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Mohammad Amīn al-Shirwānī is one of the most important scientists of the 16th century. The author, who completed his education in North Azerbaijan, spent the rest of his life in the Ottoman Empire and passed away in Istanbul. Some of the works of the author, who wrote nearly thirty works in the fields of tafsir, logic, aqā‘id, Arabic language and other fields, have just been found. Although there have been many studies as articles, thesis and books about al-Shirwānī, no information about his family, his place of origin and where the author was educated in Azerbaijan. In this study, al-Shirwānī’s place of origin was clarified by referring to various manuscripts. At the same time, some of the works of the author which were not mentioned in the resources are briefly introduced. The Sharhuʼl-Beyteyni ʼl-Meshhūreyn treatise of the author has been analyzed and translated based on the copies of Kutuphāne-yi Meclis-i Shūrā-yı Millī and Suleymāniye and a short evaluation has been made about the treatise. The purpose of the article is to clarify Mohammad Amīn al-Shirwānī’s place of origin which was misrepresented by some authors, to introduce his works which are not subject to studies, to examine and translate the Sharhuʼl-Beyteyn treatise in a different copy.
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This article presents the person of Antoni Brosz (1910–1978), a bibliophile and collector from Kraków, who was also a translator of Slavic languages. Over a period of about 40 years, he compiled a collection of bookplates containing about 20,000 items (including duplicates). In accordance with his will, nearly 16,000 items (including about 10,000 Polish and 6,000 foreign plates) were donated to the Jagiellonian Library at the end of 1980. In 1999, the collector’s archival materials (including personal documents, letters as well as working notes) were also consigned to the Library. Antoni Brosz was the co-founder of the postwar Circle of Bookplate Lovers, which formed part of the Book Lovers Society. He participated actively in the Circle’s work and maintained contacts with numerous Polish and foreign collectors. He also collected “Orkaniana,” materials related to the work of the Young Poland artist Władysław Orkan.
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The aim of the article is to open up a discussion of Justin Quinn’s book Between Two Fires: Transnationalism and Cold War Poetry. The monograph focuses on transnational movements of poetry between Czech culture and the Anglophone world during the Cold War. The book allows us to reconsider the way in which we study similar transfers of Polish literature and the categories and models we use to describe them, which usually stem from translation studies, studies of reception of Polish literature abroad, and recent debates on world literature.
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The article deals with the changes that have been occurring in the reception (both translational and critical) of Polish poetry in Sweden since the 1980s. It points to the break with reading Polish poetry in the historical and political contexts (that were the dominant “style of reception” for several decades) and abandoning the order of literary history for the anthropological perspective. Analysis of examples shows that since the 1990s Swedish literary criticism was clearly seeking new ways of accentuating the independence of reviewed Polish authors from the “historical” background (e.g., the case of Adam Zagajewski but also of Tadeusz Różewicz). The context into which Polish poetry is successfully and very consequently inscribed in contemporary Sweden is the feminist perspective, which is rooted in the long-time tradition of taking up “the plight of women” in Sweden (or, more broadly, in all of Scandinavia) and clearly visible also in Swedish research in literary history pertaining to Polish literature that were conducted during the last three decades. The poetry of Polish female poets is currently the subject of intense focus of Swedish critics and translators.
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Adam Zagajewski is an established figure within the Spanish literary system. He might be the most admired author amongst foreign poets. His oeuvre is a reference point for Spanish poets from various generations and representing diverse literary movements. This article explores the mechanisms, which allowed the Polish poet to claim a central position in the new system and analyses the background as well as the course of this particular literary transfer.
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The article is based on comparative analysis of Italian medical documents translated in Polish. A short introduction to Italian and Polish medical terminology and their history will illustrate characteristics of medical language and potential difficulties that a translator may encounter in this kind of texts. In the article a particular attention will be dedicated to synonyms of medical terms that exist both in Italian and in Polish, but sometimes they do not correspond to the same concepts and what’s more, some of them may cause so-called register mismatch in target text.
