What is “the Middle East”? American think tank experts on construction of the region

Author(s): Danguolė Bardauskaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2017

The aim of this research is to answer the question how the American think tank experts on the Middle East and US foreign policy towards the Middle East perceive the region and its construction, with a particular focus on the process of Othering. In order to achieve this aim, the article presents the theoretical explanations of the Othering. In the empirical part, the results of semi-structured interviews with the experts are analyzed and presented. The interviews revealed three angles of how the Middle East is perceived. These angles are the geographical location of the Middle East, the securitization of the Middle East and the universal superiority of the United States. The main finding of the research is that the perception of the Middle East is connected with the self perception or the question of “What is the United States of America?”

Ogledi: Nacionalni sukobi.Raspad Jugoslavije i rat za nacionalne države (OGLEDI I-XXVIII)

Author(s): Vesna Pešić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 129/1995

Osnovni zadatak ovog istraživanja jeste da potraži odgovor na pitanje zašto su u Jugoslaviji nacionalna pitanja formulisana u krajnjim verzijama koje su dovele do raspada zajedničke države, rata i formiranja nacionalnih država. Na ovo pitanje, svakako, nema jednostavnog odgovora. Složeni i isprepleteni činioci jugoslovenske krize i raspada imaju različitu težinu i raznolika značenja; neki su dugog istorijskog trajanja, a .neki su odraz trenutnih odnosa snaga, bez čijeg delovanja do rata ne bi moglo doći.

Iseljavanje Srba sa Kosova: trauma i/ili katarza (OGLEDI I-XX)

Author(s): Marina Blagojević-Hughson / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 127/1995

Iseljavanje Srba sa Kosova jedna je od ključnih trauma u srpskoj javnosti. U ovom prilogu najviše pažnje će biti posvećeno realnim korenima ove traume, ali i njenoj zlo/upotrebi. Osnovni postupak primepjen u ovom raduje retrospektiva, u smislu tumačenja prošlosti iz perspektive sadašnjosti. Potreba za retrospektivom nije slučajna. Ona proizlazi iz na izgled potpune besmislenosti rata i tragedije na eks-jugoslovenskim prostorima, kao i iz još uvek nekristaljizovanih rešenja oko izlaska iz rata.

Nemačko-poljsko izmirenje - model za rešavanje konflikata na Balkanu?

Author(s): Theo Mechtenberg / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 124/1995

Povodom proslave pedeset godina od završetka Drugog svetskog rata, poljski ministar spoljnih poslova Wladyslaw Bartoszewski (Bartoševski), kao predstavnik zemlje koja je 1939. prva postala žrtva agresije Trećeg rajha, na posebnoj sednici nemačke Savezne skupštine i Saveznog veća održao je govor u kojem je, između ostalog, izjavio: „Iskustva tih nekoliko strašnih godina, znanje o koncentracionim logorima, mu- čilištima i gasnim komorama; doneli su za mene, jednom zauvek, odluku za moj dalji životni put: protiv mržnje, protiv diskriminisanja ljudi iz bilo kojih razloga - zbog rase, klase, nacionalnosti ili religije, kao i protiv intelektualnog nasilja u koje spada laž u povesti i odsustvo tolerancije prema onima koji drukčije misle"1. Ove reči su posebno važne zato što je Bartoszewski u svojim mladim godinama na vlastitom te- lu osetio mržnju i diskriminisanje. Kao osamnaestogodišnjak poslat je, pod brojem 4427, u koncentracioni logor Aušvic; pošto je oslobođen, postao je pripadnik poljskog pokreta otpora i učestvovao je u varšavskom ustanku, da bi ga potom, posle rata, komunistički vlastodršci u njegovoj zemlji više puta i na duže vreme hapsili.

