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One of the most frequently used sources by the researchers about the crusades of Władysław Varnenchik and Yanosh Hunyadi of 1443–1444 are the “Notes of the janissary”, written by Konstantin Mihailovich. This source has been already reviewed by H. Kolarov. It also has been used by B. Cvetkova, K. Gagova and others. Till now, the only translation made in the Bulgarian historiography was of chapter XXVIII, revealing the government of the Ottoman Empire. There has been none known translation of the chapters describing the anti-ottoman campaigns from the middle of XV century. In the following paper will be translated chapters XXI, XXII and XXIII, dedicated to those campaigns. Chapter XXI describes the “Long campaign”. In chapter XXII are followed the abdication of sultan Murad II to his son Mehmed II and his later return to the throne. Chapter XXIII is dedicated to the Battle of Varna that took place on 10.XI.1444. The part from the “Notes of the janissary”, concerning the crusades of Władysław Varnenchik and Yanosh Hunyadi of 1443–1444 in its integrity could be accepted as a reliable source. Despite the existence of some inaccuracy in it, the comparison to the other historical data, lead us to the conclusion that this written source could be used by the researchers of this topic.
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An analysis of French Diplomatic Reports concerning economic activities on the most known annual fair on the Balkan territories of The Ottoman Empire
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What is the promise of the new president Georges Pompidou about the main lines in his foreign policy? An answer is given based on unpublished documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. They reveal views that he defended for 40 years as a statesman and a longtime associate of de Gaulle. Invariably, when a politician of the caliber of General de Gaulle comes off the stage, the issue of successor emerges, not only as a person with their quality but also as a politician with their future programme. This topic is especially crucial in France, where the president defines and controls the foreign policy. Documents by Bulgarian diplomatic representatives from the period of the administration of Charles de Gaulle and of Georges Pompidou allow us to answer questions such as: whether the foreign policy activity of the new head of state completely covered with that of the General with capital “G”; whether there were differences; in the context of which historical events they occurred; what were the personalities that affected its shape, both internationally and nationally. Thus the article reveals a Bulgarian view of the international relations in the period of the Cold War and fills a niche with these unpublished documents from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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In the paper an agribusiness was described as the peculiar departmentof the national economy. A notion was defined agrologistic, as logistic activityadapted for needs of the agribusiness. The findings concerning the state of the logisticsin enterprises of the farm and food industry were presented. They effectedrecognizing situation in the management of supplies and stock, transport, informationmanagement and the management of packages. They stated that the farm andfood industry was coming across problems caused by dispersing suppliers, appliesdiversified solutions in the supply, the management of the wrestling, storing, thetransport, the relation with customers and consumers, or also using decision supportsystems and computer networks. Relatively poorly modern technologies beingbased on airwaves are being used, more willingly bar codes are being used.In relations with customer/partners a phone contact is dominating. Amongst holdingenterprises computer systems are dominating associated with finances, withbookkeeping and work office.
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This paper presents preliminary findings on memories from the period of post-socialist transformation and on related narrative constructs of agency in autobiographical interviews with practicing lawyers from Poland and Russia. The study is based on 25 interviews with individuals born in the late-1930-s, 1940-s and 1950-s. Six different types of narrative accounts about the period of post-socialist transformations are identified and described: (i) trailblazer narratives; (ii) follower narratives; (iii) narratives of volatility; (iv) narratives of continuity; (v) latecomer narratives and (vi) narratives of social decay.
