Covid-19 Pandemisinde, Travmatik Stres Belirtileri ve Ontolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Anksiyetenin Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Pervin Tunç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the intermediary role of anxiety in the relationship between traumatic stress symptoms and ontological well-being in individuals who have been exposed to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted online with 355 participants. A Socio Demographic Data Questionnaire, the Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Ontological Well-being Inventory were administered to participants. Most of the participants were between the ages of 18-25 (42%), female (76.9%), university graduates (43.4%) and single (53.5%). It has been found that as traumatic stress symptoms increase, the level of anxiety (state and trait) increases. Later, it was found that, as the level of traumatic stress symptoms and anxiety (state and continuous) increased, the level of ontological well-being decreased. In addition, anxiety was found to have an intermediary role in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and ontological well-being. The Covid-19 pandemic was found to increase traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety levels and to have a negative influence on ontological well-being. therefore, it is important for the mental health of society to develop psychotherapeutic methods and psychosocial support practices for individuals who have been exposed to the covid-19 pandemic, especially for fragile risk groups, to help future social mental health.

Смъртта като феномен на живота

Author(s): Denitsa Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents death as a phenomenon of life. From the point of view of philosophy, the topic of death is particularly significant as it allows to understand the essence of being and the meaning of life. It is argued that death gives meaning to human life. Emphasis is placed on the problem of existential fear of death and on the prerequisites for its occurrence.

OŽIVLJAVANJE KUHNOVE STRUKTURE ZNANSTVENIH REVOLUCIJA U ‘POSTPARADIGMATSKOM’ DOBU

Author(s): Dafne Vidanec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

In this paper the author deals with the key concept of Thomas S. Kuhn’s ‘The Structure of Scientific Revolutions’ regarding its relevance for understanding ontological foundations of the ‘COVID-19 phenomenon’ within the context of public discourse. The motive of the investigation is nicely summed up in the formulation that the ‘COVID-19 phenomenon’ reminds us of Kuhn: due to the popularity of its insights still, 50 years after the publication of his essay, it has a great impact on understanding certain issues attached to the role of science in the 21st century. In a certain way, according to its methodological structure, the whole essay might be seen as a universal taxonomy applied to science in general. The article explores the hermeneutical provenance of the issue, and uses Heidegger’s famous ‘not yet thinking’ axiom as the epistemological basis for Kuhn’s anticipatory explanation of the ‘COVID-19 phenomenon’. The opening section announces this theme. In the ‘Pre-contextualized assumptions’ of the discussion, the author shapes a discursive context for the ‘COVID-19 phenomenon’ as Heideggerian pragmata to the (German word) ‘Sorge’ concept referred to in Kuhn’s essay on scientific revolutions. The second section focuses on conceptual peculiarities and themes concerning ‘The Structure of Scientific Revolutions’. The meaning of crises and the paradigm concept is broadly explained in the last chapter, and partly continues in the conclusion.

TEMELJI ONTOLOGIJE TUBITKA U KANTOVU ODREĐENJU SUBJEKTA

Author(s): Martina Volarević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which Heidegger approximates Kant’s exposition of the subjectivity of the subject to his definition of there-being (Dasein). The subjectivity of the subject is presented by the a priori given abilities of the “I”, which are the basis of the possibility of every experience and morality of the subject. The paper analyses Heidegger’s interpretation of the power of imagination, apprehension, recognition of apperception and moral feeling. The analysis of Heidegger’s thinking of Kant’s definition of the subjectivity of the subject based on the destruction of the history of ontology shows it is possible to bring the incompatible into nearness; incompatible, because Heidegger’s definition of being-in-the-world of there-being starts with a critique of the object-relationship of the subject. Heidegger, understanding Kant’s philosophy on the basis of his own thought, reduces the subjectivity of the subject to the temporality of being “I” by basing apperception and the power of imagination in time, and the possibility of the authenticity of existence, which is shown as responsibility for one’s own dignity of Kant’s moral feeling.

Magia niepozornych rzeczy w twórczości Justyny Bednarek

Author(s): Małgorzata Ewa Chrobak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Małgorzata Ewa Chrobak’s aim in this article is to read Justyna Bednarek’s books for children from the perspective of “thing studies.” Chrobak investigates how everyday objects and their re-use are represented in a selection of those books, e.g., Nowe przygody skarpetek (jeszcze bardziej niesamowite) [The Socks’ New Adventures (More Amazing Than Ever)]; Banda Czarnej Frotté [The Band of the Black Frotté]; Skarpetki powracają! [The Socks Are Back!]; Zielone piórko Zbigniewa [Zbigniew’s Green Feather]; Skarpetki kontratakują! [The Socks Strike Back!]. Chrobak examines the possibilities of applying two interpretive categories to Bednarek’s fiction, those of “biography of things” and “cultural recycling.”