Politički identitet i religija u Irskoj

Author(s): John D'Arcy May / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 124/1995

„Često nam se prebacuje da smo previše vezani za prošlost. Ipak, uskoro će se ispostaviti da mi predstavljamo budućnost." Ove reći mog prethodnika na Irish School of Ecumenics u Dablinu, dr Robina Boyda (Bojd), zapanjile su me tada - krajem osamdesetih godina. A u međuvremenu se jasnije pokazalo da tužni konflikt u Irskoj, u stvari, ne spada u zaboravljenu prošlost, nego pruža užasnu sliku mogućne evropske budućnosti. Oko ćele nove Evrope, pre svega, duž onih prostora trvenja koji su nekad Sveto Rimsko Carstvo razdvajali od njegovih hrišćansko-ortodoks- nih odnosno muslimansko-turskih protivnika, ponovo se u jarkom svetlu povesti pomaljaju granične oblasti sa svojim potlačenim nationes - u izvornom smislu reći: „etnijama"

Traumatologija partijske države (OGLEDI I-XII)

Author(s): Nebojša Popov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 116/1995

Kazivanje o ratu kao zlu obično vrvi od opštih mesta. Izvesno je da rat donosi smrt i razaranje, da nanosi duševne, duhovne i telesne ozlede (traume) mnogim ljudima. Manje je, pak, izvesno šta se sve tokom rata dešava, šta ga izaziva i kakvi su mogući raspleti.

REPUBLIKA Godina VII (1995), Broj 115, 1-15. maj

Author(s): Nebojša Popov,Milan Mišić,Mirko Đorđević,Branislava Jojić,Dragoš Ivanović,Vesna Pešić,Snežana Nikolić,Pavle Radić,Šaza Šećerov,Olga Popović-Obradović,Žarko Paunović,Pascal Bruckner,Miodrag Stanisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 115/1995

Nebojša Popov, (Anti)fašizam Milan Mišić, Stezanje omče Mirko Đorđević, Duh trećeg milenijuma Branislava Jojić, Imamo li ustav i državu? Dragoš Ivanović, Osmaški virus Vesna Pešić, Ko vlada Srbijom Snežana Nikolić, Nacionalizacija „ničijeg" Pavle Radić, Rakovica Šaza Šećerov, Neki novi stoici Olga Popović-Obradović, Zablude o „zlatnom dobu“ Žarko Paunović, Dubrovnik, adio... Paskal Brikner, Etnička teologija Vesna Pešić, Đilas brži od istorije Miodrag Stanisavljević, Isplativost zločina

REPUBLIKA Godina VI (1994), Broj 104

Author(s): Nebojša Popov,Neven Protić,Dragoš Ivanović,Vasilije Popović,Vlastimir Stevanović,Dušan Mojsin,Branka Petrović,Miljenko Dereta,Dragan Milovanović,Marija Obradović,Rade Veljanovski,Raško Kovačević,Ivan Čolović,Alan D. Falconer,Miloš Marković,Mihailo Ilić ,Dragoslav Vujović,Miodrag Stanisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 104/1994

Nebojša Popov, (Zlo)pamtilo Neven Protić, Lakog izlaska iz rata nema Dragoš Ivanovič, Društvo razboljeno ratom Vasilije Popović, Po pitanju... Mirovnjaka Vlastimir Stevanavič, Kraj na početku Gordana Vukotić-Cotič,Nema rasta proizvodnje bez rasta cena Prvo Srbi, pa radnici Dušan Mojsin, Mafijaški socijalizam Branka Petrović, Oteti se od politike Miljenko Dereta, Demokratija kao preduslov mira Dragan Milovanović, Kako uništiti nezavisni sindikalni pokret Marija Obradović, Saopštenje za javnost Rade Veljanovski, Nezavisni mediji — srž demokratije Raško Kovačević, Osvajanje autonomije Nebojša Popov, Vruće usred jeseni Ivan Čolović, Beograd — Tuzla tamo i ovamo 4.040 km Alan D Falconer, Rat i izmirenje istorijskog sećanja Miloš B. Marković, Javne aktivnosti profesora Mihaila Ilića Mihailo Ilić, Uz ovo izdanje Vesti sa alternativne scene Gvelfi i gibelini Dragoslav Vujović, Zaboravili ste pedeset devetu! D. Podrug, Pogledi izgnanika Miodiag Stanisavljević, Inverzije i perverzije

