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Despite numerous efforts of Roma inclusion from various State and non-governmental organisations, segregation and socioeconomic marginalisation of the Roma is still widespread in Slovakia. In this paper, we show what social-psychological factors intervene into the process of intergroup relations change and how they can influence the effectiveness of interventions to reduce antigypsyism. We contend that establishing intergroup harmony between majority and minority may, by creating false assumptions about the absence of structural inequalities, weaken the potential for social change and minority collective action. Based on the theoretical analysis as well as the content analysis of anti-discrimination interventions carried out in the year 2018 and the thematic analysis of interviews with selected stakeholders (NGO representatives, intervention participants, sponsors) we identified four challenges that need to be tackled if the interventions are to succeed in reducing antigypsyism. These are: 1) essentializing vs. empowerment of minorities; 2) tension between the colourblind and multiculturalism approaches; 3) problem of intergroup boundaries and their consequences for generalization of positive intergroup attitudes to the whole outgroup; and 4) societal norms defining the nature of intergroup relations. We discuss how these challenges ought to be addressed in succesful anti-discrimination interventions.
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Na področju analize politik se od osemdesetih let 20. stoletja vse bolj postavlja vprašanje kakovosti storitev. Uporabniki in uporabnice postajajo vse bolj pomembni subjekti pri oblikovanju in izvajanju storitev javnih politik. Članek obravnava razloge, ki so privedli do tega in sodobne trende na področju vkljuèevanja uporabnikov. Med različnimičnačini vključevanja sta posebej predstavljena dva najpomembnejša. Prvi je demokratični model, ki temelji na načelu državljanstva; drugi je potrošniški model, kjer je uporabnik obravnavan kot potrošnik. Vključevanje uporabnikov je obravnavano na splošno, tovrstna konceptualna izhodišča pa je možno aplicirati tudi na različne sektorske politike, kot na primer na analizo stanovanjskega področja.
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Članek obravnava Habermasovo slabo poznano pojmovanje javnosti iz devetdesetih let in izpostavlja različne vidike njegove reinterpretacije njegovega bolj znanega pojmovanja javnosti iz šestdesetih let. V prvem delu so predstavljeni osnovni elementi Habermasove teorije diskurzivne etike, na osnovi katere je razvil kategorizacijo diskurzov v politični javnosti, v drugem delu so obravnavane korekcije njegovega zgodnjega pojma liberalne javnosti v luči njegovega kasnejšega povezovanja načel liberalizma in republikanstva, v tretjem delu pa je prikazana še vmestitev javnosti v njegovo dvostopenjsko teorijo demokracije.
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Članek obravnava Benthamovo pojmovanje publicitete in primerja njegove strategije za uravnavanje vedenja poslancev s strategijami za uravnavanje vedenja zapornikov. Pokaže na disciplinsko moč nenehno prisotnega pogleda javnosti: tako v zaporu kot v politični skupščini igra javnost vlogo razsodnika. Publiciteta kot sistem prosojnosti omogoča odgovorno delovanje vladajočih in zaupanje vladanih. Prosojnost oblasti zagotavlja uresničitev utilitarističnega načela “največje sreče največjemu številu ljudi”. Medtem ko je bil nekoč idealni mehanizem vladanja skritost, je pri Benthamu idealni mehanizem vladanja odprtost oblasti javnosti.
