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СЈЕДИЊЕНЕ АМЕРИЧКЕ ДРЖАВЕ И РАЗБИЈАЊЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ

Author(s): Slobodan Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2000

In this article author analizes reasons for engagement of United States in disintegrating of second Yugoslavia. These are: firstly, unwillingness of authorities in Belgrade to fall within American sphere of influence; second, inssiting of Serbian political leadership on continuation of building of socializm; third, yugoslavian crisis provided very good pretext for continual existance of NATO; fourth, giving of pedagogical leason to disobayed regimes in the world; fifht, meeting the Turkish interests as a regional power and member of NATO aimed toward the East; sixt, demonstrating of US strategy to asure leading role in the world. Those are key reasons why United States broke 45 year old maintaining of teritorial integrity of Yugoslavia.

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Стратегічна ціна Російської агресії для економіки України (Дослідження охоплює період, що передує повномасштабному вторгненню 24 лютого 2022 року)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Ukrainian

The systemic economic and social effect of hybrid aggression, which the Russian Federation has been carrying out against Ukraine since 2014, has been studied. The combination of direct losses of natural, material and human resources due to the occupation of part of Ukraine with the creation of significant obstacles to economic and social development of the country, narrowing the choice of development paths. The adaptability of the Ukrainian economy to these negative consequences was assessed and steps were taken to overcome them. A vision of the principles of the strategy of easing the price of Russian aggression for Ukraine and reducing the sensitivity of the national economy to further hybrid influences is proposed.

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Сузбијање качака на Косову и Метохији 1912–1929

Author(s): Vladan Z. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2009

Spreading of the Kačak movement in Kosovo, Metohija and western Macedonia in the first decades of the Yugoslav state was primarily result of the unsolved territorial issues after the period of wars between 1912 and 1918. The Albanian insurgency against the Turkish rule had meanwhile evolved into a powerful instrument of the Austro-Hungarian, Italian, Albanian and Bulgarian policy in the Balkans. The culmination of armed incursions from Albania (1918–1924) took place in an extremely difficult moment for the authority of the newly formed Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Being caught between the legal transitional period it was going through, ethnic tensions in the northwest and heavy fighting with Bulgarian Komitas in the southeast of the country, the Yugoslav state took up tackling the Kačak issue in a quite inapt manner. The situation was aggravated by the anarchy in the aftermath of the war, „innate fright of authorities“, the open border with Albania, the unconsolidated state apparatus, and synchronic activities of the Kačak and Komita movements. However, the Kačaks were partly subdued in 1924 under the circumstances which luckily coincided both at home and abroad (restoration of the Zogu’s regime and normalisation of the Yugoslav-Albanian relations, the assassination of the Kačak leader in Drenica Azem Bejt, the amnesty granted by the Davidovic’s government, etc.). Although the movement lost its vigour and strength, and their ideologist left the country, the problem eventually turned to have been merely postponed. The failure to eradicate the Albanian insurgency may be explained in the light of the wide-spread tribal solidarity among Kosovo’s Albanians, the power of the ideas on Greater Albania, and political trade of surviving landowners (beys) oligarchy with the Radical Party leaders, which eventually led to the outbreak of Albanian irredentism shortly before the World War II.

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Сукоб двојице југословенских обавештајаца у Бугарској 1946/47: Антон Колендић и Војо Ристић

Author(s): Slobodan Selinić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

The conflict of the Yugoslav press attaché Anton Kolendić, UDBA staff, and Defence Attaché Lieut. Colonel Vojo Ristić, in Sofia, at the end of 1946 and the beginning of 1947, was one of the most serious disputes of the Yugoslav diplomats in the world in the early years after World War II. The conflict had several aspects, i. e. causes. First, it should be noted that Kolendić was not satisfied with the possibility that Ristić become the next ambassador in Sofia. Then, you should bear in mind non-tactical and undiplomatic behavior of Kolendić wife, who worked as a typist in a Military delegation, and who repeatedly provoked incidents with Bulgarian officials, criticizing the Bulgarian policy in Pirin Macedonia. Defence Attaché Ristić was very dissatisfied with her behavior. Finally, the conflict also had significance for intelligence service, because both Yugoslav representatives were intelligence staff, a civilian Kolendić (UDB), and a military Ristić, and their spheres of influence were intertwined, further intensified by the personal animosity. Having received information about this dispute, the Central Committee of the Communist Party insisted on reconciliation of the two party members and diplomats, which, according to the party reports, was done, but probably the real solution to the dispute was moving both from Sofia: Kolendić became the Counselor at the Embassy in Austria and Ristic the Military Attaché in Czechoslovakia.

