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Currently in developed countries there is growth of initiatives which are aimed to reconnect farmers and consumers whose relationships in the last century became as distant and detached as they had never been before (due to industrial food production, centralization of the market, etc.). The state-of-art and recent trends in agricultural production, distribution and consumption in Russia, and St. Petersburg in particular, are analyzed in the article (mainly from the prospective of supply and demand for local products). The aim of the paper is to understand whether the current conditions are favorable towards development of such reconnection initiatives, which in the western literature are most frequently referred to as “short food supply chains” (or “alternative food networks”).
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The definition of beauty in the 21st century, which comes from advertising and art, has become a critical contribution to the attempt to analyse some artistic actions and events which make use of popular culture reconstructing the social reality as well as building a different semantic perspective. The postmodern body has been commodified, offered for sale, or has become an icon presenting current cultural, medical or aesthetic trends and canons. In our speech we would like to study the critical art discourse centered around a disagreement with the universally applicable carnality image of a woman whose body is subjected to aesthetic restrictions and repressed by a beauty myth of victimization. The body becomes a tool serving the interests of large marketing corporations which, by creating an artificial myth of the beauty of a female body, shape it according to their own preferred framework. Starting from the philosophical and emancipatory reflection, we aim to show in this article that the body in culture is presented according to the prevailing discourse of power. Finally, we will try to mention the importance of corporeality in the world media, where it often becomes objectified.
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With the developing marketing understanding, the advertisements have become one of the necessary communication tools today. The advertisements are offered to increase sales and encourage positive attitudes and behaviors of target audience in favor of the businesses, brands and products. In addition, some principles should be considered when designing advertisements. It is inevitable that especially a wrong message to be given in the advertisement for brand or product or a commercial campaign that will contradict with the moral understanding of the society would affect negatively the trust of consumers in brands and businesses. In this study, we aimed to determine how advertisements shown in the social media platforms, which are gradually developing, are perceived by consumers in terms of the concept of morality. For that purpose, the data were gathered from the students attending to Sakarya and Giresun Universities and they were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. According to the study, it was found that female students compared to male students, students attending to formal education compared to evening education and students of Giresun University compared to the students of Sakarya University were more sensitive to some concepts included to the measurement of advertisement ethics.
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The economy of Bulgaria functions on the principles of the free market, having a large private sector and a smaller public one. Bulgaria is an industrialized upper-middle-income country according to the World Bank. We can make a point of last decade of Bulgarians development. Bulgaria has been one of the fastest growing Eastern European economies. It is a member of the European Union since 2007.
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Could business be successful and at the same time sparing resources and environment? Is it possible clean technologies and sustainable models to become a chance for the development of Bulgaria? Is eco responsible business will be only possible in the future?
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The study is aimed at uncovering the volatile nature of agricultural markets. Accordingly, analysed are the characteristics of demand using the Laws of King and Engel which explain two agrarian paradoxes – why farmers earn more at lower yields, and why richer people spend relatively less on food. It is found that the supply of agricultural products shows a significant departure from the traditional model from the so-called Normal law of supply. It responds significantly more elastically with rising prices of agricultural products, and less elastically with their decrease, and even in the latter case the prices may increase. Due to large deformations of supply and demand, the market mechanism does not function well on the agricultural market. There are many distortions inprice formation, respectively, in the redistribution of resources, income, etc. The high inelasticity of demand and supply of agricultural products causes major changes in prices for relatively small changes in supply and demand, leading to increased volatility of agricultural markets. Most of the agricultural markets cannot balance themselves and it is more difficult for them to achieve market equilibrium, due to the fact that the supply in the medium and long term becomes more elastic, and demand traditionally remains inelastic. The provision of up-todate market information and adequate state policy through interventions and regulation play an important role in stabilizing the agricultural markets.
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Modern society faces a problem – the loss of cultural and historical traditions and arts. Entrepreneurship provides an answer and can find a solution to this challenge. Using the full potential of the entrepreneurial process will keep Bulgarian folklore and make it attractive to the younger generation.
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In our country most businesses operate on the basis of small and medium enterprises. Their main problem lies in providing financial means to develop their activity. Precisely for this purpose, there were some financial mechanisms that are efficient in operation all over the world. The existence of leasing allows entrepreneurs to provide the main inputs of their business. This issue will analyze the growth of the leasing industry in transition countries. Leasing will help boost Albania’s economic growth through benefits that extend to different sectors of the economy.