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Like prostitution, pornography, and the like, and surrogate maternity is a question which divides feminist movement. Liberal feminism, supporting surrogate motherhood, emphasizes, above all, the question of choice. According to this concept, a woman can choose whether she will give birth to a child, and in accordance with the regulation of surrogacy, she may receive a certain amount of money for this (Imrie, Jadva, 2014). On the other hand, radical and part of left-oriented feminists take into account not only choices, but also the material conditions that condition and/or limit them. Starting from this assumption, as well as from the general criticism of the control and appropriation of women’s reproducibility and sexuality, they see in the surrogate motherhood another type of exploitation of the female body. Since the mother surrogate is usually from the lowest class, it is precisely in this practice that the actions of the capitalist patriarchy and the double oppression of women from marginalized groups are evident. Because of this, Renata Klein, a feminist who opposes the surrogacy, calls this a reproductive prostitution (Klein, 2017). However, this is not a universal view of all left-wing feminists – some of them see surrogacy as a work that needs to be regulated by law, and a surrogate mother as a worker whose rights need to be promoted (Lewis, 2019). My basic thesis is that surrogacy is not only a basic exploitative practice that mostly affects women from the poorest and most marginalized social groups, but also that it is related to other forms of appropriation and control of female reproduction, and endangering the right to bodily autonomy through the creation of legislative frameworks which, reduced to the level of social reality, means a proprietary relationship to the female body. In other words, surrogacy is seen in the context of strengthening rightwing forces in Europe and the world that abolish and/or restrict already won women’s rights, such as the right to abortion, which also invoke similar values advocated by feminists who support surrogacy, such as the right to biological parenthood or the right of embryo.
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The mirror is one of the most important objects that have accompanied it (humankind) throughout the ancient history of man. Therefore, unlike an ordinary object, the mirror also has a deep history. Archaeological excavations in ancient ruins, the mirror is an ornament in some civilizations; in some he showed that it was left next to the deceased in graves as an object to be used for rebirth. Archaeological excavations in ancient ruins, the mirror is an ornament in some civilizations; in others, it indicates that it was left next to the deceased in graves as an object to be used for rebirth. Because of these symbolic meanings attributed to the mirror, it has been a rich resource for history, culture, myths and literature. As a result of the mutual interactions and cultural exchanges between civilizations throughout history, these symbolic meanings of the mirror have also manifested themselves in different civilizations. In this context, mirror has taken its place in myths, history, culture and literature by showing similar features. In this study, the mirror is evaluated in the light of the historical and sociological perspective. Apart from the feature of the mirror that makes people visible by only reflecting the image, it is aimed to evaluate the meanings attributed to the mirror throughout history. In this context, the ancient history of the mirror and its place in the life of human beings were tried to be evaluated in line with the data obtained. In the history of the mirror and the use of the mirror in different areas, it has been determined that the mirror was used extensively by people in various rituals and symbolized as a key necessary for transition to different dimensions. It has been determined that in the history of the mirror and the use of the mirror in different areas, the mirror was used extensively by people in various rites and symbolized as a key necessary for transition to different dimensions.
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This study was designed to address the relationship between and some components of psychological well-being and duration among prisoners in Hosanna town. To meet this objective, the researcher drew 100 out of 2,000 populations who were selected as sample participants of the study by using systematic random sampling techniques. A point Likert-type scale questionnaire was used. The data were analysed through percentage, correlation; t-test and analysis of variance. The result revealed that there is no significant relationship between some components of psychological well-being and age among prisoners. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female prisoners on the components of psychological well-being. The study suggested that it is advisable to create favourable conditions for the prisoner to develop a sense of good interaction among them. Finally, the correctional centre should develop a sense of belongingness and coordination among offenders to minimise stress and conflict in the correctional centre.
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In this study, a research was conducted focusing on the perception of virginity encountered in various folkloric creations emerging within our oral tradition, especially in folk songs. As pointed out in some studies on social gender and centered on women, the phenomenon of virginity, which is one of the most soughtafter features in an unmarried woman, was investigated in detail in terms of folk songs and the problem of virginity was emphasized as a preferred feature in folk songs. In this study, which is based on written sources, including text, compiled songs from different regions of Turkey, contained about virginity encountered in the folk songs, given to the word, phrase and metaphors; the findings are presented by classification. In this regard, the perception of virginity in folk songs has been identified as the ideal wife or lover, a sign of beauty, the symbol of honor, sexual goal and a source of attraction and healing. These findings were supported with concrete examples and a general evaluation was made as well as some suggestions on the subject.
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The subject approached is a current one and resides in the interest shown for the knowledge of the historical evolution of the normative regulations of the international legal assistance in criminal matters. The mutual provision of international legal assistance by states in criminal matters occupies an important place in international cooperation in the fight against crime. Mutual assistance can be fruitful only on the condition of the multilateral record of existing normative acts, which are contained in national legislation and international treaties, only on the basis of real estimates of both the current situation and the likely prospects of their interactions at the level of creation. and law enforcement.
