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Modern Architecture and Ideology in German Children’s Literature

Author(s): Jörg Meibauer / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

Architecture, in the real world as well as in the fictional world of children’s literature, seems always to be connected with ideology, i.e. a system of beliefs held by a social group or society as a whole. This is shown with respect to German children’s literature dealing with famous buildings of the 20th century, namely the semi-detached house by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret in the Stuttgart Weißenhofsiedlung that is portrayed in Hannelore erlebt die Großstadt by Clara Hohrath (1935 [1931]), the Hochhaus an der Weberwiese by Hermann Henselmann in the Berlin Stalinallee, figuring in Die Flaschenpost im Hochhaus by Annegret Hofmann and Helga Leue (1988), and the 660–680 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Chicago, described in Alles Bauhaus? Eine fantastische Zeitreise mit Mia und Lucas by Ingolf Kern, Werner Möller and Kitty Kahane (2019).

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Reception of Prosocial Literary Role Models by Children of Younger School Age

Author(s): Dávid Dziak / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

The aim of the study is to clarify how a younger school-aged child perceives literary heroes who represent prosocial literary role models, and thus provide evidence for the positive trace of prosocial literary role models in the (prosocial) development of the child reader. The research was conducted on a sample of 24 participants (average age 9.04 years) using research methods such as product content analysis, projective interview and writing techniques. Empirical research gave a positive clue, which the specific literary text with the prosocial literary role model “printed” into the notion of prosociality in the child. The prosocial literary role model may perhaps therefore be used in education as an effective tool in the (prosocial) upbringing of the child of younger school age.

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Nazivi za slikovnicu (Bilderbuch) u hrvatskim rječnicima u 19. stoljeću

Author(s): Matijas Baković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2022

The paper presents the terms for picturebook used in dictionaries of the Croatian language since the appearance of the first translation of the German term “Bilderbuch” in the middle of the nineteenth century. An attempt is made to reconstruct the path taken by the translations of the German term and the presence of each of the terms in Croatia at the time. By researching the Croatian-German dictionaries of the period, the dates of the first appearance of the term and its Croatian equivalents are established.

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Filmowość języka poetyckiego Czesława Miłosza

Author(s): Zbigniew Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

The paper develops the thesis on the movielike nature of Czesław Miłosz’s early poetry. It includes the premises of the thesis in contrast to innovative currents of the epoch. The paper discusses applying terms from the language of film as adequate when compared to the Nobel Prize winner’s synecdochic technique of imaging which is shown as the structural algorithm of the world of poetic multivoiceness. The paper displays the relation between ethics, philosophy and theology with the imaging of a poem. It proves that the advancement of the synecdochic-film technique, from figurativeness to the fluency of a take, is connected with balancing the Gnostic aversion of the poet towards the reality of body and matter. The balance between the feeling of terror of existence and its affirmation was favourable for creating fluent series: partes pro toto derived from the coming together of a name and a respected item, as well as accepting beings which are transcendent in their nature. The author of the paper states that through comparing the language of poetry and the language of film it was possible to show the poetic nature of Miłosz’s poems.

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When I Fall in Love with Machine.O tożsamości kulturowej Tajwańczykóww epoce postmediów, cyberfizycznej kultury przemysłowej i wojen technologicznych oraz roli, jaką odgrywa działalność artystyczna w jej wytwarzaniu

Author(s): Anna Gryszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2022

This article could be read as a multi-voice, dynamic and being-in-progress model of relations that connect (could be linked to) a choreographic clip of the Taiwanese dance group Huang Yi Studio +, the establishment of a new Daimler AG factory in Sindelfingen and a sudden acceleration of work on Comprehensive Agreement on Investment between China and the EU at the end of 2020. Considering all of these events, I ask the question: What is the cultural identity of Taiwanese in the era of post-media, cyber-physical industrial culture and technological wars, and what role does artistic activity play in its production.