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The article presents the results of the author’s own research aimed at analyzing the existing practice in the field of self-regulation of the professional activity of sociologists regarding the adoption and validation of ethical principles and the application of professional standards in the activities of sociological associations and their members in Europe. An additional goal of the study was to establish whether these documents were up-to-date in relation to the evolving trends concerning the accelerated processes of digitalization of all processes and activities in everyday life and work, and hence the accumulation and transformation of the internet into a huge database with information about people in general.
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According to Islamic law, there are rules and prohibitions that Muslims must follow in their actions and transactions. The prohibition of interest has been decisive in many actions, especially in debt. Accordingly, Muslims cannot put forward a condition of interest in their debt, nor can they take any transactions under this condition. Many jurists viewed interest not only as an excess of the debt but also as any benefit that the creditor would receive from the debtor other than the amount of the loan, and they evaluated it within the scope of interest. Since the lender of “qard”, which is generally used to define the debt, should not receive anything in return and should expect its reward from Allah, this was called “qard al-hasen”, quoting the relevant verses of the Qur’an, and Muslims tried to meet their credit needs through qard al-hasen. However, in some cases, people had difficulty obtaining the credit they needed, and especially in the modern period, the need for credit has increased both individually and institutionally. Therefore, Muslims tried to meet their need for qard by resorting to different ways within the limits of the Shariʽah. While applications based on transactions such as sukuk, mudaraba and murabaha and those based on intermediary transactions such as the purchase and sale of goods or partnerships were developed, applications based on direct debt without resorting to such transactions remained almost nonexistent. However, from the expressions in the books of classical fiqh, it is understood that the juʽalah, which is defined as “promising a reward in return for an action”, can be used for obtaining qard under certain conditions. In this type of juʽalah, which can be named as juʽalah ala al-iqtirad, a person in need of qard promises a certain reward from third parties to the person who provides him qard. Considering that there is a qard in question in this transaction and that the debtor pays more than the qard he has received, it is necessary to examine the opinions about this transaction's relationship with interest and its validity. The main focus of the research will be answers to questions such as the conditions that the aforementioned juʽalah transaction must meet to be valid, in what ways this transaction differs from interestbearing transactions, and within which limits.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of organizing agricultural research and education in Ukraine in the period of the national liberation movements in 1917–1921, and to determine the role of the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine and the Committee of Agricultural Education in their establishment. The authors compared the models of the development of agrarian research and education under Ukrainian Central Rada, Hetman P. Skoropadskyi, the Directory, and Soviet authorities. Coordination of sectoral science and education in Ukraine began with the establishment the General Secretariat of Land Affairs of the Ukrainian Central Rada in 1917. The conceptual foundations of Ukrainian science and education, the core of which was Ukrainization, were developed by the First and Second All-Ukrainian Pedagogical Congresses, as well as the First All-Ukrainian Agronomic and Economic Congress. Ukrainization primarily concerned the conduct of the scientific and educational process and the writing of new books and textbooks in national language. The article reveals the creative initiatives of the Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine and the Committee of Agricultural Education in coordinating the activities of some institutions to disseminate agricultural knowledge and the organization of sectoral research and education, substantiated by the important role of famous politicians. The use of international experience for the practical confirmation of theoretical skills in various agricultural directions is highlighted. The Agricultural Scientific Committee of Ukraine, simultaneously instituted with the Committee on Agricultural Education, was interested in close creative cooperation on the sectoral specialist training.
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This paper aimed to investigate the behavior of the current food inflation volatility arising from the recent past behavior and to know if this volatility is persistent over time in Nigeria. The study covered the period from 2003M1 to 2021M9 under both the asymmetric and the symmetric GARCH models. The findings of the study revealed that one period lag of food inflation had a positive and significant impact on the current value of food inflation. Furthermore, it was found that in all the selected models, volatility in food inflation is persistent and bad news had an impact on food volatility in two of the models, while good news had an impact in one model. However, the asymmetric coefficient in all the asymmetric models is not significant. Consequently, the study contends that policymakers should factor in the impact of recent past values of inflation when framing policies meant to tame food inflation in Nigeria.
