LITERATURE AND IDEOLOGY, THE IMPOSSIBLE MIX

Author(s): Veronica Alina Constanceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Literature has its own truth, which must be taken into account. Soon after 1945, when times were still turbulent, Lucia Demetrius adopted the new ideology, even in her literature. She first published in the interwar period, a time full of promises, but after the war it had to adapt to new realities. Novelist and playwright, Lucia Demetrius was one of the most important women writers for what was called socialist realism. Unfortunately, much of her dramatic works is strongly ideologized and thus, for the contemporary spectator, obsolete. Even if some characters are well defined and the action is well developed, there is a time when the text always pays tribute to ideology.

LITERATURE AND IDEOLOGY, THE IMPOSSIBLE MIX

Author(s): Veronica Alina Constanceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Literature has its own truth, which must be taken into account. Soon after 1945, when times were still turbulent, Lucia Demetrius adopted the new ideology, even in her literature. She first published in the interwar period, a time full of promises, but after the war it had to adapt to new realities. Novelist and playwright, Lucia Demetrius was one of the most important women writers for what was called socialist realism. Unfortunately, much of her dramatic works is strongly ideologized and thus, for the contemporary spectator, obsolete. Even if some characters are well defined and the action is well developed, there is a time when the text always pays tribute to ideology.

THE FAIRY TALES OF ENEA HODOȘ

Author(s): Dorina Chiș-Toia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

A prominent personality of Banat culture, Enea Hodoș was remarked in several fields, being philologist, folklorist, literary historian, publicist, teacher, editor. Although most researchers study his folklore collections, we must not forget his humorous sketches and the fairy tales he has published. Without attributing a remarkable literary and artistic value, his creations deserve to be known because his sketches bring in the forefront some characters specific for the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century who are portrayed in different circumstances and the fairy tales illustrate in their specific structure some actions and characters who were otherwise completely forgotten. Last but not the least, we observe the language used by the author, a teacher of Romanian language, in writing these stories. This article will present the fairy tales written by Enea Hodoș.

ETHICAL SUBTERFUGES OF CIORANIAN NIHILISM

Author(s): Liliana PAVEL (MIREA) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

The existential vacuum arises from several interfering causes and can occur in a multitude of forms, masks and faces. The true meaning of life must be discovered outside, in the world, because the human being is not a closed system. To become human means, without a doubt, to dedicate yourself to causes oriented outside you, to a sense of love that looks at the other. In the struggle with himself, in the burden of suffering, Cioran seems to miss precisely this alliance of human perfection, often deliberately omitting contact with the world, blinded by the obsession of his own suffering. Then suffering begins to dig the (inner) subterfuges of ethics, to which we cannot determine the efficiency, nor the viability in relation to the outside, in a possible ethical process with the world, their origin being so sensibly subjective. In other words, self-transcendence is essential for ethical relationships; without it man remains captive in himself, exterminating any possibility of reconciliation with the world. The human being temporarily comes to resort to a helpful, adapted ethic.

EMIL CIORAN IN PARALLEL MIRRORS - BETWEEN MORAL GOOD AND MORAL EVIL

Author(s): Liliana PAVEL (MIREA) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

The eternal return is the greatest burden of man, but at the same time, a triumph of life, a resurrection of the tragic that is meant to fill the gaps arising from the lack of God. Nihilism comes to integrate naturally into a dimension in which morality becomes the instinct of the individual flock, where good and evil are re-evaluated values, and after the process evil is preferable to good and nothing good. All the ideas of the nihilist philosopher come at some point to serve the will to power and the ideal of a vitalism that falls into the abyss of fatalism. Once God's death is proclaimed, man must take his place. How will man rise to this higher rank? Is there morality in the process of rebellion?

THE HOOLIGANS. EXPERIENCE AND CREATION AS PATHS TO ABSOLUTE FREEDOM

Author(s): Lioara-Elena Coturbaş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The paper attempts at providing a response to the controversy regarding the political manifesto hidden in the novel The Hooligans. The types of existence and experience depicted in the novel lead to a better understanding of the appropriate paths of survival in history suggested by the author, without the risk of identity loss, through breaking patterns and crossing over boundaries. The hooligan is the youngster who respects nothing, who lives the experience and turns experiences into objectives, the young man who lives under the pressure of the tragic. These experiences are necessary and compulsory for existence, but especially for creation and freedom. One of the main characters, Petru Anicet wants to create and to be free; he seeks and finds triumph through the power of creation and by ignoring history. The only way of existence valid for him is creation, and by creation, he comes to understand and dominate fate. Hooliganism, through the absolute freedom it implies, can generate authentic spiritual living. The creator is the only one who can change the destiny of humankind, because he is aware of the existence of absolute truth and knows that he can reach it through creation. The author's message is that the authentic intellectual must refuse any political involvement, devoting himself to creation and thus defying the terror of history.