Republika, god. V, broj 81, Decembar 1-15, 1993

Author(s): Radivoj Cvetićanin,Ljubivoje Aćimović,Zagorka Golubović,Ljubiša Rajić,Svetlana Božinović,Dara Vučinić,Vlastimir Stevanović,Slavenka Babić,Rade Veljanovski,Branka Petrović,Mirko Kovačević,Aljoša Mimica,István Bibó,Slavko Goldstein,Rada Iveković,Lazar Udovićki,Pavle Radić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 081/1993

Karađoz Radivoj Cvetićanin, Predizborni istup u Ženevi Ljubivoje Aćimović, Jugoslovenska kriza na tri plana Ljubiša Rajić, Levica u Srbiji Svetlana Božinović, Slavljeniku, in memoriam Dara Vučinić, Kad vlast viče "drž'te lopova" Vlastimir Stevanović, Rezerve za sunovrat Moje prvo priznanje Slavenka Babić, Postoji li država (3) Rade Veljanovski, Da li razbiti ogledalo Branka Petrović, Popularnost političara u štampi (3) Bosonogi humanisti Rat i propast srednje klase Mirko Kovačević, Povratak političkog komesara Aijoša Mimica, Rat i propast srednje klase Zagorka Golubović, Autoritarnost: prilagođavanje ili postojanost Istvan Bibo, Šta znači fašizam Slavko Goldstein, Partizani i ustaše Ljudska prava i njihova zaštita Rada Iveković, Novi-stari hladni rat Lazar Udovički, Prijateljska putovanja Pavle Radić, Top lista ratnog nadrealizma

Ukinuće Bjelovarsko-križevačke županije i kako je to područje prošlo u vrijeme djelovanja Osječke i Zagrebačke oblasne skupštine 1927. i 1928. godine

Author(s): Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

In 1922, when the Regulation defining the division of the land into districts was passed, the Bjelovar-Križevci County was the biggest and best-managed county in Croatia and Slavonia. Since 1886, it has grown around Bjelovar, which had, as soon as in 1776, been built by Empress Maria Theresa as the military centre of that part of Croatia. The division of the land into districts was not a simple process; it was only in 1927 that the district autonomy began its active operation following the formation of district councils and committees. The autonomy was supposed to help the state solve its difficulties in the field. The Belgrade authorities were not fond of the Bjelovar-Križevci County, since it was, in addition to being the most prosperous one, also the most rebellious; they therefore decided to divide this area between the Osijek and Zagreb districts. However, the Bjelovar tendencies did not disappear. On the contrary, this area became a strong link between Slavonia and Croatia in realising Radić’s idea of building a better life through autonomy in the districts where the majority of representatives had been members of the Peasant-Democratic Coalition, i.e. followers of Stjepan Radić’s and Svetozar Pribićević’s; in this regard, some of the councillors in both district councils had played rather important roles. The autonomies did, however, not last; a pity indeed, since Radić’s ideas regarding correlating in the economic, tourist, financial, educational and medical senses could have otherwise produced excellent results. Unfortunately, the end to it all had been put by the proclamation of dictatorship, so that never again could such favourable terms for the wishes of the people to be realised have been assured.

"Demokracija je počela" - demokratski izbori u Općini Bjelovar 1990.

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

The downfall of the communist system in Europe in 1989, during a peoples’ awakening of a kind, was very soon reflected upon the events occurring in Socialist Yugoslavia, where the Yugoslav Communist Union had, until that time, exercised absolute power. Under the pressure of the communist system having fallen down in Eastern Europe, the true power takeover happened in 1990, when – after the introduction of a multi-party system – the Communist Union disappeared from the Croatian political scene. Referring to and based upon articles from local newspapers, publications issued by political parties and other written sources, the author notes how hard the way to democracy had been and indicates to the emergence of political parties in the area of the then Bjelovar Municipality. The paper presents the election results in the Bjelovar area in detail.

