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The paper deals with translations of Polish literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1990 to 2020 appearing in book publications and to a lesser extent in Bosnian journals. The spectrum of translated works was presented as well as Bosnian translators from Polish with a brief overview of the period preceding the 1990s. This overview shows the diversity of translated works but also some gaps and delays in translating contemporary Polish literature.
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Speakers of minoritized languages have traditionally been required to translate their experience into the language of the larger society in which they live, but some people are resisting this obligation. This paper hypothesizes as to why linguistic labour, defined as the emotional burden of advocating for the legitimacy of a minoritized tongue, disproportionately falls on the shoulders of women and queer people and how these “literary doulas” in three Hispanic contexts have impacted their respective communities.
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The article reviews the history of translation of the brothers Grimm’s fairy tales in Bulgaria. Important stages of the translation of the Brothers Grimm‘s tales in Bulgarian are marked for a longer period of time from the end of the 19th century to the present day. The role of the socio-cultural context is commented on, as well as the relevant participants in the translation process (translators, editors, critics of translation) in the selection of translated fairy tales, the reproduction of linguistic, genre and cultural features inherent in fairy tales, the design and promotion of printed publications, the critical reception of translations.
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Translator education has changed considerably over the past two decades, which is due to a series of different influences. One of them is the technological developments, particularly the improvement of machine translation systems. This paper examines the applicability of machine translation as a tool for prospective translators, with the aim of improving curricula and teaching objectives of training institutes and adapting them to the technological development of MT.
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Inspired by the fact that there are as many as five different Polish translations of Gunnar Ekelöf’s poem Absentia animi (Non serviam, 1945), this paper aims to present and discuss several criteria that may be helpful to identify, describe and evaluate conditions, tendencies and strategies concerning Polish translations of Swedish poetry. The most crucial of the presented criteria, that may be used in order to ascertain what kind of poetry has been translated from Swedish into Polish so far, is the translator’s attitude to literary canons. It is based on Jerzy Jarniewicz’s distinction between two possible attitudes, i. e. ‘ambassador’ and ‘legislator’, which stand for respectively transferring the established canon from the source-language literature, and creating a new one that can influence the target-language literature. The other criteria discussed refer to the following questions: the affiliation of the translated text with either the source-language literature or the targetlanguage literature (1), the possibility of evaluation of poetry translation (2), and the concept of untranslatability (3). All of the mentioned criteria can help to analyze the specific strategies applied in the translation process. The paper is to be seen as an introduction to a larger ongoing research conducted by the author.
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This paper is a contribution to the discussion on audiovisual translation (AVT) in cinema and broadcast media on the example of Poland and Norway seen from the perspective of viewers. It aims at establishing possible differences and similarities in the way dominant AVT modes are viewed by younger people in these two countries. In AVT studies Norway has always been classified as a subtitling country while Poland has traditionally been associated with cinema subtitling and television voice-over, of which the latter often baffles AVT scholars. Consequently, one may presume that the audiences in these two countries are likely to have fairly disparate expectations towards AVT modes used in their cinemas and broadcast media. For the purpose of this article a questionnaire has been prepared and the findings arising from the analysis of the submitted replies will be presented here.
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The paper attempts to offer a definition of translatorial action. It analyses the standards that professional translators and interpreters are expected to meet, as well as the language and subject matter requirements as specific fields of translation have special requisites. The steps in the translation process and research tools are also described.
