hand, and manipulations on the other, may have a long-term impact on historical memory and historiography. The first example is related to the event in which 11 police officers, members of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Srpska, were killed on April 12, 1993. This event is used to show the cruelty of the enemy soldiers. Without a doubt, it was presented to the public by the white method of propaganda because the newspaper article related to the event did not tend to exaggerate the factual situation. Because of that, as well as because of some obvious shortcomings of the propaganda activities during the state of war, this event was neither covered much by the domestic and foreign press nor mentioned in the reports of the United Nations. On the other hand, a deep mark of black propaganda methods can be seen when it comes to an event related to shelling a school playground in the urban part of the municipality of Srebrenica. Regarding this event that took place on April 12, 1993, we came across the official reports of the United Nations, which, intentionally or unintentionally, served as a platform for reporting on the number of victims in the foreign media (Independent, The Times, El Pais, The New York Times, The Washington Post). By analyzing those reports and newspaper articles, we came across certain inconsistencies about the number of victims on the playground itself. The so-called Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s reports, which were made immediately after the aforementioned newspaper reports were released, and in which the information regarding the number of victims was modified to correspond to the information that had already been presented to the general public, testify that, in the case at hand, conventional methods of black propaganda were used. Attention was also paid to the results of the long-term propaganda activity, so concrete examples were given that show how the paradigm created by black propaganda methods has become an integral part of the historical memory of the Bosniak people and how it was engraved in historiography. To confirm that this is a case of a paradigm, the author used the archive materials and relevant literature listed in this paper and found that 14 people died in the shelling of the school playground in the Srebrenica city center. The shelling of a wider part of the municipality and all the war actions, which were indisputable, could have resulted in the death of 18 more persons, not including the location of the playground.

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Четници и капитулација Италије 1943.

Author(s): Dejan Segić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

The Italian capitulation and retreating from the war were a signal for the Germans and the two movements in Yugoslavia (Partisans and Četniks) to take advantage of the new situation. The Germans wanted to advance towards the Adriatic Coast in order to prevent the Allies from possible landing. The Četniks tried to gain better positions by filling the vacuum created by the Italian capitulation and to get ready for possible allies’ landing. The Partisan movement hoped to expand the liberated territory and augment the movement by drafting new fighters. Both movements (Partisans and Četniks) strived for strengthening their military assets by acquiring Italian weapons. Following Četniks’ advance to the vacuum created by the Italian capitulation, the Partisan movement attacked those areas and took them over, deepening the irreconcilable conflict between them and Četniks. All the events that were taking place reflected efforts to secure better positions in the wake of the expected end of the World War II.

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ЧУЖДЕСТРАННИ БОЙЦИ ТЕРОРИСТИ – ПЪТУВАЩИ ДЖИХАДИСТИ

Author(s): Niko Kukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The report addresses the issue of foreign fighters terrorists. The report examines the Dimensions of the phenomenon, the significant „ jihad arenas". Attention is drawn to the specific characteristics of the traveling jihadists and their belongings and documents. It also mentions a different extremist Islamic literature used by traveling terrorists, which gives them specific advice on their appearance, behavior, and so on.

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Шиизмът – религиозната форма на идеята за социална промяна

Author(s): Bogdana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Iran is the bosom of Shi'a. The article aims to trace and analyze the role and place of Islam in Iran, to consider the dogmatic differences between Sunnis and Shiites in the context of the geostrategic rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. It has been suggested that Shiism is the religious form of the idea of social change through an interdisciplinary and problem-thematic approach. Original ideas and literature have been proposed to enrich the Bulgarian scientific knowledge of Shiite Islam, with a scientifically applied effect.

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ШТРАЈКОВИ У СРБИЈИ ОД 2000. ДО 2005. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Nada Novaković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2005

In this article author deals with main characteristics of strikes in Serbia within the period 2000–2005. Analysis starts with thesis that strike is open class conflict within class divided society. Therefore strike is radical form of tradeunion struggle for workers rights. Main questions in the analysis were: on social structure as a background of strikes, on organizations and trade unions included in it, on effects of strikes in Serbia in the given period. Main thesis of the article is that every power dislike strikes and is ready to do everything to diminish them. Main reason lies in the class nature od social conflict that underly them. Main processes that underly strike phenomena in Serbia since 2000. are the processes of originally capital accumulation.

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Этногенез славян в польской исторической рефлексии ХХ–ХХІ вв.

Author(s): Ryszard Grzesik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2 (22)/2017

In my paper, I describe the discussion on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs in the Polish historiography. The interest to the origins of the own community is strongly connected with the historical way of thinking and was not alien to the founders of the Antic civilisation: the Greeks and the Romans. This way of thinking was taken over by the «Barbarians», who tried to prove their participation in the world of Antic civilization and inherited by the medieval and modern intellectuals. The development of the critical historiography chronologically overlapped with the birth of modern nationalisms. It determined the ethnogenetical discussions, which had the old task to glorify the own nation and to give the arguments in the conflicts on disputed territories. The Polish discussion on the Slavic ethnogenesis with participation of historians, archaeologists, philologists, anthropologists and ethnologists stood in shadow of the conflict with the Germans on the «historical rights» to the (West-Polish / East German) territories of Great Poland, Pomerania, Silesia, Mecklenburg, Lusatia. The Indigenous conception of the ethnogenesis of the Slavs dominated in the discussions, according to which it were the Polish lands which were the cradle of Slavs and a basis for the Slavic expansion to the greater part of Europe. This conception with some changes and nuances still prevails mainly in the discourse of the humanists from Poznań and Wrocław. The Allochtonic conception was developed in research centre of Cracow and is now popular also among the Slavists from Warsaw and Lublin. According to them, the Slavs originated in the Dnieper basin and Polesie and expanded to Central Europe only in the 6th century. The present-day discussion is dominated by the disputes between the supporters of both groups, which are often full of personal emotions, which make the consensus almost impossible.

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