Fenntarthatóság és népesedés: globalizmus vagy lokalizmus

Author(s): János Tóth I. / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

Today, sustainable development is very closely linked to neoliberal globalism that threatens with giving big capital excessive amounts of power. Moreover, globalization leads to the homogenization of mankind, that is, to the disappearance of languages, cultures and lifestyles, therefore it must be avoided. The only way to preserve the diversity of mankind is through achieving sustainability at local levels. Sustainability has demographical aspects as well – the overpopulation that characterizes Africa is just as unsustainable as the depopulation that is typical for Europe. For European nations, there are two ways to ensure stability in terms of population size: the global way (letting in more immigrants) and the local way (higher birth rates). The global solution is once more wrong – immigrants coming in large masses cannot be integrated. The ideal solution would be for everyone to bear 2-3 children, but the process would require a complete transformation of the general social attitude. The process would take place much faster and it would be easier if 10-15% of the couples, respectively of the women in childbearing age would undertake the task of giving birth and raising at least 5 children and the necessary framework could be the implementation of a new institution, that of full-time parenthood as a form of employment.

Şİİ HİLALİ BAĞLAMINDA SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI ve İRAN

Author(s): Tunahan Hazir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2019

In this study, we are going to anaylyze the political, military and cultural role of republic of Iran Islam in Syria which has civil war with the influence of the Arab Springin accordance with the expression of Şii crescent. Although existence of Shiah in that region dates back to early years of Islamic history, we can talk about geopolitics of Shiah with the reformation of Iran Islam in 1979. For Iran, Syria acts as a significant corridor in terms of supports to Hizbullah that is a shiah noncooperation organ in Lebanon and supports to noncooperation organs in Palestine. Iran has found an opportunity to change Shiah demographic structure with its role in civil war Iran’s policies which are base on Shia include notably Lebanon, Iraq and Syria, Koweit, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen. Iran objects to rumours about it pursues a policy which is based on Shiah Crescent. However; Iran that doesn’t want a conflict in its own country, tries to strengthen its population through its Shian identity. The United States and is allied, Israel in that region has showed their disturbance with their attempts. In this sense, it wil be evaluated that the existence of Iran in Syria is how significant for Shiah geopolitics.

POLITIKA I OBLICI REGIONALNE INTEGRACIJE U SLOVENSKIM ZEMLJAMA (OD SLOVENSKOG SVETA DO SOVJETSKOG BLOKA) 1941 - 1948.

Author(s): Vladimir Claude Fišera / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1985

В данном сравнительно кратком очерке в форме этюда обсуждаются проблема и характер взаимосвязей славянских народов в период с 1941 по 1948 год. Краткая вводная часть содержит обзор исторического развития и характер этих связей, установленных в первое время на почве культурного сотрудничества и культурного взаимодействия, уступившим в дальнейшем место усилившемуся экспансионистскому и великорусскому курсу, превратившемуся в рычаг царской политики. Автором не оставлены без внимания и перемены, происшедшие в характере связей славянских народов и государств после Октябрьской революции и образования новых самостоятельных славянских государств на юго-востоке и в Средней Европе. Описывается также и новое политическое содержание идей, возникших в период между двумя мировыми войнами. Центральная часть очерка посвящена участи идеи славянской период до 1948 года. В результате второй мировой войны происсолидарности и интеграции во время второй мировой войны и в ходит раскол между славянскими государствами, создаются два воюющих лагеря, а это ведет к различному толкованию славянской идеи: от полного отрицания славянского происхождения (в Независимом Государстве Хорватии) и упора на том, что славянские народы нашли свое место в „новом порядке в Европе на стороне Оси (Болгария, Словакия. Независимое Государство Хорватия), до, с другой стороны, сплочения и солидаризации с борьбой Советского Союза всех славянских антифашистских сил. Самым значительным стимулом для этой тенденции были чрезвычайно тяжелое положение, в котором в ходе войны оказались славянские народы, как и политика всеславянского сплочения вокруг Советского Союза в борьбе против самого заклятого врага славянства, получившая свое начало и направленность с момента германского нападения на Советский Союз. Такая политика достигла свой апогей на двух всеславянских конгрессах, проведенных во время войны в Москве. В течение первых лет по окончании войны произошло усиление идеи о необходимости тесного сотрудничества славянских стран и их сплочения вокруг Советского Союз. Предпринимаются попытки образования более широких сообществ (неосуществленная югославско - болгарская федерация). Однако, эта идея все более открыто становится рычагом блокового сплочения. Присоединение двух неславянских стран, Румынии и Венгрии, к сообществу стран, начавших строить социализм, и выход Югославии из сферы советского влияния во время конфликта с Информбюро, привели к тому, что идея сплочения славянских народов уступила место идеи сполочения на блоковой почве.

