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In the first part of the article author reflects the problem of new hegemony in the frame of analitytica! and terminological systematization. Before all is cosidered an political phenomenology (the evolution of power) and the corresponding descriptive entries and terminology. On an „in- depth level” there is a „business complex” and the correspoding essential definitions. The third section considers systematizing and structuring of new world hegemony as a comprehensive system (the cycles of expansion, globalization and domination) including also the linguistic problems. Topic of the second part of the article is american global hegemony - the signature of global imperialism, military interventionsm and the correspoding business domination, the new armament, the ideological image, the analitic imperial corpus and other.
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The article was first considered and proposed a three-component structure of modern global object: 1) the internationalization of social life, 2) global problems of mankind and 3) contemporary globalization, which took place two historical stages – the first stage in the first half of the twentieth century, classical imperialism that led to two World wars, and the second stage in the second half of the twentieth century, globalization itself, which led to the domination of the world economy of transnational corporations (TNCs).
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The Vatican has been a great ‘political player’ for a long time even then when it is not visible. Although it does not have divisions, as it was stated by Stalin, it is more powerful than many of those who have them. The Holy Chair tries to react appropriately to signs of time. How successful is it? At first sight, some popes seem to be unsuccessful politicians. They introduced the Vatican, though they talked about political neutrality, to the side of losers’ coalitions in both world’s wars. The Holy Chair did not suffer severe damage, because after the wars they managed to take it to the winners’ side without changing the main political course. The Holy Chair has skillfully enhanced its power and influence. During the Second Vatican Council, a church reform and the modernization of its dogma and activities were tried, but after that tradition was restored and there was a tendency to link it with modern politics. The Holy Chair participated in the preparations of the fall of Berlin wall and was involved in the events to follow the fall. The Vatican is an institution counted on by European and global powerful people. The Holy Chair uses its aspiration to spiritual universality to gain a part of global power for itself.
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The relationship between demographic characteristics of regional units and the level of economic development is mutually determined. It is often subject of research in our country from experts and organizations. The paper considers the relationship between basic demographic characteristics and internal migration in Bulgaria and how they impact on the level of economic development of the individual regional units. The vicious circle is the following: stronger migration – older population in declining regions – lower level of socio-economic development in them. Based on the international comparison of EU countries unenviable position of Bulgaria as a country with the largest regional differences is shown.
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Demographic phenomena present the key integrative elements in the causative relationship of the geographic and political. Population is considered an important factor at the same time in the period of ”before geopolitical” ideas of pre-antic, the antic, middle-aged philosophical and geographical thoughts, and the time of formation of political geography and geopolicy as separate sciences. In almost all theoretical models of the classical geo policy during the 20th century, some demography elements have been incorporated. They could also be found in its military - political and geostrategic plans. Fast population increase in the world and the various population processes in the world between the 20th and 21st century, have made the contemporary theoretical approaches have notable features, and in some cases they have a dominant demo- geopolitical component.
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The study is dedicated to the tough fight against child labor and upcoming 20th Anniversary of the adoption of the ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labor. The study pays attention to the importance and contribution of this Convention in limiting the worst forms of child labor. In details are examined some of the worst forms of child labor with the attention to the criminal law protection of the child against the child trafficking, trafficking in children, sexual exploitation of children, child pornography and others in the sense of Bulgarian law. Through this study, the author concludes that Bulgarian criminal legislation is taking care and measures to deal with this growing problem in the conditions of a global economic crisis.
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The article presents the information obtained by interviewing six library specialists in correlation to a current research among primary school teachers. It represents an attempt to specify and measure some aspects of the communication and cooperation processes between representatives of the official educational system and of the libraries which are also knowledge providing organizations. The intersection points reveal the specific professional influences and relations, which impact the formation process of the young readers and the child character as a whole. The text represents just a part of the received data and some of the current tendencies. Initial conclusions: primary school teachers do not recognize library activities as a possible continuation of the educational process and young readers development; financial problems and lack of cooperation between librarians and teachers result in providing pupils with syllabus literature in most cases, thus belittling the library role and reducing its functions to just a provision of texts.