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Суперечності ідентичностей в Україні та шляхи їх регулювання в контекстах політики громадянської консолідації Української нації

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Ukrainian

The analytical report is based on the result of scientific and research work “The contradictions of identity in Ukraine and the ways of their regulation in the context of civil consolidation policy of the Ukrainian nation / Analytical report” that had been carried out at the I.F. Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015. It carried out a generalized analysis of the contradictions of identities in contemporary Ukraine (motives, displays, risks), public and legal support to prevent conflicts and mechanism functioning; socio-economic realities as a factor in strengthening of the conflictogenity identities potential in Ukraine; democratic values as a basis for the consolidation of nation; destructive religious and confessional influences; mechanisms to consolidate the nation in the terms of changes in the configuration of ethno-national “identity matrix” of the Ukrainians; civil organizations and political parties as instruments for levelling of the identity contradictions and consolidation of nation.

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СУПРОТНА ТЕОРИЈСКА ТУМАЧЕЊА НАТО БОМБАРДОВАЊА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ У СВЕТЛУ КРИТИКЕ ИДЕОЛОГИЈЕ

Author(s): Vera A. Vratuša Žunjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1999

Through the application of the method of the critique of ideology to the analysis of the opposite theoretical interpretations of NATO bombardment of Yugoslavia, in the paper is corroborated decisive influence of the interested practico-political standpoint of the theoretician on all phases of his or hers theoretical explanation of the examined social phenomenon. Socially structured sources of opposite theoretical explanations of apologists of bombardment as “humanitarian intervention” and critics of bombardment as “imperialist aggression” are focused.

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Сучасний Російський спосіб ведення війни: теоретичні основи і практичне наповнення

Author(s): M. M. Veleskov / Language(s): Ukrainian

The current (2021!) Russian way of waging war is studied, the analysis of which is one of the main prerequisites for high-quality defense planning of Ukraine in the conditions of preservation of the Russian threat and disparity of power potentials in favor of the Russian Federation. The role and place of military policy in the great strategy of the Russian Federation is determined. The theoretical foundations of the modern Russian way of waging war are analyzed, including the factors influencing the planning and conduct of operations. The main features of the current Russian doctrine of operations, as well as its reflection on certain types and types of troops of the Russian Armed Forces in practice are identified. // Designed for experts, scientists and specialists in the field of defense planning and national security, civil servants, representatives of public organizations and anyone interested in the evolution of forms and methods of using troops (forces).

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Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку й трансформації Північноатлантичного альянсу

Author(s): V. Kravchenko,Vasilij Orlik,Mykola Zamikula,Vladimir Yarmolenko,O. Davimuka / Language(s): Ukrainian

The process of transforming the Alliance's role and status in the new context of regional and global security was launched by NATO's Rome Summit in 1991. The abolition of the Warsaw Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War in global scale. The 1991 Strategic Concept of the Alliance focuses on changing the geopolitical balance and expanding the Euro-Atlantic security space (given the transformations that have taken place in Central Europe). A decision was reached to strengthen NATO's political role and the functioning of the Alliance based on the principles of collective defense, dialogue and cooperation (in particular, to promote reforms in the former socialist camp and launch new formats of interaction with other players in Central and Eastern Europe). // Among such formats, the Partnership for Peace initiative, which was decided at the NATO summit in Brussels in 1994, played a special role. During the NATO Summit in Madrid in 1997, the Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between Ukraine and the Alliance was signed, which regulates the format of cooperation between the parties at the political level. The summit announced NATO's first eastward enlargement to include Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary, as well as the launch of a policy of Alliance enlargement to include the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union.

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Сучасні трансформації тероризму

Author(s): Tetiana Bondar / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2012

In the article there were determined the transformation, which terrorism had under the influence of globalization and ethno-political process in the contemporary society.

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ТHE UNITED NATIONS AND STATE RESPONSIBILITIES IN MAINTAINING PEACE

Author(s): Bekim Nuhija / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

To undertake military intervention or not, is a question that affects all countries in the world in situations of mass violations of human rights and the rules of international humanitarian law, especially the states that have resources and means for direct engagement in the resolution of such situations. For many countries, the answer is simply negative. Their justification is that these crimes do not occur on their territory and it is not worthy that their soldiers die trying to restore peace and security in other countries. The most powerful countries should actively be involved in the prevention and ending of situations of gross human rights violations, which at the same time represent a shame for the whole civilized world. The most powerful countries should intervene because they have the necessary capacity to maintain the peace and security in the world.