VELIMIR TERZIĆ, SLOM KRALJEVINE JUGOSLAVIJE 1941.

Author(s): Savo Skoko / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1983

Obimno dvotomno delo našeg poznatog (nedavno preminulog) vojnog istoričara, jednog od proslavljenih rukovodilaca narodnooslobodilačkog rata i general-pukovnika u penziji Velimira Terzića, Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941., koje je izašlo iz štampe početkom 1983. godine, izazvalo je - sudeći po tome da je prvo izdanje štampano u tiražu od 7000 primeraka već rasprodano - veliko interesovanje naše javnosti, ali i kontraverzne komentare i ocene. Neki ga, naime, svrstavaju u retrogradna dela, dok drugi ističu da je »Terzićeva knjiga odlična, poučna i istorijski do kraja tačna«, da se radi о delu koje »baca snažno svetlo najpre na prvu jugoslovensku državu u njenom kratkom postojanju, a zatim na njen vojnički i politički slom«. Sam autor u uvodnoj napomeni ističe da je za sve vreme svojih mukotrpnih petnaestogodišnjih istraživačkih napora, koji su bili skopčani s tako reći nepremostivim teškoćama, imao na umu samo jedan cilj - da i kao savremenik i kao učesnik događaja о kojima je reč » najsavesnije i najobjektivnije iznese istorijsku istinu«. Pogledajmo šta je Terzić uradio na ostvarenju toga cilja.

ČASOPIS „KOMMUNISTIČESKIJ INTERNACIONAL" (1919 - 1943) О NACIONALNOM I KOLONIJALNOM PITANJU. PRIREDILI: ŽARKO PROTIĆ I BOSILJKA PEJOVIĆ - PROTIĆ (NASTAVAK IZ PROŠLOG BROJA)

Author(s): Bosiljka Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1983

НЕФОРМАЛНИ УЏБЕНИЦИ ИСТОРИЈЕ И ГЕОГРАФИЈЕ: САВРЕМЕНЕ ПОЛИТИКЕ ПРОСТОРА У ИЗГРАДЊИ НАЦИОНАЛНОГ ИДЕНТИТЕТА

Author(s): Srđan Radović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2009

This paper examines current politics of space pursued in post-socialist countries, particularly reconfiguration of ‘city text’ which marks ideological topography of the city with two central elements being architexture and urban toponymy. City of Prishtina is taken as an example of total reconfiguration of the city text given that it has underwent two complete transformations of urban topography and memorial heritage in less than two decades period. Paper will try to partially highlight the character of national politics and policies which are deployed beyond city limits by stating several examples and discussing the ideological construction and intervention in memorial and toponymic heritage.

