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The article refers to the field study made in 2013 with the aim of initial screening of the situation of the ethnic groups of Southern China. The province of Hunan was visited with particular emphasison its capital Changsha, and the western part of the province, inhabited by ethnic minorities known as Xiangxi. The collected materials proves that globalization in China brought far-reaching changesnot only in the well-known regions of the wealthy coast, but also in remote, in accessible peripheralareas. With regards to the national minorities of the South of China, a new social phenomena appearedon such a large scale, that the signifi cant migration of national minorities to the coastal citieshas had important and far-reaching social consequences. The article contains a new typology that distinguishes two different types of Sinicization: voluntarily and extraneous.
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In today’s global world, sustainability is an important concept for providing the continuity of world’s sources and the persistence of evolvement. From economic point of view, natural resources are scarce and these scarce resources should be used economical while satisfying the humans’ needs and wants. At this point sustainability is an important factor so that it is approached by many disciplines. It is known that there is a definite and close relationship between development and sustainability. By a sustainable development, the regional geography (in micro base), and national economy, national environment (in macro base) would be affected positively. One of the concepts about sustainable development from regional point of view is “cittaslow” concept. The roots of cittaslow concept is directly related with sustainability, equal environmental and economic factors and a totalitarian economic development. According to this, regional governments do have effect on the sustainability of the cittaslow concept. According this fact, in this research, it is going to be evaluated the perception of the local governors’ of Artvin –Şavşat region (which gets cittaslow title at the ceremony performed in 21-23 June 2013) to cittaslow concept. According to the answers given by the local governors of Artvin-Şavşat region, a consideration will be handled about the perception of local governors to the cittaslow concept.
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The research conducted in this paper had a goal to investigate, clarify, determine the differentiating element which includes the separation of liberalism, as the civil society’s initial stage, from political, economic, legal organization of a society in a situation where the principles of bourgeois epoch regulate post-liberalism and global flows of civil integration through its validity. The liberalism is associated with the affirmation o f human and civil rights, equality and freedom, for which there are factual and ideological reasons and their concrete implementation and respect based on the inviolability of the same rights of others. Within the implementation of civil dependencies and enabling economic coercion, the basis of liberalism undoubtedly leads in providing the prerequisites for achieving political freedom, legal equality and economic justice. By setting and dynamizing certain civil relations, liberalism as a stage has affirmed civil rights and liberties crucially shaped by the concept of appropriate ways and motives of economic relations. A key feature of civil society, and thus liberalism, which split with the feudal formation is the establishing the produced relations, the constitution of the development on the principles of civil dependence and economic coercion. Principles and dependence are determiners of civil society, civic order and development, and precisely with its development civil society changes the base, which in regards with the many determinants, different characters, generated contradictions, antagonisms, their expression and possible resolution, or overcoming, include significantly upgraded the validity of principles. Thus liberalism is a form of civic and economic activity, the prominence of the period, as opposed to the role, functions of differently predominant well-established principles of civic organizations. In this establishment, more advanced organization of civic domination, retained the principles of bourgeois liberalism, i.e. their functions included in the activity of integration flows and separate from achievable aspects of domination of these flows, provide support to the basic infrastructure of global integration. Certain civic standpoint, their appropriate vocabulary, by reconstructing relevant facts and historical facts of the development, maintaining and providing things and the emergence of the civil process, whether its development adapts to a certain scheme or permeating civic development with the scheme, by customized presentation of creating and production o f civil relations these relations introduce a mourning game of glass beads.
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Twenty five years after the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the reemergence of the Central Asian Republics as independent States, this region continues to be the scene of rivalries amongst the big powers (Russia, China, the European Union, USA, India, Japan, Turkey and Iran) competing in a sort of a “new Grand Game” to increase their geopolitical and economic influence in the region. Its geography, diverse and rich natural resources, like oil and gas, explain the ongoing hidden rivalries. Despite its common historical and cultural past, Central Asia constitutes a heterogeneous region with a multiethnic and multi-linguistic composition and a low degree of physical, economic and trade integration. The lack of mutual trust, the persisting tension over borders and the use and sharing of natural resources, as well as different levels of economic performance have so far jeopardized the development of genuine regional cooperation. Against this background, the idea behind the Chinese OBOR Initiative to develop rapid transportation, if well implemented, could theoretically, by improving interregional connectivity, develop the Central Asia regional market and foster intergovernmental cooperation and people-to-people contacts within the region. In this context, could we expect that the ambitious Chinese OBOR Initiative will boost geopolitical stability and promote shared economic and trade benefits in Central Asia? What are the conditions for that need to be fulfilled? The author analyzes in depth certain crucial political, economic and institutional requirements for the successful implementation of the OBOR Strategy and concludes, however, that three years after the launching of this crucial instrument of the Chinese “globalization without democracy” model, its implementation faces major problems and thus raises more doubts than certainties.
