R Benacchio. I dialetti sloveni del Friuli tra periferia e contatto
Review of: R. Benacchio. I dialetti sloveni del Friuli tra periferia e contatto. Societa Filologica Friulana. Udine, 2002. 196 стр.
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Review of: R. Benacchio. I dialetti sloveni del Friuli tra periferia e contatto. Societa Filologica Friulana. Udine, 2002. 196 стр.
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Review of: Е.В. Урысон. Проблемы исследования языковой картины мира. Аналогия в семантике. [Studia Philologica, Языки славянской культуры.] Москва, 2003, 223 р.
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The need to use dictionaries in education is clear and indisputable. The same does not apply to dictionary culture, which often occupies an unenviable position in both curricular and extracurricular language learning contexts. The mere existence of a need for a particular practice is not a sufficient motive for its adoption and practical implementation. Accordingly, the mere need to use dictionaries along with a lack of habit will not result in the development of dictionary culture in the true sense of the word. The process of establishing a dictionary culture should be initiated in the early school years, and it should be continuously developed and nurtured throughout education. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on both the need for and potential ways of developing the habit and skills of using dictionaries in foreign language teaching and learning with the aim of educating independent dictionary users. Through discussing the importance of cultivating the use of dictionaries, the paper aims to give a well-grounded answer to the question of the type of dictionary which should be given preference in language teaching contexts ‒ bilingual or monolingual. The answer offered is based on an insight into lexicographic literature, but also on personal experience of foreign/second language acquisition and the practice of teaching English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) and English for specific purposes (ESP). Without any intention of excluding bilingual dictionaries as possible teaching aids, the use of monolingual dictionaries, especially learner’s dictionaries, should be encouraged from the earliest stages of second/foreign language acquisition. Considering semantic, communicative-pragmatic, and grammatical information available in monolingual learner’s dictionaries, there is no doubt that this dictionary type can and should replace bilingual dictionaries, which should remain a complementary source of quick verification of equivalent translation into the mother tongue whenever needed.
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The article traces the initial steps of the discipline Cultural Studies in Bulgaria. The first conference convened in Veliko Turnovo by the British Council in 1993 is taken as a conceptual metaphor for the influences on the discipline and the basic principles that inform the theoretical framework of this cross-disciplinary field. Cultural Studies is a relatively new phenomenon in Academia. The first conference in Bulgaria was also the first conference on British Studies to be held outside the United Kingdom, so the inchoative factor operates at various levels. The status of English as a “target” language has long been approved all around the world and the need for knowledge about countries where it is spoken as the official language has long sought and found some degree of satisfaction as Civilisation courses. However, the field of Cultural Studies had never been introduced into the picture of language learning as a rich multidisciplinary project up until that conference. The presentations reveal what Bulgarian academics had developed to contribute and what the invited guests sought to showcase. Thus, the presentations are analysed for the topics and key concepts they apply. The conclusions relate to the scope of Cultural Studies courses, their interdisciplinary nature, and the constitutive principles. Additionally, relevance for courses of philology is proposed, with a view of the fields of graduate employment: teaching and translation.
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The aim of this paper is to show the influence of the Turkish language on the semantic adaptation Persian loanwords in the Bosnian language. The introduction part of this paper gives a brief historical overview of the relationship between Persian, Turkish and Bosnian. This is followed by a section with a comparative semantic analysis showing Persisms that have retained their original meaning in Turkish and Bosnian, as well as those in which there have been partial or complete semantic shifts. The above examples show the original meanings in Persian, Turkish and Bosnian.
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By applying the cognitive-onomasiological approach of Peter Koch (1999), we analyze the relation between the names of trees and their fruit in Balkan languages (Greek, Albanian, Bulgarian and Romanian) and in some non-Balkan languages (Slavic languages: Polish and Russian and Romance languages: Italian). On the basis of the results from the analysis, the following three areas of correlations can be established: fruit-bearing tree – fruit, which are characterized with, respectively: morphological relations between the names (change of grammatical gender in Romanian and Italian and partially in Ancient Greek); structural changes (suffixation in most Romance languages and in modern Greek: composition in Germanic languages); identical name for the tree and its fruit (in Slavic languages and in Albanian) or an area of the Slavic type.
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The article examines the influence of German and English on Bulgarian phraseology. The author draws attention to the periods of particularly intensive language contact and reviews the publications оf Bulgarian (rarely foreign) authors in this field. In order to study the ways of borrowing and the periods during which certain phrases are affirmed, the expressions of two Revival translations were studied in comparison with the original texts. Special attention is paid to modern phraseological neologisms coming from English.
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The paper presents the results of research in the field of Slovak acquisition as a foreign language in the initial phase (language level A1). The aim of our work is to use the method of Error Analysis to justify errors in the use of prepositions in the accusative case and locative case in the singular form in written communications speaking the mother tongue of non-Slavic and non-philological focus. We notice student‘s interlanguage as a means of understanding in the process of second language learning. In the research part we will try to analyze the errors that occurred during the collection of language data – 24 texts of students of the Faculty of Medicine at the Slovak Medical University in Bratislava created for teaching during the first semester of study. The data serve as background material for current dissertation research.
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The focus of the article is the variation in the transcription of Danish consonants into Bulgarian Cyrillic, as observed in the renditions of Danish names found in texts published from the 1970s to the mid 2010s. The variation is interpreted as a consequence of the tension and vacillation between the principles of phonetic transcription, phonemic transcription and transliteration. While increasing tendencies towards phonetic transcription are observed, some forms of transliteration persist, and methodological inconsistency is widespread.