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Modern globalization based on the idea of one world is one of the most popular international concepts that aroused huge expectations and fueled tremendous energy. Aspiration for unified governance of the world is as old as the world itself and the continuity of global political tendencies can be traced back to the earliest beginnings of the social history of humanity. However, an idea aimed at geographical and political unification of the world was never before so powerful and seductive as is the case with contemporary globalization. Proponents of globalization have claimed that the triumph of the West in the Cold War competition confirmed the superiority of the liberal model and represented a break with the real politics perception of international politics. In this way, as argued, the conditions were created for the societies around the world to start their own reconstruction and define new directions of social development through the prism of neo-liberal school of economics. The process of global rapprochement, creating a global culture and universalization of democratic governance, permanently overcoming war and the establishment of lasting peace was announced. This mission of creating a global society in which economic forces define all other social contents is declared as the inevitability and necessity. The analysis indicates that it is now evident that the social and political reality has not developed as announced by the proponents of globalization at the beginning of the last decade of the twentieth century. Fascinating technological achievements cannot mitigate devastating failures and painful consequences of globalization that open spaces of long-term instability in the world and the social, economic and political wasteland of its development. It is increasingly evident that the outcome of global processes strongly denied the truth about the inevitability of economic theoretical concept whose ambition was to transform the political, economic and social fields of modern societies. The modern world fell into a time of confusion, uncertainty and insecurity, growing into a global risk society. The economic crisis and financial instability discredited the idea of the global market, and inequality and poverty desocialized the space that has reached planetary proportions. Strong reapprochement of nations, political communities and cultures and intensifying their interdependence encouraged more intense disagreement, the emergence of new national models, radicalizing definitions of identity to the most devastating forms. The return of the concept of the world in which the instruments of real politics become prevalent is more certain, which reverses the optimism about relations in international politics. Globalization has not transformed the world, and the concept of global governance of the world proved to be a failed attempt, manifesting a variety of system dysfunctions. Turbulent economic trends, geopolitical situation that is perhaps more dangerous than any other the world has had since the Second World War, chaos and extremism in the East, disoriented and weakened Europe and increasingly prominent hierarchization of the world into those who have and those who do not have represent dominant characteristics of the concept of global society. Instead of global rapprochement, which has been the supporting idea of global processes, the modern world is facing intense global process of divergence, and the multicultural concept of global community is threatened by intrusive ideological universalism, unjustified in terms of social, economic and cultural trends in the world. All this indicates that the modern world is going the opposite direction, giving priority to competition rather than cooperation, and that global order permanently institutionalizes inequality, making global peace and stability difficult to achieve. At the same time, globalization, especially its technological achievements, increased the number of problems that require global engagement and multiplied activities that require international regulation. Transnational endangering security, above all, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, organized crime, environmental degradation and population explosion, as well as the practice that transnational security associations and the armed forces of the most powerful countries in the world are often engaged contrary to the rules of international legal order defining the use of force in international relations, are just part of the phenomenon of contemporary reality seeking global approach. Hence, although demonstrated substantial shortcomings of global governance of the world discouraged belief in a unified humanity, it did not reduce the objective need for a global approach to many contents of modern human existence.
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The paper discusses the concept of children’s participation in law conflict within chimeric groups such as deviant subcultures as a result of the various factor influence and reasons associated with the main social institutions. The substance of the issue is determined by the growing forms of group aggression, group criminality and violence among adolescents that go beyond frames of school institutions and occupy the public domain. The target of the survey are minors placed in a correctional educational institution - boarding school. These children are in conflict with the law where social behavior is expressed in different forms of deviant and delinquent behavior. Their manifestations are not just aggressive, they are related to a high degree of public risk because they carry out acts punishable by law. The research interest is related to the specification of the determinants for inclusion in the chimeric groups and their influence on the subsequent behavior of adolescents.
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A common problem that teacher faces in educating Roma students is the unsustainable and unsatisfactory development of oral communication skills in the official Bulgarian language as a second language of this group of students. A serious barrier is the phenomenon of “linguistic interference”, which, in turn, impedes the formation of phonological and phonemic competence, which guarantee a successful “entry” into Bulgarian writing. With this in mind, the article justifies the theoretically discussed issue. On this background, an approbated diagnostic toolkit is presented for measuring the phonological and phonemic competences as a “key” for “entering” into reading the official Bulgarian language as a second language – entry into first grade, Roma students.