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Conversation between Katarzyna Ojrzyńska and Natalia Pamuła
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Review of: Recenzja: Marcinkowska-Rosół, Maria i Sven Sellmer, red. i tłum. Hathapradipika: wstęp, tekst, przekład z objaśnieniami. Tom 1. 2018; Studia nad Hathapradipiką Swatmaramy. Tom 2. 2019. Poznań: UAM Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Review by: Marta Kudelska
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In the article, the author analyzes the communication between body and text in the latestnovel published by the Israeli writer Amir Gutfreund, Agadat Bruno ve Adela, in whichthe body and the text stand in its center, thus related to the texts of Schulz’s short storiesfrom the Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass. The paper refers to the essayisticconsiderations of Daniela Hodrová who approaches the text as a fabric and a tissue, anopen work with germinal places and an ability to attract other texts. The author graduallyexamines the context of a murder series committed in contemporary Israel, whose victimsare linked with one another not only by the rare killing weapon originating from thetime of the British Palestinian Mandate, but also by graffiti from The Sanatorium underthe Sign of the Hourglass and old secrets. The writing of text is defined as weaving anddeep dreaming, while the behind-text, inter-text, and over-text are examined to weavethe thread of the story into a meaningful pattern of fabric.
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This paper provides a comparative analysis of Polish and Russian carolling activity, which may be considered as a symbolic celebration of “tricksteriada”. Descriptions of carolling customs cultivated in the 19th- and at the beginning of the 20th century, primarily in ethnographic studies, were used as the source material. The issue mentioned above, to date, has not been studied, except quite limited comments concerning the “trickster” nature of masqueraders and their plays. Folk culture, i.e. a syncretic creation, was formed by pagan and Christian elements. In the context of the subject of this paper, rituals such as Christmas and New Year’s carolling prove its Slavic origin. The “supernatural visitors”, dressed as animals and anthropomorphic characters, violate cultural taboos. During carnival the order is reversed and provocative behaviour is acceptable. The carollers, in their role as traveling actors, seem to impersonate jesters in plays.The aim of the current article is to present the poetry of Natalya Livyt-ska-Kholodna in pre-war translations of Józef Łobodowski. The main objective is to indicate the premises which guided the translator in selecting poems, to demonstrate the characteristics of his poetic skills, as well as to discuss his translations. Although Natalya Livytska-Kholodna (1902–2005) is included in the so-called “Prague school”, she lived in Poland for over 20 years. Two volumes of her poetry were published in Warsaw: Вогонь і попіл (Fire and Ash, 1934)and Сім літер (Seven Letters, 1937). In spite of that, her literary achievements were almost entirely unknown to Polish readers in the interwar period. A few translations of her early poetry were published in the years 1934–1938 in the monthly “Sygnały”, “Biuletyn Polsko-Ukraiński”(“Polish-Ukrainian Bulletin”) and “Wołyń”magazine. Their authors were Tadeusz Hollender and Józef Łobodowski, with the latter publishing three translations: На розквітлі акації грона (Silver Moon Enveloped the Acacia), На розпуттях (Rue Racine) and На могилі (Over the Grave). The poet from Lublin chose works which were close to his own poetry and political views. The translations discussed here exemplify dynamic equivalence and are characterised by Łobodowski’s energy and personal involvement. He draws attention to semantic adequacy, but he does not refrain from poetizing the text. His translations include many elements aimed at stimulating the imagination of Polish readers.
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The paper is to compare the strategies of translators used to express Conrad’s key concepts in Lord Jim and it aims to assess whether retranslations of the novel into Polish, spanning over a century, have provided the Polish reader with an equal opportunity of being exposed to the stylistic consistency of Conrad’s usage of chosen key-words, and to notice their importance while interpreting the meaning of the novel. The translations examined include the first translations of Lord Jim from the beginning of the 20th century (by Emilia Węsławska and Anna Zagórska) and the latest ones from the beginning of the 21st century (by Michał Kłobukowski and Michał Filipczuk).
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Translating the biography of the world’s most famous golfer, Tiger Woods by Jeff Benedict and Armen Keteyian (2018a) into Polish, I made an assumption that the ability to understand the technical vocabulary of golf among the readers of the original would differ from that among the readers of the translated text. This assumption was based on the fact that golf is considerably more popular among the English-speaking nations than in Poland and that most of its jargon is based on English-language vocabulary. Therefore, the golf vocabulary was made more accessible to the Polish reader, following the precepts of the Nidian dynamic equivalence. Two methods for achieving this have been attempted: explaining the meanings of technical golfing terms within the body of the text, which corresponds to the notion of explicitation in translation; or replacing them with more common expressions in order to produce the acculturating effect. Both methods helped increase the readability of the text, but their limitations had to be taken into account. Employing explicitation could result in producing stylistically awkward sentences, and some explanations within the body of the text lacked necessary precision. Acculturation was not always possible, since in some cases the use of words conceived as equivalents of specialist terms could either mislead a lay reader or result in a negative response among readers familiar with the golf jargon. With these limitations in mind, a glossary of terminology of golf has been added to the translated text.