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The article provides full texts of the contracts and bills related to the silver items founded for the Church of St Thomas the Apostle in Nowe Miasto Lubawskie by the local Dean and Parish Priest Jan Ewertowski. Almost all the pieces were executed by the goldsmith Jacob Weintraub (1660-1724). Member of the Torun Guild from 1692, Weintraub also represented craftsmen in the Town Chamber of Commons. Weintraub completed Ewertowski’s first commission in 1711-13, within the time providing a large monstrance, a thurrible, a navicula, a chalice meant for nearby Szwarcenowo, an application for the painting of St Joseph, and a smaller monstrance funded by the burgher Michael Freywald. Furthermore, he repaired and gilded some cruets, making a little tray to match. The second lot of items were created in 1727-28, when Weintraub was commissioned to execute two chalices, a reliquary cross, and four sumptuous candle holders. Following Weintraub’s death another goldsmith, most likely currently unidentified Toruń master, made two figures of angels. The total value of all the above silver items amounted to almost 3,600 Polish zlotys. The presented documents, previously unknown, have allowed for new ascertainment as for the foundation’s circumstances. The contracts show that the Nowe Miasto Parish Priest precisely defined the appearance of the commissioned works, attaching appropriate sketches, and specifying their dimensions or weight. Ewertowski must have been pleased with the Toruń master’s output, since regardless of the delays with the delivery of the works, he would only commissions him to execute new orders.The literature on the subject has previously only presented the preserved works, or the ones lost in the 1980s, but recorded photographically. The application on the painting of St Joseph was not associated with Jacob Weintraub. He was, however, erroneously attributed the pair of cruets which he actually only repaired and gilded. The analyzed documents also allow to reconstruct the pricelist at Weintraub’s workshop. 12-lot fine silver was 20 Polish zlotys a grzywna, while the workmanship was additionally valued at 6 Polish zlotys a grzywna., Such prices did not differ from those requested by other Toruń masters active in the 18th century. Worth mentioning is the fact that the presented contracts and bills are currently the only known such records related to the craft of the Toruń goldsmiths.
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The raw material for this article came from the nine volume edition of letters written by Orzeszkowa to her friends, acquaintances, publishers etc. The authors reveal and review the authoress’ statements concerning her own literary works and the language used to translate them, while also discussing the meticulousness of proofreaders and Orzeszkowa’s mastery of foreign languages. Other issues include the writer’s attitude to the Russian language, Russian culture and Russification of Poles, her role in defending of the Polish spirit and promoting the Polish language, her opinions on other writers and their language, statements about the Linde dictionary, interests in botanical nomenclature, mentions of north Borderlands Polish dialect, reflections on the correctness of specific language facts, contacts with eminent philologists and linguists.
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Das Institut für Rechtskultur Ordo Iuris mit Sitz in Warschau wurde 2003 als Nichtregierungsorganisation gegründet, um die Kompetenzen juristischer Akademiker und Praktiker in projektbezogenen Arbeiten zu bündeln. Hierdurch soll auf die Bewahrung und Verteidigung einer auf Achtung vor der Menschenwürde, dem Recht und der Freiheit gegründete Rechtskultur hingearbeitet werden.
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Im Strafbefehl vom 06.07.2021 wird mir zur Last gelegt, volksverhetzende Inhalte verbreitet zu haben. Und zwar sollen in dem von mir verfassten Artikel homosexuelle Personen pauschal von mir diffamiert und in ihrer Menschenwürde verletzt worden sein. Dies ist jedoch unzutreffend. Diesen Vorwurf weise ich entschieden zurück. Wer den Artikel und die Fußnoten genau liest und den Gesamtkontext berücksichtigt, wird erkennen, dass der strafrechtliche Vorwurf gegen mich von Anfang an keine Grundlage hatte.
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In der Ausgabe Januar/Februar 2021 der Zeitschrift “Theologisches“ habe ich den Artikel “Über die Notwendigkeit, homosexuelle Cliquen in der Kirche zu begrenzen“ publiziert. Ich habe darin eine Dominanz homosexueller Geistlicher in der katholischen Kirche beklagt und homosexuelle Priester als große Gefahr für die gesamte Kirche beschrieben.
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Przed laty otrzymałem od bpa Edwarda Samsela dość pokaźny poszyt zatytułowany Bp Mikołaj Sasinowski z prośbą, abym pomógł mu uporządkować zawarte w nim materiały i ewentualnie w przyszłości je opublikować. Krótko potem wyjechałem do pracy w Niemczech, a trzy lata później odszedł do domu Ojca bp Edward Samsel (17 stycznia 2003 r.). Po dwudziestu latach, robiąc „remanent” w swoich zbiorach, odnalazłem tę teczkę. Mimo że nie ma wśród żyjących bpa Edwarda Samsela, wróciła na nowo myśl opublikowania materiałów dotyczących bpa Mikołaja Sasinowskiego, w tym jego dziennika, pisanego na maszynie, z czasów II wojny światowej (od 1 września 1939 r. do 25 kwietnia 1941 r.).
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