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It is shown that the modern South of Russia (multiethnic, multipolar, with pronounced interterritorial differences in the demographic situation) continues to maintain its importance as a highly problematic and geostrategically significant macro-region of the Russian Federation. The increasing polycentrism of regional development is accentuated, the migration attractiveness of the cities of the South of Russia is characterized, the ethnodemographic transformations characteristic for them are revealed. The geoconcept of the "Greater South of Russia" is proposed, its main structural components are specified.
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The review of: „The International Mobility of Talent: Types, Causes and Development Impact“ by Andrés Solimano (editor); UNU-WIDER, Oxford University Press – Oxford, New York, 2008, pp. 371
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The term “Silk Road” is used in two senses – literal and metaphorical. At the time of the original sense of this term the Arab world was a centre of global trade. Later, however, the centre of global commerce shifted gradually westwards, driven by the disasters and calamities that affl icted the Arab world. Much later, however, the fortunes of the world trade began to revive, particularly starting from the Far East to the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Some economists today are talking about “a revival of the Silk Road” – in its literal rather than metaphorical sense. Today the economic focus on the Silk Road has never been stronger. This article stresses that the new Silk Road also has a cultural side and discusses numerous ways of its refl ection.
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In a new attempt to give a definition of Serbian national identity, it is of a decisive significance to make a connection between critically valued tradition from one side, and globalisation requests from the other side. The fruitful connection between the old and the new is possible only if Serbia succeed in the construction of democratic and noncorrupted state institutions that will create a rational consciousness of Serbian distinctness, as well as that of the values of exterior world. In this delicate affair of self-definition, the major responsibility lies on political elites and ideological projects openly or stealthily favored by them, that are reflected best in media (public opinion) and educational institutions.
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Introductory part of the paper briefly presents the case study of sacred geography. This scientific discipline, as a branch of cultural geography, deserves more attention due to the development of cultural tourism and the protection of cultural heritage in globalization. Aim is to systematize and display characteristics of sacred objects and places of pilgrimage in the traditional orthodox Christianity. The author hopes that this work will attract the attention of geographers and intellectual circles, and stimulate researchers to devote greater attention to this important and current issue.
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Les liens entre Byzance, les Balkans et l'Europe sous-tendent une relation d'interaction dans la longue durée. Afin de mieux comprendre la spécificité sud-est européenne, il est nécessaire de tenir compte des particularités de son patrimoine culturel et historique. Il est notamment important d'avoir en vue les caractéristiques structurelles ré- gionales telles que les rapports entre les institutions d'Etat et les corps de société, les spécificités structurelles, culturelles et anthropologiques héritées des périodes révolues, ainsi que des disparités quant à la dynamique des échangés dans le domaine de l'économie d'Etat relayée par l'économie de marché. L'inertie des corps représentatifs, les insuffisances des institutions démocratiques, la déliquescence des rapports sociaux, la faiblesse de la société civile, les lacunes de l'urbanisation. Pénomènes dont les effets entravent de manière significative l'apaisement des antagonismes ethno-confessionels, le processus de modernisation, ainsi que la dynamique des intégrations européennes dans la région. Situé sur un plan géopolitique cet espace implique une antériorité de zone de contact faite d'enchevêtrement, de frictions et d'animosités interethniques et confessionnelles issus d'universalismes les plus souvent antagonistes et peu compatibles. Le Sud-Est européen comprend en outre un considérable potentiel d'alternance entre brassages et synthèses de différents systèmes et d'hiérarchies de valeurs, d'une part, et de charge conflictuelle d'autre part. Faut-il rappeler ainsi l'expérience d'un passé aussi bien récent que plus lointain, celui qui énonce que c'est dans cette partie de notre Continent que l'Europe joue tout ou partie de son devenir?