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Review of: Muguraș Constantinescu, Daniel Dejica, Titela Vîlceanu (eds.), O istorie a traducerilor în limba română în secolul al XX-lea (ITLR), vol. I, București: Editura Academiei Române, 2021,
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The article presents theoretical considerations concerning the relationship between the original text and the texts of translations with the use of the cognitive categorization model. From the perspective of the theory of prototypes, translation studies can be conducted at the general level of texts: the source and the target and at the detailed level: translation units and their translation equivalents. The structure of a category will depend on the researcher’s intuition and their decision to choose the unit in the center of the category under consideration. The aim of the paper is to propose several new categorization models, reflecting the various possibilities of building a category of translations with a central-peripheral structure at the level of the texts as a whole. This is due to the consideration of whether and in what sense the original text can be perceived as a prototype in relation to the translation text? In the center of the translation category, it is possible, for example, to place an ideal translation of the original, potential or actually existing in the host culture. The central-peripheral structure of translation category may also be useful in presenting the results of the translator’s decision-making process regarding the selection of a translation equivalent, as well as in the process of critical analysis of various translation solutions, especially in translation series, which, however, is beyond the scope of the present article.
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The aim of this article is to critically discuss the principles that allow the profession of sworn translator to be practised in Poland. The rules of conducting the written examination for a sworn translator were evaluated. The assessment is based, among other things, on errors and mistakes made in the examination. In addition, the examination requirements were compared with the realities of working as a sworn translator, and proposals were made for further modifications of the examination. The analysis is based on the examination of sworn German translator. sworn translator, examination for sworn translator, specialised terminology, legal translation, mistakes in the exam
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The aim of this article is to examine the renderings of lexical items essential for the structure and the content of Tokarczuk’s ‘Bieguni’85, i.e. podróż, and ruch, in the English translation performed by Jennifer Croft. Since we believe that both a wide-angle lens and a microscope are needed to view the composition properly, we offer both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the terms in question. In particular, 78 instances of the use of podróż, and 80 instances of the use of ruch are subject to the scrupulous comparative analyses when it comes to their translated equivalents, providing an in-depth description of their context-embedded textual meanings, and an attempt to demonstrate that some of the translator’s choices befit the characteristics of explicitation.
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In this paper we aim to develop a repertory that brings together the lexicographical resources available up to 1835 for the English translation of the Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, as well as to analyse the procedures and translation techniques that were used in the posthumous translation of 1844. Thus we intend to identify the main problems presented by the original work for its English translator, John Ingram Lockhart. To this end, we will present, on the one hand, an overview of the life of the original author, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, the characteristics of his work and its historical context, and, on the other, a brief note on Lockhart’s English version, translated and published more than two centuries later. We can therefore argue that this specialised translation of a historical work respects the theoretical and translatological presuppositions of its time, the methods developed by specialists and that it suggests the translator’s mastery of the Spanish (16th century) and English (19th century) languages on a passive and active level, although the difficulties related to the specialised lexicon represent the main problem of transfer due to the conceptual system this lexicon encodes or the cryptic forms adopted by the terms.
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In the year 1939 Ruth Matilda Anderson published her first monography, Gallegan Provinces of Spain: Pontevedra and La Coruña, under the aegis of the cultural institution in which she was working as curator and photographer, The Hispanic Society of America (HSA) in New York. This volume compiled the greatest number of translations into English of texts by Rosalía de Castro in a single book up to that time. Furthermore, most of them were translated into another language for the first time. Only another scholar before her, Annette B.Meakin, had translated into that same tongue, in 1909, two poems by Rosalía. From a pragmatic approach and a feminist view, I analyse the causes that, according to the documents studied, might have motivated the marginalization imposed on Anderson and her book for more than eighty years. First, I establish a comparative study with other analogous and coetaneous works, also written by women, which ultimately were welcome in the Galician system. Among them, there is an anthology on Spanish poetry published by the very HSA itself, in 1938, to which Ruth Matilda contributed by translating a text by Rosalía de Castro. Second, I analyse how the image that both the paratranslations compiled in the 1939 book, as well as the direct description of the Galician author and the Galician women conducted by Anderson, antagonistic of that promoted by Galician canon, could have been the causes of the ostracism towards this work and its author.