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Słupskie dyskursy migracyjne. Konteksty literaturoznawcze i teatralne

Author(s): Anna Sobiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2022

This article aims to describe narratives regarding migration within Slupsk's cultural sphere and their contextual reflections in theatre. The article begins with a comparative analysis of local biographies written down in personal documents, such as the yet-to-be-published Wspomnienia pierwszych słupszczan (“Memories of the first residents of Slupsk”), and the published accounts of Slupsk's residents in Mój nowy dom (“My new home”). The above works are then examined through the lens the of literary discourse surrounding migratory identity.

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Mapping the symbolic capital of a nation: Riga in fin-de-siècle Latvian novels

Author(s): Benedikts Kalnačs,Pauls Daija / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article concentrates on the representation of Riga in six fin-de-siècle Latvian novels written by Augusts Deglavs, Jānis Poruks, and Andrejs Upīts. The relations between the country and the city were changing significantly at the time due to growing social mobility in the Baltic littoral. However, in this paper we also argue that to a considerable extent the descriptions of Riga preserve principles previously employed by Latvian writers who tend to focus on minute descriptions instead of mapping a broader territory. The representation of living conditions in Riga thus fluctuates between true-tolife episodes and the recycling of certain stereotypes that determine the overall perception. More specific elements enter into literary texts in two ways. First, as psychological close-ups become more nuanced, they suggest closer links between fictional characters and carefully depicted milieus. Secondly, in our last example we discover an ideologically conscious effort of Latvian identity construction as the author, Deglavs, promotes the necessity of mapping Riga as the symbolic national capital, thus summarising and transforming ideas already implicit in earlier representations of the city.

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Le voyage et la conception déplacée de la diversité

Author(s): Alaner İmamoğlu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

Diversity designates an essential and constitutive conception for Comparative Literature, the discipline which has a particular interest in the Other, the one who is situated outside the limits that define the conform and the habitual. In this respect, the act of going away becomes equivalent to an initiative that might offer an unusual experience for the individual who changes place and discovers a new condition of being and living. Writer travellers, among those who promote such an act of movement, render the experience of the unusual conditions through which the diverse is exposed to their senses. By taking as reference the words of the writer travellers from the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries who represent a geo-cultural diversity, this work aims to display that multitude of conceptual aspects that create for the traveller a condition of exchange, innovation and creativity. Actually, in travel, an exceptional experience takes places that is also the origin of the creation of literary works intended to relate the diverse, a notion with the capacity to propound overtures related to the understanding of the Other and to suggest new ‘displacing’ approaches, which the comparative discipline of literatures can appropriate in a more inclusive, visible and sensible way.

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The Problematic Vernacular

Author(s): Simon J. Bronner / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Although many disciplines dropped the use of “vernacular” in the 21st century because of the term’s connotations of primitivism, classism, and marginalization arising from 19th-century colonialism, the term has risen in usage among folklorists and ethnologists in the early 21st century. Three distinct streams of usage are identified and analyzed for their nuanced meaning: linguistics, religion, and architecture. Folkloristic and ethnological usage is traced to concern whether ‘vernacular’, despite its problematic historic context, is preferable to ‘folk’ as a modifier of areas of inquiry, many of which are into fluid, non-objectified categories such as belief, faith, and play. A rhetorical shift coinciding with social change from analog to digital communication is apparent to binaries of official/unofficial and formal/ informal in cultural analysis. A further and possibly fringe development has been an ideological strategy represented by the compound term ‘stigmatized vernacular’ that embraces rather than repudiates cultural hierarchy. The evaluation of the problematic adoption by 21st-century folklorists and ethnologists of ‘vernacular’ is that it reifies the very problems that the users intended to resolve.