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Book review: Niall Ferguson, Th e Power of Money, Belgrade: Official Gazette, 2012 This article seeks to highlight the connection between economics and politics through the role of money, which left traces and in earlier historical periods. It indicates to its various forms, but mainly on the same outcome and goal. Primarily it is started from the role and power of money in financing the wars, then the increasing tendency for better results and destructive power, and to the role of money in politics and the relationship between military and financial power. Money was created out of necessity, it has facilitated trade, but at the same time complicated relationships. Money is power, it is one of the ways to manifest the power of the global world. It can be said that the power of money is necessary the explanation of the modern world.
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Osvrt na knjigu Najl Ferguson, Moć novca, Beograd: Službeni glasnik, 2012. Ovaj tekst nastoji da ukaže na vezu između ekonomije i politike kroz ulogu novca, koja je ostavljala tragove i u ranijim istorijskim periodima. Ukazuje na njegove različite oblike, ali pretežno na uvjek isti ishod i cilj. Prvenstveno se polazi od uloge i moći novca pri fi nansiranju ratova, zatim sve većom težnjom za boljim uspjehom i razornom moći, pa sve do uloge novca u politici kao i povezanosti vojne i fi nansijske moći. Novac je nastao iz potrebe, on je olakšao trgovinu, ali je u isto vrijeme zakomplikovao međuljudske odnose. Novac jeste moć, on je jedan od načina kojim se manifestuje moć globalnog svijeta. Može se reći da je moć novca nužno objašnjenje savremenog svijeta.
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With the advances of globalisation and technology, English dominates international politics, the economy and culture. Spoken by over a quarter of the world’s population and enhanced by the presence of the Internet, it enjoys an unparalleled dominance in global communication and has affected people’s lives across the globe.This study explores the perception of Indonesian high school students towards the impact of English on the Indonesian language and culture amids concerns about the hegemony of the international language and the country’s efforts to maintain its national language. As many as 333 students from five schools in Salatiga, Central Java, participated in this research by filling out a Likert-scaled questionnaire. Unlike previous studies investigating a similar issue in the context of Indonesia, the study demonstrates strongly divided responses from the participants towards English. The students’ religions and majors were also shown to be significant factors affecting the responses. Conducted on a wider scope, this research overall reveals stronger perceived tensions between the national language/culture and English than what has been demonstrated in previous research.
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It has been found that the end of the Cold War conflicts and the victory of liberal democracy and market economy models negatively affected the Slavic cultural identity values, through the process of the creating new nation states originating after the collapse of the USSR and the dissolution of both the former Soviet Empire in the Eastern Europe and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The new nation states, which originated at that time, were created on the principles contrary to their up-to-then historical traditions that had emerged from the Slavic cultural values-based elements. Besides, the attention has been given also to the globalization process consequences, previous advent of the global information technology revolution, i. e. the creation of new purported networked societies. Eventually, the foregoing processes outcome was that creating new nation states induced the change in their respective earlier internal systems of social values. Instead of the Eastern Orthodox and Slavic culture, the West became: «…the only true region to take as the model». The new states’ political efforts essence — specifically «joining Europe» and the drift from the Eastern Civilization values — has been illustrated by the example of Montenegro whose identity values had for centuries been unquestionably Slavic. Nevertheless, in the commenced EU integration and the NATO membership, while through the internal nation identity strengthening process as a way to drift from both the Serbian culture corpus and the Eastern Civilization, the said values started to gain the elements of modernity the development of which will inevitably be furthered by «joining Europe». Only time will tell to which extents Montenegro’s earlier Slavic identity and the Western Civilization value system will be preserved and accepted respectively.
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Purpose of the research. Advertising development study allows us to understand social picture of society and reflects the level and special aspects of economic development, to research tastes and demand for goods and services of a particular historical era. Research methodology is the use of structural-functional, historical- logical and content analysis methods. Scientific novelty. Intensive development of advertising in the provincial print media due to displacement of journalistic materials confirms inclusion of provincial region into the cultural and ideological area of global capitalism. Conclusions. The author emphasizes the influence of the provincial newspaper advertising on the glocalization processes in the region and the development of social and cultural environment in the context of globalization in the late XIXth early XXth century. In fact, advertising had a direct impact on the formation of common cultural values, which showed itself in transformation of moral and ethical standards, artistic preferences, lifestyle, and behaviour.