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There is a growing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all areas of social and economic life. Proof of this is the introduction of innovative technologies in various production processes, the effective electronic services offered to businesses and citizens, management using cloud computing, Big Data and artificial intelligence, the implementation of distance learning, and networking of people. This article examines the importance of digital skills and the need of basic digital skills. Digital technologies have a perceptible impact on innovations, economic growth, the labor market and the type of digital skills for citizens that are necessary not only for successful professional realization but also for participation in public life and maintaining social contacts. The text presents data from an empirical study which focuses on operational and information digital skills (according to classification of Van Dijk) as a main prerequisite for successful professional realization of students in the higher education system. The method used for data collection is a questionnaire constructed in accordance with the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp 2.1).The authors present analysis of current students' digital communication skills including interaction through technology, sharing information and content, using online resources for educational purpose, and the level of digital skills acquired through various educational activities. The need for improvement of digital skills is outlined, development guidelines are given to help adapt the educational process to the new requirements of the digital economy.
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Increasing digital competencies is one of the processes that are evolving in every industry. The development of technologies in marine platforms also leads to the logical need for changes in the training of service persons. For the purposes of this transformation and the development of new skills, the curricula of seafarers in the cross-section of digital competencies have been analyzed and a solution to meet the new realities has been proposed based on the analysis.
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The article traces the results of a longitudinal study of the dynamics in the level of reading literacy of students from the same class in Burgas district correlated with the criteria of PISA. A ninth grade class has been tested in the national external assessments and according to the criteria of PISA. State educational requirements and the criteria for reading literacy of PISA have been compared. The aggravation of the reading literacy of the students is objectively observed and the reasons of it are being discussed.
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The purpose of the article is a historical and cultural analysis of the dichotomy of the East and the West as antinomy systems with immanent semantic codes. Methodology. The conceptual methodological core of the study is a historical-comparative analysis of the East–West dichotomy. With the help of the hermeneutic interpretation method, the peculiarities of eastern and western civilizations which determine their dichotomy are revealed; the dialogic method is used to determine the mechanisms of interaction of civilizations. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the conceptualization of the phenomenon of East–West dichotomy from the standpoint of the binary opposition I–Other. Based on the historical-comparative analysis of Eastern and Western civilizations, the factors, mechanisms, and results of their interaction at various stages of world history are revealed. A hypothesis was advanced to explain the transition of the world system from globalization to a new form of internationalization – dialogization. Сonclusions. The historical-culturological aspect of the East-West dichotomy is considered from the perspective of the concept I–Other. The factors of the worldview parallelism of Eastern and Western civilizations as antinomian systems with different worldviews, traditions, economic and military-political potential are identified. The semantic transformations of the East-West dichotomy are studied in the context of the entry of one culture into the semiosphere of another culture in a time perspective. The factors of the dialogical turn in international relations in the context of global integration processes at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries are revealed. It is shown that in the XXI century globalization is being replaced by dialogization as a modern form of internationalization of social life based on the communicative principle.
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The author studies the peculiarities of development of virtual reality phenomenon in modern socio-cultural environment and grounds the necessity of its further cultural study as a complex, multi-structured, dynamic and relatively new research object. Methods of the research. The author uses structural, functional and systematic research methods, which enables to consider the virtual reality as a complex phenomenon of modern socio-cultural environment of a new emerging culture influenced by the processes of globalization and IT development. The scientific novelty. The research proves the necessity of virtual reality study in the context of development of individual information culture, in particular computer ethics, information aesthetics, IT ergonomics, information security etc. Conclusions. Virtual reality becoming an integral part of human life can ensure the development of human culture, inside of which he or she develops as a personality. At the same time, it creates constantly changing virtual reality – the culture of virtual communication and behavior. The influence of virtual reality leads to the development of the symbiotic culture layer as well as to its expansion to all traditional culture elements and types. As far as a man spends more and more time under the conditions of virtual reality it is it’s specific character that causes the most changes in the system of cultural values. Priority values become those, which agree with the more and more sophisticated tastes and needs of a modern human being. Because of the domination of divergence tendency leading to weakening of socio-cultural contacts and system decentration, virtual reality becomes a mediator between a man and environment and often replaces him.