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Buying a God in Paris: Cultural Hybridity in the Thinking of Yuri Vella, Forest Nenets Intellectual

Author(s): Eva Toulouze,Liivo Niglas,Laur Vallikivi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper analyses highly creative and hybrid practices which tie the Indigenous Siberian, European Christian and Soviet worlds in unexpected ways. Reflecting on the Forest Nenets reindeer herder, poet and intellectual Yuri Vella’s understanding of the religious, the authors discuss an episode of turning an icon-like painting of Madonna with Child into a Nenets ‘god’. This took place in Paris half a year before Yuri’s death. First, we present his short biography, emphasising the key moments that shaped his cosmological and religious sensibilities. Then we depict a ritual of ‘god-making’ by using the ethnographic technique of thick description and then comment on it from various angles and discuss what they reveal about Yuri’s understanding of personhood and agency, relations with deities and other humans. Finally, we explain how animist notions and Christian elements become entangled in his religious thinking.

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Socjolog, socjologia, komentarz (na tle twórczości francuskiego socjologa Raymonda Arona)

Author(s): Marcin Gacek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2022

Marcin Gacek’s reflection on sociological commentary in this article has been inspired by the scientific achievements and sociological reflections of French sociologist Raymond Aron. In his work, Aron combines the reliability and sensitivity of description, directly related to his sociological research, with erudite style and a phenomenal sense of the social pulse characteristic of an outstanding observer who is scientifically engaged in commenting on present-day issues. The basic question that Gacek poses is, Is it possible to practice sociology while writing commentary?

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Współczesna powieść historyczna — stąd do starożytności

Author(s): Mikołaj Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2022

Mikołaj Jerzy Woźniak’s aim in this article is to characterize the contemporary historical novel. Woźniak examines critically Paweł Ćwikła’s assumptions regarding the essential features of fictional historical literature. As a case study, Woźniak analyzes the work of Ewa Kassala, an internationally acclaimed author of Polish descent. Using Nathalie Heinich’s narrative method in his research, Woźniak identifies the main themes in Kassala’s work, which allows him to confirm the outset assumptions. Kassala puts emphasis on timeless fictional events, while paying ample attention to historical realism. An additional element, following the example of Henryk Sienkiewicz, is the idea that historical fiction should “fortify the hearts of the readers” and raise their morale.

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Jednostki — postawy — struktura społeczna (na przykładzie wybranych bohaterów dystopijnych powieści Margaret Atwood)

Author(s): Maria Banaś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2022

This article presents a sociological analysis of the literary dystopias of Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood: the MaddAddam trilogy and The Handmaid’s Tale and its 2020 sequel Testaments. Maria Anna Banaś regards as key issues and contexts those that clearly and unambiguously build Atwood’s image of the social world, and which Banaś reads through the prism of the sociology of literature. The basic question is, What is the structure of the social world in Atwood’s works? Banaś seeks answers by referring, among other ideas, to Robert K. Merton’s types of adaptation of individuals to the changing social structure.

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Kultura i sztuka ulicy w Maghrebie na przykładzie Algierii i Tunezji. Zarys problemu

Author(s): Anna Barska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2022

In her article, Anna Barska presents various strategies used by social actors to manifest their desire to speak, to break taboos and to make sense of their presence in the city. The places represented, the time, the themes and the creator(s) are a form of message and communication. The examples Barska discusses, i.e., Algiers, Oran, Tunis and Djerba, are helpful in understanding the complexity of the socio-cultural and political life in the Maghreb.

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Naruszenia pamięci o Holokauście w dziedzinie sztuki

Author(s): Jakub Witt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2021

Dziedzictwo martyrologiczne związane z Holokaustem bywa przez niektórych artystów obierane jako temat ich dzieł (szeroko rozumianej) sztuki. Motywacje twórców mogą być różne: od najbardziej szczytnych, takich jak oddanie czci i wzniosłe upamiętnienie, przez przestrogę, przypominanie o zbrodniach nazistowskich, inne społecznie ważne wartości, terapię traumy Holokaustu, krytykę określonych postaw czy obowiązującej narracji historycznej, zwykłą bezmyślność lub poszukiwanie rozgłosu, aż po nienawiść, antysemityzm czy negacjonizm. Choć działalność artystyczna dysponuje poszerzoną legitymacją do operowania na granicy obowiązującego porządku społecznego, do którego zaliczają się również dobra prawne w postaci pamięci narodowej czy kultu zmarłych, nie powinno dochodzić do przekraczania tej granicy. Autor przywołał wybrane przykłady dzieł sztuki, próbując dociec intencji ich twórców i stwierdzić, czy doszło do naruszenia pamięci o Holokauście. Wprowadzenie ścisłej karnoprawnej ochrony dziedzictwa martyrologicznego i pamięci narodowej byłoby trudne, pojęcia te nie mają bowiem definicji normatywnej, a ich wartościowanie może zależeć od subiektywnych przekonań. Każdy przypadek naruszenia pamięci wymaga indywidualnej oceny i nie sposób przyjąć zobiektywizowanych kryteriów jej dokonywania, czego wymagałyby zasady prawa karnego.