Implicitness of Lógos and Explicitness of Logics in Ancient Philosophy

Author(s): Nijaz Ibrulj / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

We consider semantic and syntactic transformations of the concept of "the logical" in the ancient philosophy in the form of crypto-logos, para-logismos, dia-logos, and syl-logismos. We interpret Heraclitus' concept of Logos as a cryptologos through which intuitive insight (epístasthai gnóomen) reveals hidden or implicit harmony (harmoníe aphanés) in nature (phýsis) as a conceptual unity of ontic opposites (tà enantía). In Pramenides' paraconsistent concept of the identity of Being and thought, we point to para-logical hypotheses about the One that are carried out through antithetical deductions of thought and which maintain the dynamics of the ontic determinations of being (ón) in the statics of the conceptual determinations of Being (tò eînai). As the beginning of the explicative granulation of ''the logical'' we consider Plato's concept of the dialectical skill (dialektikè tékhne) of dividing concepts of genus into species and sub-species that logically represent ontic opposites in problem-formulated questions. Finally Aristotle's concept of lógos as a statement-making sentence / proposition (lógos apophantikós) made explicit the Being (tò eînai), or the Being as Being (tò ón hê ón), in semantic and syntactic figures and modes of syllogistic inferences in which ontological (eînai), ontic (ón), conceptual (logikôos) and linguistic (légomenon) correspondence is shown. We conclude that with these changes in the concept of lógos, the path has been taken from the hidden or implicit Truth of the phenomena of nature and the world (pân) to explicit truthfulness of propositions as the unhiddeness (alétheia) of Being trough the semantical and syntactical visibility of the logical structures of being, thought and language in scientific knowledge based on demonstration (apoódeiksis).

Neke postavke Ibn Sine i Mulla Sadre Širazija o jednoznačnom i višeznačnom poimanju bitka

Author(s): Hasan Džilo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/2023

Islamic philosophers showed a great interest in the metaphysical heritage, and especially in the understanding of being and its poles. This includes, for example, analogical being, simple being, graded being, synonymous being, reflected or manifested being, necessary and possible being, impossible being, discontinuous being... Furthermore, they devoted themselves deeply to the distinction between essence and existence, potentiality and reality, general and individual. The analysis of the different treatment of these questions in Islamic philosophy shows that roots of the modern understanding of being and existence do not only reach back to scholastic philosophy in its middle phase (Thomas Aquinas or later to Francisco Suarez and Christian Wolff), as many researchers tend to claim, but to a much earlier period. However, we will focus here on some indications of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra Shirazi about the univocal and equivocal meaning of the concept of existence precisely in order to confirm the aforementioned thesis.

Метафизическо онтологизиране на съзнанието

Author(s): Georgi Donev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article substantiates the understanding of critical metaphysics as transcendental thinking, which defines the limits of transcendental consciousness. Transcendent thinking is explicated as a fundamental pre-object form of synthesis, which determines through non-classical logical language the existence of the possible objects of thought and knowledge. The thesis that the ontologization of consciousness is a relative form of thinking that constructs the interpretations of existence is substantiated. In this sense, ontology is understood as a universal comparability of interpretations that are a priori non-contradictory. On this basis, a reconstruction of the Platonic metaphysical understanding of the One and its rational explication through Kant's transcendental logic was realized.

Tapybos ontologija Arūno Vaitkūno kūryboje

Author(s): Odeta Žukauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 112/2022

The article examines the works of Arūnas Vaitkūnas, in which the contours of the ontology of painting emerge. In Vaitkūnas' art works, two ines are interconnected - being in painting and being of painting. Deepening the tradition of expressionism, the painter delves into the reflection of human existence and the reality proper to paintings. The sense of being and the awareness of its disappearance, a direct experience of specific place and time have become the main subjects of his paintings. He considers the ontological characteristics of painting and reflects on how painting opens being in the surface of the canvas, in the structure itself of the picture through the means of pictorial expression. Besides in his paintings, found objects and installations he questions of the identity of painting to gain a deeper understanding of the peculiarity of the media, the relationship with reality, as well as the limits, liminality and the possibilities of its expansion. The article hermeneutically interprets Vaitkūnas' works, which connect with philosophical insights of Jacques Derrida, Arvydas Šliogeris, Justinas Mikutis, and the paintings of Francis Bacon and Gerhard Richter, revealing attempts to ontologize painting and the searches for its extensiveness, leading to the primeval geoglyphs.