THE ROLE OF THE FABULOUS AND THE ROLE OF THE GLORIOUS IN POPULAR LITERATURE

Author(s): Nicoleta Flavia Cionte (Dan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

Popular creations are no stranger to the fabulous, because they are inspired by the world of mythology, the characters are fantastic, they have unrealistic qualities and the imagined situations belong to the realm of the imaginary. Fabulous refers to something beyond imagination, enormous, extraordinary, belonging to the mythological world, fantastic, wonderful, imaginary, unreal. Numerous Romanian folk creations are kept closer to the archaic meanings of the mythical structures derived from the vertical organization of the space they imagined. The pomp is specific to the holiday and is also found in the imaginary world of popular creations. The splendor shows the pleasure of man for color and light, which floods the entire mythical space, giving it a restful and family air, using its own chromatic, just to customize a certain vision within the sublime. The imaginary universe of popular works is aestheticized, sacralized, accepting the everyday and coexisting the sacred and the profane.

REFLECTIONS OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY IN TRAVEL LITERATURE. GEORGE CĂLINESCU AND THE IMAGE OF THE USSR, KIEV-MOSCOW-LENINGRAD NOVEMBER 1946

Author(s): Petre-Florian Draghici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the phenomenon of „travel literature” as propaganda regarding the USSR after World War 2. We focus on our article on the journey in the Soviet Union made by Romanian writer George Călinescu, one of the most famous Romanian intellectuals that became a „fellow traveler” and propagandist of the Romanian Communist Party after 1944.

FROM LITTLE MERMAID TO ARIEL

Author(s): Nicolae Bobaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The predominance of the mermaid figure in Western culture in the early modern era, when a number of European powers began to explore, claim and colonize areas of Africa and North and South America seem to have facilitated the spread of this symbolic figure in other cultural contexts. This paper aims at a contextual and analytical reading of the most famous story that has as its central character a mermaid - The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen - and its adaptations for television and cinema. The whole process of becoming the little mermaid is one characterized by the duality of her experiences. Not only does she have to negotiate the process of physical and mental development, but she also has to deal with the implications resulting from her decision to transform from mermaid to human being. Thus, we aim to analyze and document some of these processes during the transition from folklore to literary tradition and media.

THE QUALITIES OF THE WOMAN PRESENTED IN THE WORKS OF SOME CLASSIC LATIN WRITERS

Author(s): Mariana-Lăpădat ENE / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

The Roman woman depends socially or legally on the family she belongs to, but as a matron she has an undeniable influence, exercised from the man’s shadow, over the development of some episodes of the Roman history. Her origin, education and character are a concern of the man who can reach recognition and appreciation or can suffer due to her dishonourable behaviour. A large part of the Latin writers was on the line of accusing the man for the inappropriate choice of the wife or her inappropriate behaviour, and approved the legislation that restricted the freedom of movement of the woman in the public space. There are a number of female characters who have proven virtues highly valued in the Roman world such as: chastity, gravity, constancy, modesty, courage, and can be considered models of female behaviour to these days.

LE COMIQUE ALGÉRIEN EN SITUATION COLONIALE

Author(s): Mohamed-Karim Assouane / Language(s): French Issue: 31/2022

Many Algerian authors and some Europeans have described laughter in Algeria and especially through the theatrical scene as a “weapon of political resistance” against the multidimensional machine of colonization. Linked to the comic genre of the stage, laughter vacillates at the antipodes of Algerian critics of the 4th art between “imitative laughter” and “hysterical laughter” in a situation of colonization. It is a social laughter of an enslaved community within the “colony-Algeria” (CA) that interests us through this contribution. We will try to question certain views and opinions on the basis of specifically Algerian documentation and in both languages (French and Arabic) and most of which remains unknown to foreign readers. From 1912 to 1926, it was the effect of laughter that marked a certain change in stage art in Algeria, shared and widely disseminated by a popular imagination within an extremely impoverished and deprived society.

Innovative technologies of teaching ancient literary heritage

Author(s): Zhandai Kdyralieva,Nazgul Suranchiyeva,Batyrbaeva Meruert Asilkhanovna,Naziya Aitbaevna Tasilova,Gauhar Baltabayeva / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

The purpose of this research is to take the opinions of primary school teachers on the teaching of an ancient literary heritage with the digital story method, in order to benefit from innovative technologies in the teaching of old literary works. The research was created with the qualitative research method. In the research, 51 primary school teachers who were teaching in primary schools in Kazakhstan in the 2022–2023 academic year were studied. Research data were collected by in-depth interview technique. As a result of the research; the vast majority of teachers stated that they found themselves inadequate in using the digital story method in the teaching of old literary works. Teachers stated that they never benefited from the digital story method in the teaching of ancient literary heritage. On the other hand, teachers stated that they are very willing to benefit from the digital story method in the teaching of old literary works. The teachers benefited from the advantages of using the story method in the teaching of ancient literary works; they are listed as facilitating the interpretation of the content, conveying real-life situations, providing an interactive learning environment, being interesting, making the explanation of certain topics more attractive, offering more diversity than traditional practices, and providing individualization of education. Teachers, the disadvantages of using the story method in the teaching of old literary works; they listed teachers' lack of education, lack of methods and materials, taking a lot of time, insufficient technological equipment in the teaching environment, individual differences of students, and the transformation of technology use into a habit.