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Failures in certain areas of life leave adolescents with a feeling of worthlessness, low self-esteem, confusion of identity, thus causing them quite strong internal conflicts that can lead to emotional imbalances and ultimately to deviant behavior. In contemporary society, the tendency of adolescents to join reference groups has a large impact on their behavior, because on the one hand, it can allow them to assert themselves, awareness of the desire to delimit themselves from family and school authority, but on the other hand, not all groups can have beneficial effects on them. The existence of numerous groups dealing with illicit acts, groups with recidivists or with a criminal record is a source of attraction for adolescents with social deficiencies, leading them to train in deviant acts and then delinquents who are highly dangerous for society (rapes, thefts, robberies). // Group delinquency is characteristic of juvenile delinquency, the main acts being hooliganism, rape, violence, vehicle theft. Most juvenile delinquency behaviors can fall into four broad categories: theft, violence to gain a material advantage, violation of status laws (school dropout, absenteeism), and group or gang behavior received by others as a threat due to physical activity involved.
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The social integration of young offenders involves several components: cultivating self-confidence, restoring and maintaining family ties, discovering and encouraging prosocial interests (eg. work, literacy, education, etc.), the positive influence of co-workers and friends but also integration through work.
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The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between sexual myths and parent attitudes in women between the ages of 20-35. Whose have overprotective, inconsistent, repressive and authoritarian parents can not ask questions freely in sex related matters. The false information they learn from peers or digital media will facilitate the formation of sexual myths and it is important to determine that relationship with the suggestions. The sample of this study consisted of 83 randomly selected women aged 20-35 years. Sociodemographic Data Form, Parent Attitude Scale and Sexual Myths Evaluation Form were applied in the study. We found that, according to the economic level, SMF scores differ significantly and SMF scores differ significantly according to educational level. It has been determined that the level of protective-willing parental attitudes also differs in terms of education level.When the authoritarian attitude subscale scores of women were analysed according to age, economic level and education level variable no significant difference was observed. A low level of positive correlation was found between sexual myth levels and protective-willing attitudes. As a result of the research, various suggestions were made.
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Prejudice, stereotype and discrimination cause the exposed group members to experience many physical and psychological difficulties. Various studies have been conducted and theories have been developed in order to reduce the negative consequences of prejudice and discrimination and to develop more positive intergroup attitudes and behaviors. One of the theories developed in this context is the intergroup imagined contact theory. Imagined contact is a type of indirect contact that contributes to the reduction of prejudices through a positive mental communication between group members. Number of studies carried out in Turkey about imagined contact theory is quite limited. Therefore, the purpose of the current review study is to present the imagined contact theory and some research findings conducted within the framework of this theory, to make suggestions based on the presented research findings, and to provide a comprehensive Turkish resource for students and researchers who want to have information about imagined contact. For this purpose, firstly, brief information about the concepts of prejudice, stereotype and discrimination and the theories that imagined contact theory based on were presented. Then, imagined contact theory, methodological modifications of imagined contact settings, and related research findings carried out worldwide and in Turkey were reviewed separately. Finally, some opinions and suggestions related to the theory and future directions were presented.
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Review of: Matej Vrebac - Nikola Vučić, Kritika toksične muškosti: pregled suvremenih istraživanja (Sarajevo: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2021)
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In this article, I analyze the issue of the normativity of function presented in Krystyna Bielecka’s book Błądzę, więc myślę. Co to jest błędna reprezentacja? [I Err, Therefore I Think. What is Misrepresentation?]. I outline the general assumptions that, I argue, should be satisfied by a realistic and non-trivial theory of the normativity of representations. In the next part of the paper, I present the coherence-based account of system-detectable error and its main assumptions as defended by Bielecka. Then, I discuss the author's position on the issue of the normativity of representations, inspired by teleosemantics, which I refer to as epistemic. In the next part, I indicate two potential problems (i.e. attribution and observer) which are difficult to solve by a teleosemantic approach to normativity. After this, I suggest an understanding of representational functions and mechanisms in terms of explanatory normativity, and next, I discuss the role of environmental constraints in explaining normative mechanisms. In the summary, I defend Bielecka's approach, claiming that it can be supplemented with an ontical approach to normativity.