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Identity is one of the key meanings in concept "person – society – culture". Therefore, the problem of identity is a key object of research attention. Due to the increasing role of tourism in society, actualized the problem of tourismimpact on forming of various forms of identity. Attempts to conceptualize the consequences of general population mobility, including tourism, made by different scientists: P. Berger, S. Huntington, S. Bauman, O.V. Lysikova, N.Y. Pokrovskiy, T.I. Chernyayeva, P.A. Sorokina, A.B. Fenko, A.F. Filippova and others. To date, studying scientific discourse, which is devoted to the problems of influence of tourism on forming various forms of identity, remains unexplored. The purpose of this article is an analysis of how the light of modern debates and mobile lifestyle affects the formation of different forms of identity. The article analyzes different approaches to the ratio of tourism and philosophy, in particular, the impact of tourism on the formation of different forms of identity. The philosophical view of tourism causes need to revise the traditional understanding of tourism as travel and leisure industry, puting in this understanding broader humanistic sense. A person who travels is not just a consumer of the tourism product that moves in space and time, but identity that joins the world of nature and cultural artifacts of other countries and nations, while traveling, having trips, hikes and visits. Such a person is the epicenter of philosophical reflections in tourism. According to the Russian researcher S.Y. Kamensky, modern mass tourism, acting as a spatial structure of socio-cultural interaction, in theory, is able to realize the model of culture, which was built in the dialogistic philosophy. Based on the concept of M.M. Bakhtin about "Nonidentical" of man, under which the real "I" always detected in the points of mismatch with itself, its identification with the "Оther", we can assume that tourism can be classified as the most important mechanism constructing identity in the modern world. Thus we can talk about the processes of self-identification as individual tourists, and the transformation of images of separate tourism regions and even countries. Immersion in tourist environment provides specific influence on the processes of self- identity of resort destinations. This is also confirmed by D. Bartel – Bucher in his studies. Thus, tourism is not only spatial means of achieving and comprehension of reality, but the mechanism of its transformation. W. Beck noted, that the speed with which modern man redefines itsel, associated with increased uncertainty of social reality, strengthening the role of chance and risk in human life, the unpredictability of the future. The process of acquiring own identity, which involves human experiences of integrity his "I", becomes in this connection in self-modeling – "experimental situation" with an uncertain outcome. D. Makkenel argues that act of sightseeing itself involves a person into the circle of familiar social representations, and thus helps him to construct a complete picture of the world from available to him fragmentary impressions. Recognizing the socially constructed status of identity, K. Volses uses the term "identity work", to emphasize the dynamic nature of self- identification. Some researchers noted that in today's tourism, especially in such its forms, as a cultural, evental, ethnographic, spiritual and enlightening (religious), educational, rural, ecological, one of the key motivations of travelers is the need for communication with local ethno-cultural (cultural) communities. Search of authentic identity is called among the priority goals of tourism trip. Emphasized, that numerous tourists realize their identity in the virtual space of the Internet. Discourse direction of tourists virtual communication indicates the constructing of a positive group identity, and in this case, the Internet serves for formation of behavior norms, which previously belonged to family and school. Also was paid attention to the criticism of tourism as a mechanism of identity. A number of western and Russian researchers point out the unreality of experience gained within the typical tourist programs. In their opinion, sights, which acting as semantic basis of tourism, is nothing more than a social construct, entended for stimulation of tourism consumption. It was concluded that modern tourism is a way of constructing identity and performs certain existential functions. Is alleged that with the increasing of mobility and the development of tourism business is being formed a new national self-identity that goes beyond one state and one denomination. Search of ideals in spiritual part of life of modern man is reduced to personal experiments with maximal possibilities of experimentation with different social roles and spatial movement in search of self-identity.