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With every passing day, video games are becoming increasingly popular, not only in Poland but also worldwide. As a consequence, a tendency has emerged among the biggest international companies to localize their digital products in an attempt to appeal to their target audience, and thus increase income. The following paper addresses the issue of equivalence in the English localization of the Polish video game Wiedźmin 3: Dziki Gon. More specifically, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the Polish jokes, puns, songs, customs and other cultural references identified in the corpus, and their target language localizations. Finally, the paper discusses to what extent, if at all, the source and target language versions are equivalent in terms of linguistic, humorous and cultural implications..
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The Hebrew Bible reached Europe for the first time in a Greek translation known as the Septuagint. Before Jerome prepared the translation of the Hebrew text – the Vulgate, fragmentary translations to Latin used as their source text the Septuagint, which influenced the Jerome’s work as well. The focus of this work is the lexeme hesed, semantic field of which refers to covenant and encompasses elements as action for the benefit of the counterpart, as well as help, rescue and mercy. The main semantic element of the discussed lexeme is two-directional relationship and reciprocity. As a result of combination of linguistic, social and cultural factors, the translators of the Septuagint chose the lexeme eleos (mercy) as an equivalent for the Hebrew hesed. In Vulgate, hesed is rendered as eleos also in the places where Septuagint favors different equivalents. In this article I will try to argue that through the Vulgate, Septuagint exercised an indirect influence on rendering of the Hebrew lexeme hesed in Polish translations of the Hebrew Bible. As a result, the original semantic field has been modified, and in particular, the semantic elements relating it to covenant and reciprocity have been lost in translation.
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The article concerns a comparative analysis of the vocabulary reflecting the internal world of characters in Saxon novels by J.I. Kraszewski and their Russian translations. In the paper some linguistic means used by the novels’ author and translators in order to create the characters’ language portrait have been discussed.
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The German cultural periodical Ost und West was published in Prague between 1 July 1837 and 10 June 1848. The goal of its editor, the librarian Rudolf Glaser was the mediation between East and West from Austria, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. A lot of articles were published on Czech, Moravian, Russian, and Polish literature, but the culture of other countries was also mentioned in the form of novels, dramas, poems, travelogues, and other genres about regional matters, music, theatre, etc. Its target readers were the educated bourgeoisie of the age. The literary contributions in Ost und West were submitted by authors. Czech folk poetry played a special role among the subjects. Every now and then, Hungarian authors’ works were included (e.g. Pál Jámbor’s poem and Károly Kisfaludy’s novel) in German translation. Karl Georg Rumy, the enthusiastic collaborator of many German-language papers of the Central European region and a zealous propagator of Hungarian literature sent reports to the journal on several occasions. The reviews of the young Frigyes Szarvady also appeared in Ost und West. Julian Chownitz, among others, reported on local curiosities.
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The present paper aims at offering some insights into the translation of some educational terms from Romanian into French. The research presented in this paper led to the completion of a dictionary of education destined for educational staff, researchers and students in the educational field. When translating a document, there are several obstacles the translator needs to overcome. The current paper deals with translation problems and strategies for cultural aspects, anglicisms, acronyms and initialisms.
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In the current civilizational context, defined by the global economy and communication, of which the Internet is the main vector, the advertising translation is growing exponentially and is functioning as one of the key factors of all international marketing strategies. It is the center of a large problem aria related to the specificity of the advertising language and to the complexity of the promotional message conceived as a multi-semiotic, heterogeneous and protean system, involved in a multilingual and multimedia communication act. Faced with the rise of online advertising, advertising translation is redefining its strategies and imposing itself as an interdisciplinary and creative practice, open to interculturality, combining global communication and communicational localization. This article aims to illustrate some of the emerging trends in this area, focusing on the translation of the commercial website as one of today's most complex and effective forms of advertising communication.
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The article deals with the problem of value transformations in modern Russian society, the translator of which are “thick” literary and social and political journals . The authors explore this process by analyzing the cognitive and narrative mechanisms implementing the concepts of “conscience” and “good” in magazines.
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