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This article explores the Scottish character of Groundskeeper Willie in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons with a pragmatic and social-psychological approach. It firstly introduces Willie’s linguistic and visual features, the sample of three episodes the analysis is based on, Scottish stereotypes in Lindsay’s (1997) sociological research, and Searle’s (1976) taxonomy of illocutionary acts (representatives or assertives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations). Secondly, the turns uttered by the groundskeeper in the sample are classified by applying Searle’s taxonomy, and his illocutionary acts are examined in their contexts and compared with the list of national-ethnic Scottish stereotypes compiled by Lindsay. This study demonstrates that Willie’s illocutionary acts and the stereotypes they convey depict him as a figure characterised by positive traits; nevertheless, the responses his illocutionary acts are met with not only counter his pleasant aspects, but also ultimately represent the Scottish groundskeeper as a ludicrous victim of his American fellow townspeople.
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Victorian sensation fiction strives to go beyond its time through issues and characters that do not conform to nineteenth century social norms. The novels of this genre depict the sensational lives with deceits and crimes which shocked the readers of their time, and they increase the reader’s tension with sensational narratives including untraditional matters and portrayals. Along with scandalous and criminal subjects, these works sometimes offer unconventional depictions of femininity and masculinity in the Victorian Age. Accordingly, this paper discusses Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) focusing on male and female characters challenging traditional gender stereotypes. It examines how these novels describe characters rather dissimilar to the ones in the traditional fiction of the era through their cunnings, intrigues, and unconventional attitudes with regard to marriage, power, and gender roles.
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This paper is based on qualitative research among people diagnosed with a mental illness who voluntarily attend a mental health center. Such individuals are given a degrading “mentally ill” label, which transforms them into a “new” person. This study showed that—due to their label—research participants are often socially marginalized—not only in the public but also in the private sphere. As members of an “organized deviant group” (the mental health center), they follow a “deviant career” and find a job outside the regular job market. Their marginalization is not only caused by their health problems (by their impairment), but they are also disabled through social reactions to these problems. Psychiatry based on the biological model of the disease cannot, therefore, help them without the cooperation of social science approaches dealing with social marginalization.
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For scholars and activists alike, local food is linked to visions of a more equitable, ethical and sustainable agro-food system. Notwithstanding an apparent unity, local food is mobilized for very different aims including environmental sustainability, the revitalization of rural economies, the reconnection of consumers to agriculture and nature and the promotion of land entitlements for marginalized populations. At the same time, local food has become a crucial element in protectionist and neo-ruralist ideologies that support bounded, defensive spatial strategies. These contradictions point to the limited heuristic value of the ‘local food’ concept, particularly when decoupled from an explicit attention to the political and power dimensions of the local. Building upon these considerations, in this article we explicitly focus on the political and transformative dimensions of different local food projects and propose to read local food as a ‘real utopia’ project whose aim is the transformation of the food economy in the direction of sustainability, social emancipation and social justice. Utilizing the framework developed by E.O. Wright, we look at local food as a diagnosis and critique of the present; as the prefiguration of a more sustainable, just and democratic future; and as a set of transformative strategies that aim at changing the system in the desired direction. Our analysis suggests that, differently from the oppositional movements of the Fordist era, the local food movement is characterized by its use of interstitial (“ignore the state”) and symbiotic (“use the state”) strategies. These strategies either seek to establish new economic and social relations at the margins of the neoliberal food economy, or partner with local institutions to consolidate new experiences with food democracy and food justice. By mobilizing non-ruptural strategies in the service of a real utopian project, local food initiatives are opening up new, enlarged spaces for non-capitalist or post-capitalist economies that constitute the basis for social learning and experimentation of a global more sustainable and just food system. A further step ahead could be constituted by the promotion of a reflexive, more democratic, socially empowering system of governance, able to lead the innovative potential of the food movement to its full expression.
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