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The article develops the methodology of the sound-image research in the context of the sonological approach which integrates the interdisciplinary links between the musical studies and cultural studies. Integrated system methodology of musicology is the reflection of the global process of universalization methodological what is happening in contemporary humanities. Factors that influenced the universalism of scientific knowledge and thinking culturological artists who systematically substantiated logic of global cultural integration. Since 60-th of XX century vectors to study the problems of globalization, civilization changes of society and the evolution of a single culture selected in the independent schools and currents. Formed a theory of the world, local and global civilizations. This process can be called the stage of historical and cultural consciousness, accompanied by an appeal to ontological first principles of human existence, the search for universals (universal values), which correspond to the transformation process of forming a new categorical model of the world. Versatile and deep understanding of globalization as a systemic model, which is determined by various institutional structures taking into account socio-economic, geopolitical, cultural processes happened at the same time with the expansion of methodological approaches of art history, which in the twentieth century does not lose its connection with philosophy, sociology and cultural studies. Evidence of this theory serve fonosfery M. Tarakanov, covering the entire sound world and becomes an extension of the concept of the noosphere V. Vernadsky theory melosfery I. Zemtsovskoho and I. Matsiyevskoho kontonatsiyi, based on the laws of the theory of intonation B. Asaf'yeva. At the beginning of cognitive understanding of cultural and artistic processes led to the renewal survey methodology, based on "synergetic paradigm". The development of a universal methodology continued global nature scientists of Moscow cultural schools (J. Mikhailov, Y. Rozhdestvenskiy T. Cherednychenko, E. Vasil'chenko, M. Karatygin). J. Mikhailov has come to create a new scientific direction – "sonology of culture", based on methodological principle is building a sound picture of the world system, review of music culture of the Earth as a single "sounding body". The object of study of this direction is the music which is treated as a unique cultural phenomenon that is associated with a variety pra- and paramusical phenomena such as sound, sound, music, musical instruments, system of musical language and sound musical texts and more. Sound regarded as equal in relation to self-contained music culture phenomenon that reflects the macrocosm civilization specificity and existence. J. Mikhailov tried to create a musical-cultural matrix study sound/music as a model of the world, which reflects the "sound musical consciousness" era. It takes into account not only the expression possibilities of musical sound, but its the modeling of the world, symbolic and semantic possibilities in culture-space. It is proved that expands the methodological approach sonologicall intention dialogue between contemporary theoretical comprehension instrumentalism sound images and sound as a way of representing the picture of the world. The identified basic principles sonologicall concept of culture, revealing the underlying fundamentals of being and consciousness of musical sound era. The guiding principle of this methodology is to develop a universal view of the musical culture of the world as a single global system of "sounding space" in which all the elements are in a single pattern. Complex application of systematic, historical and typological and regional and civilization approaches in the study of music and cultural space allowed to single out entire "sound model" as a regional civilizations and world music of a certain age, which serves as a sound symbols. In-depth comprehension of the phenomenon of sound images through open communication with ontological categories of sound and sound understanding of the essence of musical practice rights. From the standpoint sonologicall approach the category of "sound image" should be seen as a systemic phenomenon, characterized by ontological, cultural, historic, axiological, mental-psychological, historical, stylistic, semantic, semiotic, expressive and psychological, artistic and communicative and instrumental performing characteristics. Sound images and information is artistically code that translates the image of man and historical time (the image of the world) because of the nature and type sound feeling of musical expression in a particular of acoustics space. A promising for further research in this direction is the study of sound image of musical culture of the twentieth century as a manifestation of the transformation sound-imagery thinking of contemporary artists.
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The birth of seven billionth citizen of the world draws attention to the divergent demographic trends in national, regional and continental level. Those trends are evident through extensive natural reproduction and population expansion in Africa, Latin America and Asia, and through depopulation and population aging in Europe, North America and Australia. World population number is increasing for 1 billion almost every decade, which has numerous repercussions on the environment, eradicating hunger and poverty, political tensions and conflicts, and survival of future generations. Serbia is today among the countries facing a population decline and fear of population extinction.
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Russia is not only a great state, great nation or a big power force, it is also a great culture. Russian civilization is a great spiritual mystery of which there are many philosophic conceptions and scientific theories. Usually the essence of this civilization attributed to geographic factor, Orthodox spirituality and Russian national idea. What are the sources and principles of Russian civilization? What was its historical path and the crossroads at which was decided its fate? About these issues are discussed in this research paper.
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