Tautos ir tautiškumo išsaugojimo problema Stasio Šalkauskio filosofinėje kūryboje

Author(s): Jonas Balčius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 38/2004

The article deals with problems of preserving the national identity and national survival in the modern world, which are topical issues for present-day Lithuania as well. Attempts at safeguarding and consolidating the country’s independence in terms of culture and world-view, undertaken by the erudite intellectual Stasys Šalkauskis (1886-1941) were typical of many Lithuanian philosophers of the interwar period. The philosopher envisaged the political and cultural independence of his native country, as well as the future of Lithuania, as exclusively linked with Christianity, and more precisely with Catholicism. In his works, Šalkauskis expressed his ultimate hope that Lithuania would not experience another setback into “a new kind of paganism” (by this he meant the authoritarian and nationalist orientations of President Smetona, and the triumphal march of both fascism and communism across Europe J. B.), instead remaining faithful to the Catholic tradition, both culturally and politically. A very significant aspect of the work by Šalkauskis, analyzed in the present article, is his extremely positive response to and evaluation of the role that international political organizations, such as the UN, could play globally both in his times and in the future, especially in terms of securing the safety of small nations, their political survival and cultural autonomy, etc.

1980'LERDEN GÜNÜMÜZE KÜRESELLEŞMEYLE GELİŞEN "KİMLİK POLİTİKALARI" VE SANATA YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Gökçen Şahmaran Can / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 61/2019

The changing side of socio-cultural, economic, technological and political structure over the world, which occurred with globalization, rapid development of information and communication technologies especially during 1980s intensified the international interaction and caused the globalization to accelerate. These effects significantly changed the notion of individual, changing economic, sociological and political balances made the individual obliged to look at the world with a new point of view. Differentiation emerged in this period that significant theoretical divergences occurred. The notions such as discrimination, racism, anti otherness concertized with globalization, “identity politics” emerged as the notions which was introduced to field of expression by the art. This period when post-structuralism and deconstructionism revealed the unity of life, politics and art with an understanding that developed around “I” caused the “other” to be accepted and women, black people, homosexuals to have the freedom to express themselves. The artists addressed phenomena such as gender politics, sexual identity, ethnic identity, discrimination in their works created through various ways of expression, and they shaped their arts in this direction. Artistic construction of identity politics developed with globalization which constitutes the content of the subject was examined and assessed in terms of social identity characteristics within the context of sociology methods and theories. Artistic construction was examined over a broad bibliography; the acquired findings put forth art’s theoretical discussions from past to present comparatively.

“TURSKA KRIVICA” – JEDAN OD MOTIVA GENOCIDA NAD BOŠNJACIMA

Author(s): Enes Durmišević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 77/2019

When talking about the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina and the genocide committed upon Bosniaks, it is very common to avoid mentioning religious motives and religious dimension of aggression and genocide. Even though it is common fact that the aim of this twofold aggression (Serbian and Croatian) upon Bosnia and Herzegovina was conquering the territory of B&H, it is important to consider the influence and the role of Christian Churches (Serbian Orthodoxs and the Catholic Church) in the aggression and the genocide. It is a fact that 1,347 waqf properties owned by the Islamic Community (614 mosques, 218 masjids, 69 maktabs, 37 tombs and over 400 other constructions) were destroyed which alone is an evidence, amongst other, of intentions and aims of both the aggressors. It should also be emphasised that the Army of Republika Srpska (military troops of Bosnian Serbs, Serbian quislings) played the major part in destroying most of the above mentioned properties of Waqf, whereas HVO – military troops of Bosnian Croats (Croatian quislings) destroyed over a hundred of the these waqf properties. This fact proves intention to destroy material and spiritual Islamic heritage of Bosniaks. According to the Serbian nationalistic and mythological interpretation of medieval history, Bosniaks have by accepting Islam become “Turks”, even a different race, betrayers of “their ancestral faith”, “murderers of Jesus” therefore it is legitimate even plausible to kill them, exterminate them by committing ethnic cleansing and genocide. On the other hand, Croatian mythological nationalistic thought suggests that Croats are the defenders and protectors of Christianity against the threat presented by Bosniaks as Muslims believing they are the “bulwark of Christendom”. Such interpretations of history and Christianity has led some priests to “bless” the slaughters prior to the crimes they were about to commit believing it was devotional and sacred work, pleasing God.