Biofilosofija: gyvybės „sacrum“ ir „profanum“

Author(s): Dalia Marija Stančienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 113/2022

Contemporary philosophy pays particular attention to the discourse on the diversity of life forms and the limits of biopolitical power. The American philosopher Eugene Thacker, who has analysed the concept of life from Aristotle to the present, argues that life has not been discussed in its own terms, but has been the subject of appeals to other disciplines, such as biology, theology, ontology and so on. Deleuze describes life as an impersonal, inorganic power, an absolute immanence that obeys only itself. His concept of pure immanence laid the foundations for the concept of biophilosophy. Foucault's analysis of the concept of life drew attention to the relationship between life and power, which he described as the basic mechanism of biopolitics. Now philosophers are looking for a new approach to understanding the essence of life, which would not be tied to the object and subject, but would be immanent only to itself. Biophilosophy attempts to provide such approach by rethinking classical philosophy.

Ръководство към хайдегеровото „Битие и време“

Author(s): Magda King / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

Ontological Vertigo: a natural state

Author(s): Kathryn Elizabeth Cook,Eric Hamm / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Doubt and uncertainty are treated as rather abnormal in society. Disturbing states of being, for example anxiety, impostor syndrome, guilt, and confusion, are common phenomena, yet viewed as something to address with psychology, overcome with virtues, or solve with goals and preoccupations to be a good person in decent mental health. If ontological vertigo is understood as a natural state of the human position between the finite and the infinite, the logical conclusion is that human existence is disorienting and uncomfortable. This study looks at the common modes of seeking groundedness: place, status, identity, vocation, potency, meaning, and essence. Existential positions are explored for endorsements of the state of anxiety. Lastly, the authors make an argument for considering ontological vertigo as a natural state instead of seeking false senses of stability.

Wilhelm Dilthey’s Rethinking of Hegelianism

Author(s): Iryna Liashenko / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

This article presents the main results of the rethinking of Hegel’s philosophy and Hegelianism, which Wilhelm Dilthey carried out in The History of Hegel’s Youth. This study is based on the author’s translation from the German of Wilhelm Dilthey’s work Die Jugendgeschichte Hegels. Hegel’s philosophy became one of the foundations of the picture of the natural world, the world of man, culture, and history, which even now functions as a paradigm of world philosophy and has a significant influence on modern intellectual culture and our image of the world. The article includes an analysis of the methodology developed by Wilhelm Dilthey for understanding Hegel’s philosophy, the central element of which is a personal approach. It reveals the intellectual background of Wilhelm Dilthey’s rethinking of Hegel’s philosophy and analyses the influence of Dilthey’s interpretation of Hegel’s philosophy on the transformation of the picture of the world of European culture, which is related to Hegel’s philosophy. The author proves that the cosmological model of Hegel’s philosophy is based on the personal experiences of the philosopher in his youth, which allows us to interpret Hegel’s philosophy as mystical, irrational, and pantheistic.

The Concept of Zhonghua in Modern Chinese Philosophy and its Cosmological Implications

Author(s): Sergii Rudenko / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

This article presents the results of a study of both Western and Far Eastern narratives of philosophical cosmology. The task of the study was to analyse the essential characteristics of philosophical cosmology in both Western and Far Eastern paradigms. This was made possible by clarifying the distinction between astronomy and cosmology, on the one hand, and philosophy and philosophical cosmology, on the other. The Greek word “??sµ??” is both etymologically and semantically different from the concept of “space.” If space has only one characteristic, it is an extension, and then the cosmos, being a phenomenon that is not static but dynamic, has internal forces and a movement towards self organisation and harmonisation. A person does not live in space, but in the world; such is the point of view of philosophical cosmology, which means that different cultures may have their own cosmology, which will need to be different. It is in this difference of philosophical cosmologies that the richness of philosophy is seen; by studying other cosmological worldviews, one can better understand one’s own. Scholars, including Weimin Sun, Robert Cummings Neville, and others, agree on the need to intensify interest in Chinese cosmology and its basic concepts. One such concept is Zhonghua. Modern Chinese philosophy is a combination of Marxist philosophy, traditional Chinese philosophy, and Western philosophy. One of the tasks of a modern researcher in China is to find possible points of contact, and common features in order to demonstrate the possible well-functioning cooperation of these currents. In addition, common features are found primarily in cosmology.