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This study investigates the effect of the interplay of the visual and the textual modes on The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tale, a postmodern picture book written in English by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith, and which has been translated into Spanish. The multimodal nature of illustrated books for children requires a multimodal comparative analysis in order to untangle the relative part played by each of these modes in the final product, the translated text. As a result of this contrastive examination, it has been possible to identify the intralingual transformations and intersemiotic transductions carried out by the translator in order to convey the original text into Spanish. The translation strategies and the particular verbal choices made by the translator have made it possible to determine the impact of the visual mode in the Spanish version of this picturebook.
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The reception of translated news is a practically unexplored field of journalistic translation, as Holland (2013) and Davier (2019) have shown. To date, very few studies have analyzed how translated information is received by audiences, mostly case studies which have focused on specific media, using different approaches and with different language pairs (e.g. Conway and Vaskivska 2010, Tian and Chao 2012). This study is part of this line of research and aims to analyze how Spanish readers receive translated news. For this first approach, we have examined the case of the Spanish digital newspaper El País, a medium that widely uses translation in the production of news. Our study has focused on the opinions of its readers collected in the section of the News Ombudsman, a dynamic space of the digital edition of this newspaper, open to readers who are subscribed. The role of the ombudsman is to respond to reader complaints, doubts and suggestions about the contents of the newspaper and to explain decisions, processes and more in a bi-weekly column. The corpus analyzed includes both the opinions of the readers and the responses of the ombudsman. From the data obtained, all opinions regarding the translation have been extracted with the aim of analyzing the (dis)satisfaction of the readers with respect to the translated news published by this medium.
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Jaime Bayly–one of the most prominent writers of contemporary Peruvian narrative–is considered a pioneer of non-heteronormative literary discourse. His much-studied novel La noche es virgen deals with the experiences of a bisexual journalist in the Lima of the 1990s. The article proposes its reading in an autobiographical key in order to identify symbolic spaces in which the protagonist consciously violates social and cultural norms. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the difficulties faced by Tomasz Pindel, the Polish translator of the book, describe his strategies and indicate the consequences of his decisions, which determined the reception of the novel in Poland.
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This work reveals the first, and perhaps the only, translation into Nahuatl of a fragment of the Libro llamado Monte Calvario (1545) by famous Franciscan Antonio de Guevara. One of the cultural references in one of the chapters in Guevara’s work was deemed very much related to the thought of the Mesoamerican culture. Because of that, indigenous scholars decided to translate it and incorporate it into a miscellaneous volume intended for education and devotion of the indigenous rulers. The idea of the tree – first as a figure of Christ on the cross and later as a paradigm of the good Christian ruler which is shown in the Nahuatl – encourages indigenous readers, for whom this work was intended, to conceive a new type of Christianity, where certain elements could be read and interpreted from the indigenous point of view, since in Mesoamerican thought the tree was also associated to the figure of the ruler (tlahtoani).
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Written on the sidelines of a new translation of Sodom and Gomorrah into Polish, the article evokes the problem that the translator had in finding the equivalent of the term inverti. This problem serves as a pretext to speak, on the one hand, of homosexuality in Proust, on the other, of language as the subject of the novel. In this context, the role of Albertine and the etymological tirades of professor Brichot are studied in particular. The author also highlights the testamentary character of this part of the Proustian cycle.
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This article discusses the history of translations of Adam Mickiewicz's poem Dziady (Forefathers' Eve) into the Belarusian language. Parts II and IV of the poem, written and published first, were created simultaneously with Adam Mickiewicz's ballad Romantyczność (Romance). This ballad is considered the manifesto of romanticism in Polish and Belarusian literature. Poem Dziady (Forefathers' Eve) contains quotes from this ballad, the main ideas of the works coincide. In fact, the poem Dziady (Forefathers' Eve) is an extended manifesto of romanticism. It is patriotic romanticism. Most of the heroes of the poem act on their own land. These are local peasants, Lithuanian-Belarusian youth. The poem describes Belarusian folk rituals. Therefore, the translation of the poem into Belarusian is important for Belarusian literature and culture. The author of the article gives a chronicle of translations of fragments of the poem into Belarusian, as well as performances of the poem in Belarusian theatres.
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