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Танснаціональна організована злочинність як сучасне явище : визначення й основні риси

Author(s): E.V. Tkachova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 19/2021

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries,neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal – to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.

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ТЕОРИЈА И ПРАКСА ''ШАРЕНИХ РЕВОЛУЦИЈА'

Author(s): Miroslav Mladenović,Jelena G. Ponomareva,Zoran Kilibarda / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

The world, in terms of globalization did not become more stable and predictable. Its main characteristics today are: turbulence, insecurity, and growth potential for conflicts. The most important expression of compression of clamps of turbulence becomes events from 2011. Years, in many countries of North Africa and the Middle East, called the ''Arab revolutions''. For some, these events are coincidental and spontaneous protest ''dreamers of democracy'', while for others it is a result of the planned implementation of projects for a global reorganization of the world. Besides the difference in the value perception of ‘’colored revolutions’’, among theorists there is no agreement even on issues of their target orientation and of their relationship to democracy, social reasonableness, and especially of compatibility of goals and the methods for their realizations.

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ТЕРОРИЗМ НА КІПРІ В КОНТЕКСТІ БЛИЗЬКОСХІДНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ 1970-1980-Х РР.

Author(s): Stanislav Kovalskyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 30/2019

The paper is devoted to the Middle East terrorism as a regional problem in the 1970-1980s. Cyprus has a great geopolitical and strategic significance for all regional subjects and global actors. Therefore, the island became an arena of the terroristic activity since the mid-1970s. An Islamic terrorism in Cyprus was analyzed as an integral part of the Middle East regional system. The paper focuses on the Cyprus government’s home policy in the context of the Middle East security and its international contacts with principal regional countries as a main factor of the terroristic activity in Cyprus. The terroristic acts committed by the different the Muslim groups, special operations conducted by Israel to neutralized them and the Western countries` positions were researched in the paper. The article is based on the US documents and the world press. Several aspects of the terroristic activity in Cyprus could be distinguished. The first aspect presents problems of the relations between Cyprus and the Arabic countries. Due to the PLO militants` activity the Cyprus government was hurter by a military conflict with grave political consequences. The balance in relations between Cyprus and Muslim East was broken for a long time. Egypt threatened Cyprus with the international recognition of the Turkish Federation of the Northern Cyprus. The second root of the terroristic problem of Cyprus was based on the friendly ties with PLO. An island turned into a key-point of arms smuggling from Europe to the Middle East. This fact deteriorated Cyprus relations with Israel and NATO countries.

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ТНЕ GROWING MILITARY ACTIVITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION AS A SECURITY THREAT

Author(s): Natalia Bekiarova / Language(s): English Issue: 63/2017

The current situation in the Black Sea Region is extremely complex due to the deep crisis in Ukraine, the continuing fires in Donbass, Russia’s role in the “frozen conflicts”, intensifying militarization of Crimea and the entire region. Russia has often used armed forces outside its borders as an instrument of its foreign policy pressure. The creation of territorial buffer zones in the Black Sea Region is becoming an element in the behaviour of Kremlin. Arms race between Russia and NATO has entered into a peculiar spiral whose end is not visible. This is a serious risk to the security of the region, having a destabilizing impact on the NATO – Russia relationship and does not contribute to reducing the escalation of tensions in South-Eastern borders of the Alliance.

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Трансформација рата на размеђу 20. И 21. Века

Author(s): Milinko Vračar,Jovanka Šaranović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

During the Cold War, the key role in the war transformation had two post-war processes that took place simultaneously on the international arena. The first one was the indirect competition of a super powers for the global domination over neutral, nonaligned countries and the second one was the decolonization process. In the shadow of nuclear danger, the interaction of these processes resulted in a series of local civil wars in Third World countries behind which, as a rule, were the super powers, USA and USSR. This kind of conflict became more prevalent in the second half of the 20th century, and the traditional form of armed conflict between the states has almost disappeared. The characteristics of contemporary armed conflicts differed from traditional because one side of the conflict was a non-state actor. This has led to irregularities, nonlinearities and asymmetries of contemporary conflicts as its dominant characteristics. By strengthening Islamist transnational terrorist organizations in the period of the unipolar global order, nontraditional conflicts became global and, as such, they effectively disputed the conventional superiority of the western great powers in achieving the strategic interests. Thereby, at the beginning of the new century, international global terrorism became the key determinant of contemporary armed conflicts by what they were different considerably from the local civil conflicts from the Cold War era. The return of Russia as a great power and the rising of China’s power marked the beginning of the multipolar world. The military aspect of the foreign policy activities of the mentioned states, as well as other challengers of strategic interests of Western powers such as Iran and North Korea, is marked by the new concept of war. It included the full integration of military and non-military instruments of state power to achieve political goals in which the role of armed forces is minimized, concealed or even not necessary. This view of the new concept of war was the most significant novelty in the history of studying the war.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ РОК-МУЗИКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