Power Transitions and Conflict in the 20th and 21st century

Author(s): Sanjay Pooran / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The geopolitical axis of the 21st century is indicative of a new world order that reflects power transitions as a vehicle for accelerated conflict. However, precedent rests not with historical analysis but with global changes towards political polarizing agendas. This article refutes the proposition that power shifts, such as those which caused so much conflict in the twentieth century, will be a key driver of conflict in the twenty-first century. Accordingly, the case is put forward that the fundamental ontological, and therefore epistemological, conditions of the international system have changed so radically in the last hundred years that the kinds of outcomes witnessed in the previous century, and previous system, are extremely improbable in the current day. For a case study, this paper looks at the clash between Western and Islamic civilisation, paying close attention to the rise in Islamism generally, Islamic terror groups specifically, and the confluences – in civilisational terms – between these two phenomena. In conclusion, the paper asserts that much evidence is available to support the contention that a clash between these civilisations will be a potent driver of conflict in the immediate future.

Hybridity in a Western Siberian Bear Ceremony

Author(s): Stephan Dudeck / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Hybridity is often discussed in connection with the postcolonial condition. The cultural revival of the Khanty bear ceremony in Western Siberia could be a perfect example. It is on one hand a key representation of local Indigenous ontology and on the other has become a token in cultural heritage preservation by state actors and a cultural commodity for local tourism and media outlets. Indigenous activists struggle against the loss of authenticity with ideas of purism and scholars identifying the amalgamation of Indigenous ritual elements with Christian ideas and inventions of tradition on the other hand. I argue that the perception of original purity of elements that develop into hybrid forms in the colonial and postcolonial context is somewhat misleading. Instead, I propose that we look at hybridity and purity as intertwined dialectical aspects of cultural politics with a multiplicity of voices and perspectives and negotiated relations at several levels.

Omul și Universul: devenirea omului după Vedānta

Author(s): Dragoș Dragoman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Human existence in the manifested reality has never been limited to pure material existence, to pure biological, chemical and physical observable processes. This is the „progress” of the modern natural science that downgraded human existence to its pure material foundations and refuses to acknowledge any other existential dimension. This is why modern psychology, for instance, is unable to exceed the simple states of mind and to look forward to the unveiling of the human spirit manifesting into material forms. Yet esoteric sciences and authentic religions still have access to this non-material manifestation. This is the case of Vedanta, which replaces the becoming of the human spirit on the ground of the realization of the Supreme Spirit in Nature. As a natural consequence, the fulfillment of the human condition is to embrace and dissolve into the infinite non-manifestation of the Supreme.

TO READ, TO FEEL, TO LIVE - THE NOVEL OF THE DAILY STORIES (MARIAN BARBU, COLONELUL DE LA GHIOL)

Author(s): Maria-Zoica Balaban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

The novel addresses a lecturer who has the know-how of getting into the magic of speculative discourse. Following the postmodernist logic, the text invokes simultaneous readings and decodings. For a lecturer who has exercised his mind with the potential of lived and assumed thought, Marian Barbu's text is a unique one: the confession of a life beyond the speculative magic of abstract concepts, a deconstruction of an epistemology with the purpose of a better settlement in ontology, in its potential to be. It is a novel about death and life, about feeling and sensing and about the memory’s fight against forgetfulness.

Dylematy transhumanizmu I: ewolucja biologiczno-technokulturowa a ulepszanie człowieka

Author(s): Teresa Grabińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (31)/2022

The article presents biological, social and technological-cultural evolution and biological-technological and purely cultural evolution. The last two are accompanied by the ideology of transhumanism and their basis is the new integrated technologies used in the current fourth industrial revolution and the planned fifth. Transhumanism seems to be replacing the traditional humanities. It aims to affirm the technicisation of inorganic and biological structures, including the human being, first bionised, then cyborgised and finally virtualised. The natural and social environment is to be technicised. Ontic and ethical problems arising in the face of the symbiosis of natural and technical entities are pointed out.

Umwelt in an umwelt: Co-developing within immersive virtual environments and the paradoxical nature of reality and hyperreality

Author(s): Alec Kozicki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper examines how to model immersive virtual environments using Kalevi Kull’s ecosemiotic model of four degrees of nature. Using this theoretical model allows for an investigation into the paradoxical nature of reality and hyperreality, which is a novel approach to understanding how a user co-develops with both their physical and immersive virtual environments. Analysis for the four degrees of nature within the virtual space reveals that an immersive virtual environment emerges from an imaginative void, contains milieu that users can recognize and interact with, offers the action-potentiality (affordances) for altering and changing materials within the virtual space, and the reproductive nature which converges the boundaries of reality and hyperreality during the meaning-making process for users. Additionally, this paper elaborates how technological household goods in the past century have integrated texts into the cultural construct of a home. The paper identifies how immersive virtual environments alter an inhabitant’s perception and interactions within the home and explains how to model immersion, which is important for future research of user behaviour in the digital age of new media.