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The article examined problem of a leisure within the context of controversial modern tendencies such as globalization and privacy of individual life, freedom – compulsion, creative work – manipulation, convergences of mass and elite cultures. The study stressed that it’s almost impossible in our days to separate high art and its commercial variations embodied in mass production. Diversity of cultural production isn’t at variance with it’s standardization and typification, instead setting mechanism of status consummation in motion it amplifies individual’ dependency and unself-sufficiency, accompanied by its irresponsibility and moral degradation. Leisure practices in society where leisure became goods or commercial services are on the border between "permitted" and "moral" or even cross this border, bringing to nothing possibility for one to become "highly individualized personality" (E.Toffler). The researchers’ idea that the real problem of mankind is not biological but cultural revolution as well as inefficiency to develop global responsibility and critical analysis of own actions (A.Peccei) is grounded. As a result processes of deepening of spiritual crisis and creation of healthier culture are in dialectical union. On theatrical scene of "the society of the spectacle" (G.Debord) leisure is a mean to unite personality and general public, individual autonomy and group identification, private and social life. Symbolical, interactive ideology of sight is dominated in such society while "bread and circuses" ideology as a social attribute of influent part of mankind transforms leisure to attribute of "capital intensity", or unified good consisted of certain number of goods and services. The way from "theater of performers" to "the society of the spectacle" is via sights, entertainments, interactive shows, gaining suitable meaning. Another focus is positive points reasoned by society’ massovization, technologization and informatization. Such points are availability of cultural gains for public, "explosion" of cultural life of unprivileged strata; ability to solve the whole complex of social problems (like cultural maladjustment and establishing mutual understanding in society), resurgence of depressive territories and strengthening of local economics. Attention to mass leisure is reasonably necessary from the point of cultural development. Problem of active demand in local places couldn’t be solved just through increasing of cultural institutions’ number and local companies but thanks to new forms and possibilities of leisure industry. Fields of leisure studies are characterized: interconnection of leisure practices and life style, "social world" of leisure, "leisure individualism" within consumer society, dualism of transformation within the system "labor – leisure", etc. Reception of leisure as spiritual, existential phenomenon is impossible without the conscience change of ideas about essence and meaning of life, about "the highest and conscious activity which is worth to gain freedom for" (H.Arendt). Economical motivation for activity natural for a man of labor should be replaced with postmaterial orientation presupposes disengaging from economical interest, so "theory and ideology of hired slavery" would be replaced with creative work and enlightenment. Quality of life in such a society would be defined by productiveness, conscious and effectiveness one’s leisure, who is free from labor duties because freedom is a privilege and one has to know how to use it. Human being of future won’t "come" if his/her leisure will be just for entertaining and wasting time. It will mean society’ degradation, not it’s progress. Radical changes in understanding of importance of leisure in nowadays are reasoned by widening of culture functions, which are out of usual education and entertaining activity which are necessary in industrial model of world perception and determined by special kinds of activity and certain markets consists from industrial, enterprise, art parts. Openness for changes, ability for alternative and polyphonic development transform human’social motivation and consumer activity in cultural area. Audience of new type is interested in epic, world, popular, and classic, traditional, modern culture. People of the XXI century go to opera, rock concert, traditional museum or popular variety show, modern painters’ exhibition or local folk fest if all mentioned can give them pleasure. The study’ conclusion is that late XX – beginning XXI century notion of leisure is clear and effective within the context of the positive values which are socially important; not utilitarian usefulness but intellectual contemplation; not transforming of nature but its’ protection; not limiting human’ world but its’ opening, right not only to work but to have a leisure.
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This article analyses Ukrainian women migrants’ strategies for constructing the concept of home during their long-term migration projects in Italy. Specifically, this article examines the symbolic resources through which the migrants construct the concept of the home as their own, as well as the combination of different homes in the context of transnational migration. It further asks if women migrants always see their home through the dichotomy of physical and symbolic meanings and how the conflict between homes in different countries is resolved. The article is based on the analysis of 60 semi-structured interviews conducted both in Italy and Ukraine with Ukrainian women migrants and migration experts. The article shows how, depending on the type of migration project, migrants’ personal trajectories are related to their understanding of their private domain and its realization in time and space. Three models of home are formulated: the recreated home, the divided home, and the lost home. The second model—the divided home— turns out to be the most common. The majority of migrants from Ukraine who came to Italy in the early 2000s tend to combine the social contexts of both countries. They invest in the receiving country and continue to maintain close social relations with their country of origin, creating different concepts of home and narrativizing them depending on their own migration trajectory. Despite the fact that these are long-term (more than 15 years) migrations that entail a radical transformation of their social ties and statuses, most women are not ready to weaken their ties with Ukraine. On the contrary, migrants invest very actively in their country of origin, rather than in Italy, partly due to their age and low assessment of their personal social capital. Moving through space, these women are also moving in time, due to the differences in cultures and their social roles in both countries. Migration for many women is also a way of distancing from or avoiding conflict with the traditional social order in Ukraine: for example, migration to Italy is often a way to leave a nonfunctional family (home) without severing the relationship legally. For many migrants the conceptualization of the place as their own is closely related to the Ukrainian national project.
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