Събитие и колективна памет в средновековния рицарски роман

Author(s): Stoyan Athanassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

THE PERSONAL-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE R. J. PALACIO’S PROTAGONIST FROM THE NOVEL WONDER VIA ELENA SEMINO’S MIND STYLE

Author(s): Alina Lucia GRAPINI / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The cognitive significance of present article arises from Semino’s Mind Style, a valuable instrument for depicting “an impression of the characters’ world view” (qtd in Semino 2007: 166), from a linguistic and literary point of view. The cognitive approach to August Pullman, a sensitive boy with a facial deformity but with a golden soul and openness to accomplishing friendship, has been constructed from references to the linguistic and narrative devices employed by Palacio to depict the child’s world view in relation to his school life and his progress in establishing human relations.

SHORT ADDENDA TO AN ENDLESS CYCLE

Author(s): Alice Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

The present article is a sequel to “Les archives de la répression ou la répression en utilisant les archives. Le “dossier” Vintilă Horia aujourd’hui (“The Archives of Repression or the Repression through Archives. The Vintilă Horia “Case” Nowadays”), published by the author in 2016 on the matter of the exiled Romanian writer’s alleged youthful membership to the Iron Guard. Ever since, new developments regarding the reception of the writer’s work in Romania as well as the emergence of new data on his political beliefs in the aftermath of the 1960 Goncourt incident have called for further specifications.

Предопределеният избор

Author(s): Bisera Dakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

The concrete situation of the subject “Bulgarian Studies” at the University of Vienna is described through the empirical experience of the teacher. An attempt is made to summarise various inclinations, dispositions, preferences of the students in order to form a realistic picture of the teaching and the future of this field of study. Therefore, not only the positive-educational effects of teaching (the genuine interest in Bulgaria and its culture) are considered, but also the “dark” side is discussed: the powerful attraction of ‘chalga music/genre’ and the identification of this cultural phenomenon with Bulgarian music and culture in general.

Многострадална Парашкева в дебрите на другостта

Author(s): Hüseyin Mevsim / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

In 1934, Nikola Nachov, better known for his research on spiritual centers during the Bulgarian Renaissance, under the pseudonym Nancho Donkin, published the travelogue “To Brusa and Back”, in which he described his journey from Plovdiv, through Edirne and Istanbul, to the Asia Minor city of Bursa in the turbulent year 1879. The specific purpose of the then 19-year-old young man’s trip to the old Ottoman capital was to sell the offices in the commercial inns owned by his father, a famous abadji craftsman who had died suddenly before his birth. During the journey which lasted several months, the son, together with his uncle, went around the city and the surrounding villages to collect his father’s money. Thus, the author founds himself in the village of Susurluk, where a compatriot of his from Kalofer had settled down and lived for some time with his family. The proposed text contains observations on the abyss of otherness in which the completely innocent Parashkeva, the daughter of the family, finds herself.

Contemporary Bulgarian Poetry in Romania: A Case of Inter-Peripheral Literary Circulation

Author(s): Camelia Dinu / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2023

Полската Касандра. Профетизъм и катастрофизъм в междувоенната полска литература

Author(s): Margreta Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

The current text follows prophetic motifs in catastrophic works of the interwar period of Polish literature, conceptually linking them to the motif of the unheard Cassandra.The works are presented in the context of the multifaceted crisis that gripped Europe between the wars, as well as in the context of the catastrophic current in Polish literature between the wars. In the center of attention are poems by Czeslaw Milosz, Józef Czechowicz, Anatol Stern (“Europa”), Antoni Słonimski (the novel “The Two Ends of the World”), the essays of Jerzy Stempowski, Marian Zdzieechowski.

(Пред)чувстващата полска периферия – между катастрофизма на група „Волин“ и търсенията на постмодернистите

Author(s): Venesa Nacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2023

This article analyzes the Polish periphery as a center of strongly manifested catastrophic premonitions about the approaching Second World War in the interwar period. The text also examines the opposition center-periphery from the position of postmodernism and comes to the conclusion that the created peripheries are gaining more and more importance, even beginning to redefine the Center.