Author(s): Viacheslav, Ovsiannikov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2022

The purpose of the article. The study describes the principles of supporting Ukraine during the war in the musical space and the place of rock music in the development of patriotic upsurge through concert performances within Ukraine and on the world stage. The research methodology consists in the application of analytical and historical-cultural methods, which made it possible to identify and characterise the foundations of the transformational processes of rock music on the example of the activities of musical bands and performers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in the Ukrainian scientific perspective, Ukrainian and Western rock music is defined in the light of the support of the Ukrainian people during the war and “national”, “international” and “urban” cultural codes are identified in the work of rock bands and performers. Conclusions. Rock music has never stood aside from acute social topics, because the emergence of new directions in rock has always reflected the mood of the world order, which certainly manifested itself in music, lyrics, video clips, as well as in stage productions. The work determined the general characteristics of the transformational processes of rock music; features of Ukrainian and Western rock music during the war – Ukrainian musical lexemes, characteristic Ukrainian melos and disclosure of the philosophical content characteristic of Ukraine during the war. Emphasis is placed on the manifestation of “national”, “international” and “urban” cultural codes in the work of rock bands during the war in Ukraine. A super-important national component was discovered through the use of the Ukrainian language and the use of elements of the national musical language. Among the rock bands, the following features were identified: the use of Ukrainian symbols, calls for an end to the war, communication with a foreign listener through English, holistic support for the Ukrainian people, and the focus of concert performances on specific locations with an urban accent.

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Турция – между силата и уязвимостта

Author(s): Plamen Ralchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential volatility of Turkey in result of internal transformation processes in the country and its “overstretch” with engagements abroad, especially the military operation on Syrian territory. Under the rule of President Erdogan Turkey began to play a more assertive role regionally. It positions itself not as a peripheral, Western-satellite state, but rather as a pivotal state with its own proper weight.In terms of methodology the paper employs case studies, comparative and critical analysis of economic and financial data from primary and secondary sources. The first part presents a political overview and assessment of Turkey’s foreign policy behavior and power claims. The second part focuses on Turkey’s economic problems and volatility prospects.

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ТЪРСЕЩИТЕ УБЕЖИЩЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ: ВЪЗМОЖНОСТ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ ИЛИ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЗА КОНФЛИКТИ

Author(s): Anna I. Mantarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The report seeks to answer the question whether asylum seekers in Bulgaria are opportunity for development or potential for conflicts. Statistical data on the socio- demographic characteristics of immigrants are analyzed, as well as information revealing their desires and plans about their future in Europe. Information from a representative national survey on different aspects of the attitudes of the local population towards them has been also discussed.

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Ужичка република у мемоаристици

Author(s): Petar Ristanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2010

In the territory of Western Serbia in late summer and autumn 1941, the stage of the Civil War, whose consequences can be felt even today, was set. The first conflicts began already in the formation of partisan and chetnik detachments. Leaders of two anti-fascist movements were repeatedly trying to negotiate, but the differences between members of the movements, which had emerged in the decades before the war, were too big and the negotiations failed. Serbia found itself in the fight against the occupiers, internally divided. The divisions of the Civil War are so profound that they can be also felt in the literature dealing with these issues in the decades after the World War II. The need for a real picture of events orders return to the sources, so this paper was based on the memoirist literature of direct participants of the events. This literature so far has been used for getting concrete data on commonly asked questions: outbreak of the uprising, negotiations, beginning of the conflict between Chetniks and Partisans ... However, the data testify to the atmosphere which prevailed in those days in Serbia, and which this paper is trying to shed light upon, are neglected.

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УЗРОЦИ И ПОСЛЕДИЦЕ НАТО АГРЕСИЈЕ HA ЈУГОСЛАВИЈУ

Author(s): Mihailo Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1999

In this article author dealing with three issues, causes, consequences, (un)avoidability aggression NATO on FR Yugoslavia. Authors assert that aggression could not avoid (except capitulation). The causes of NATO aggression are, economic and military strategic interest enormous capital headed by USA. The power of USA spreading to East (Kaspijski basin) and Kosovo there is on the path. To point out to aim of weakness Europe and exercises for soldiers. Consequences are, human and material disaster on Serbia people, as well as NATO. Aggression jeopardizes principles of international relations and political moral.

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