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The Oder river remains a constant issue in the field of journalism as well as political and economic emotions. The article attempts to organise the discussion on the Oder as a waterway and to display the solutions that can initiate the debate about the future of the river. This issue generates plenty of myths and incomplete statements as the Oder is a river that everyone talks about but very few actually care about it. This can be said both when it comes to the quality of the water and its adjustment to the modern water management in the context of the environmental changes.
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In August 2022, the situation on the border river Oder was called an ecological disaster. It manifested in fish dying on a mass scale and the overall destruction of the river’s ecosystem. Both the Polish and the German side aimed at determining the causes of this situation, which resulted in the collaboration in the field of crisis management. The article contains the German and Polish language source materials that demonstrate the activities of the Bundestag members, in particular the Parliamentary Commission of Environmental Protection, parliamentary parties and the federal government’s reaction to the catastrophe.
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The aim of the paper is to analyze the trends of reconfiguration of post-COVID-19 tax policies, at a global level, in order to increase the revenues of the states, the impact of the crisis being felt more strongly, and the countries being in a position to identify sources / bases of taxation through which to ensure the resources necessary for the restoration, but also for the short and medium term support of its economic, social and equity objectives/functions. We thus take into consideration the tax revenues recorded in the EU in 2020, the main challenges of tax policy in the current economic context, as well as ways of adapting/orienting it to achieve the established economic objectives. In our approach, we used a descriptive methodology, by calling on various bibliographic sources and statistical data belonging to specialized institutions at the European and international level.
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Financial education plays a particularly important role in an education-based society and involves having a set of skills and knowledge that enable people to make informed and effective decisions with all their financial resources. This concept is based on understanding the phrases "saving", "investment", "credit" or "interest", terms that can generate a feeling of financial well-being and self-confidence. BNR specialists reveal to us that, in Romania, a large part of people lacks financial education, an aspect confirmed by the latest studies ("Financial well-being and financial literacy in Romania" - 2022 - conducted by the World Institute within the Romanian Academy or "Eurobarometer" - 2023 - representative survey at the European Union level requested by the European Commission). In our research we aim to identify the purpose of financial education, present the latest statistics and studies on the degree of financial inclusion and determine the main advantages as well as the importance of financial education. Therefore, on April 11, 2022, the law establishing Financial Education Day in Romania is promulgated. Financial inclusion has an important role in increasing the quality of life, and for this, financial education programs are needed regarding the facilitation of access to basic financial products and services - internet banking, lending, saving or investments.
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The core objective of this study is to explore whether the installation of automated teller machines (ATM) and commercial bank branches (CBB) affects the profitability of the banking systems in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Additionally, several influential variables, such as bank capital-to-assets (BCA), inflation (INF), and GDP growth (GDP_G), were used in the research. More specifically, the research deals with secondary data from 2010 to 2022 using the dynamic data analysis technique generalized method of moments (GMM). The evidence indicates that ATM adoption has a substantial positive influence on bank profitability. Similarly, BCA and GDP_G have a positive influence on bank profitability. Nevertheless, CBB and inflation have had a substantial negative influence on both metrics. The research’s scientific merit and novelty are derived from features unique to earlier studies. The study claims to open up new avenues of debate involving scholars and legislative authorities about identifying influencing components of profitability in the banking business.
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The research aims to broaden the current discussion surrounding the intricate relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) and Total Quality Management (TQM) within the realm of private enterprises in Kosovo. The paper suggests that the arrangement and presence of HRM practices influence the successful implementation of TQM. Data was collected from a diverse range of companies, with 171 employees participating in the study, to explore this relationship. The collected data underwent analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via path analysis, enabling a thorough examination of the causal connections between the variables. Investigation delves into the overall impact of HRM on TQM, with a specific focus on enhancing quality orientation and criteria related to individuals within the selected companies. The findings highlight the substantial and positive influence of teamwork, staffing, performance appraisals, and compensation on TQM. Conversely, training and development exhibit a noteworthy negative impact on TQM. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the significant and favorable effect of TQM on HRM practices within organizations. Additionally, performance outcomes exhibit positive and significant correlations with HRM. These outcomes underscore the fundamental significance of TQM as an integral component of HRM within the realm of private enterprises.
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