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Violations of Holocaust Memory in Art

Author(s): Jakub Witt / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

Artists sometimes choose the martyrial legacy of the Holocaust as the topic for their works of (broadly defined) art. The motivations of the artists may vary from the most noble, such as reverence and full-throated commemoration, through warnings, remembrances of Nazi crimes, other socially significant values, therapy for trauma suffered during the Holocaust, criticism of certain attitudes or current historical narration, simple unthinkingness or the search for publicity, to hatred, anti-Semitism and denialism. Even if art has a scopious legitimacy to operate on the edges of the binding social order, which also includes legal goods such as national memory or cults of remembrance of the fallen, there still exists a border that should not be crossed. In the present article, the author cites selected examples of works of art in an attempt to determine the intentions of their creators and whether or not the memory of the Holocaust has been violated. It would be difficult to implement a form of strict legal protection of the martyrial heritage and national memory because these concepts do not possess a normative definition and estimations of their value may depend on subjective beliefs. Each case of a violation of memory requires individual evaluation, and it is impossible to adopt objective criteria that would be conducive to the stipulations of criminal law.

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Eesti arhitektid ja Urban Internationale, 1920–1940

Author(s): Karin Hallas-Murula / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01+02/2023

The article examines the involvement of Estonian architects in the international architecture scene in the 1920s-1930s, with an emphasis on contacts with the IFHTP. The IFHTP – International Federation for Housing and Planning – was the most geographically extensive, the largest in terms of membership and the most active international organisation dealing with urban planning and housing in the 1920s and 1930s. The focus is on the participation of Estonian architects and city officials in IFHTP congresses and exhibitions. The article studies the influence of foreign contacts on architectural ideology, planning and design in Estonia in the 1920s and 1930s.

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From a Critique of the Soviet System to a Critique of Anthropocentrism

Author(s): Erika Grigoravičienė / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/2023

This article explores the creative work of several young Lithuanian painters who debuted in the late 1970s and created an informal group they called Penketas, or The Five. These ‘bad boys’ tested their era’s boundaries of official norms of art and the limits of decency. Their paintings were distinctly detached, highly self-reflexive and inter-iconic. This article presents the creative work of The Five in an international context, but also reveals new contemporary relevance, demonstrating that the group’s strategies of transgression and subversion might be understood today as something more than a reaction to the Soviet policy of ‘humanising’ art.

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Afektiivne teater Teater NO99 Friedrich Schilleri moraalse sentimentalismi jalajälgedes

Author(s): Johannes Saar / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01+02/2023

This paper has multiple aims. First, it elaborates on 18th century moral sentimentalism as exemplified by Friedrich Schiller’s Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man from 1795 (henceforth referred to simply as Letters in this paper). Second, it draws an evolutionary line of continuity and family resemblance from the emphasis in Letters to the emotional sensitivity and sensuous perception of 21st century affect theories. Third, it applies a common theoretical focus on the involuntary and impulsive corporeal reactions of both (i.e. the Letters and the affect theories) in an analysis of post-dramatic theatre performances in order to revise and enrich their somewhat leftist reception with the cluster of notions related to psychosomatic affect theories. Thereby, new augmented pathways are indicated for the reading of the post-dramatic project, Ühtne Eesti Suurkogu, by NO99 theatre from more than a decade ago.

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Kroonika

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01+02/2023

The chronicle of events

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