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The current article reports on action research within an exploratory case study discussing the process of designing an online training program for English as a Foreign Language National Examination examiners and raters in Estonia, the first of its kind to be used in the context explored. The process is guided by Collins’ Cognitive Apprenticeship Model and elements of the TPACK framework by Koehler et al. to determine the dimensions of the program, discuss its implementation and the trainees’ response to it. The analysis of the process revealed clear stages in its evolution as well as its cyclical nature. The implementation of the resultant online program, consisting of video-based trainer input and interactive interview management and student performance assessment tasks, displayed notable training benefits – clear trainee satisfaction with the training quality and an increase in learner autonomy.
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The contemporary international influence of the English language is increasingly talked about in terms of a linguistic globalization generated by the alert rhythms of the economic, political and social contacts of the XXI century (Adriana Stoichițoiu-Ichim, 2002: 259). So the influence of English on the lexicon of some languages, also of international circulation, meets a need for efficient and fast communication in the context of hasty social and economic transformations. It lends itself to borrowing English terms not only the languages spoken for example in SE Europe, where the modernization of socio- political life has been much delayed by political conjuncture, but also languages like French, Italian, Spanish, German as a result of political and economic contacts, of bilingual speakers and the audio-visual and written press.
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The authoress presents three women associated with Wilanów. Elżbieta Sieniawska (1668/69 – 1729), wife of Adam the grand hetman of the Crown and Kraków castellan, was one of the most influential women of the time of August II. The scale of her activity was large. She was involved in political, economic, cultural and artistic life. She bought Wilanów in 1720 because it provided prestige to the Sieniawski family as the owners of the formerresidence of King Sobieski. The only daughter of magnates, Maria Zofia Denhoff, was the heir to a great fortune, for which she was well prepared to manage. In 1730, she leased Wilanów to King August II. After his death in 1733, Wilanów returned again to Maria Zofia and her second husband August Czartoryski. Elżbieta Drużbacka, a trusted client of the Sieniawski family, poet, confidante of Maria Zofia, may have been to the palace in Wilanów. Siemiginowski’s plafonds "Four Seasons" found there could draw inspiration for the poem "Opisanie czterech części roku" (Describing the four parts of the year).
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This article analyzes the theme of adventure as it is developed in Mateiu I. Caragiale’s novel Gallants of the Old Court (Craii de Curtea-Veche). I am particularly interested in the way in which Mateiu I. Caragiale presents a pattern of adventure as it emerges from the culture and civilization of the 18th century and in particular of the Enlightenment, and a typology of the adventurer. Based on the distinction that Vladimir Jankélévitch makes in L’aventure, l'Ennui, le Sérieux between “adventurer” (l’aventurier) and “adventurous” (l’aventureux), I study the way Mateiu I. Caragiale adapts the 18th -century model in the context of modernity where the adventurer turns into an arriviste. I analyze this new typology of modernity from the perspective offered by both Mateiu I. Caragiale’s novel and his correspondence with his young friend N.A. Boicescu, given that the pattern proposed by the author of Gallants of the Old Court represents a hybrid between the two typologies. I also explore how the reading of Félicien Champsaur’s novel The Arriviste influenced the Romanian prose writer and his way of conceiving his characters, and his lifestyle as well.
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With this article, we aim to systematically construct an argument towards the poetics of excess, specific to literary and, in a broader sense, artistic decadent movement. In a cultural paradigm in which we encounter an acute sense of cupio dissolvi (“I wish to be dissolved”), the excess becomes a subversive, escapist, or even compensatory response to a fundamental lack, a significant absence, an ontological vacuum. Modern society stands under the seal of decadence, and excess is a form of dissolution of a time under the ascendancy of decline. Thus, we aim to synthesize the most common forms of excess (erotic, opioid abuse, food consumption, gambling, extravagant clothing, etc.) in literature and film of the twentieth century and to understand what are the reasons behind this too-muchness.
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According to twentieth-century developments in the field of medical communication, there are two aspects which need to be taught: content and process. Usually, it is far more intuitive and even necessary to focus on the content of medical communication, leaving process aside. However, recent research shows that emphasizing process leads to improved medical care and professionalism in the physician-patient relationship, which is always dependent on non-technical factors such as academic culture, the particular view on medicine that a society has, and the difference between disease, the hard scientific data, and illness, the patient’s individual and social experience of disease. This paper explores the various ways in which content and process can be combined in the Medical English class with a specific focus on the Calgary-Cambridge framework. New approaches have been developed in recent years, but they should be balanced by a straightforward teaching of the social, political, historical, and medical-technical structures at play in contemporary practice.
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The paper discusses Polish as a religious language in Eastern Europe, particularly in Lithuania, and – to a lesser extent – Belarus and Ukraine. The author focuses on language changes within the sphere of religion concerning the use of Polish and other languages in the Roman Catholic Church. The process of depolonizing the Roman Catholic Church along with its Belarusization in Belarus and Ukrainization in Ukraine has been observable. Moreover, the article overviews the response of the Church members to the eradication of Polish as a religious language and replacing it with Belarussian and Ukrainian. With respect to Lithuania, the analysis based on field research (informants) depicts the current situation of the Polish language as its usage has come to be limited and as it has begun to be eradicated from the Church in two Polish-speaking enclave communities that are disintegrated today (the Kaunas region and the Zarasai region).
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This article analyses aspects of character design in Saul Bellow’s novel Henderson the Rain King. It focuses on the association of space and specific moments in time and highlights the use of landscape structures in important moments of the book, aiming to explore the evolution of the central character. The overall discussion of the relationship between character development and landscape patterns uses Bakhtin’s idea of chronotope and identifies several significant moments in the economy of the book that are relevant to the construction of the main character. On the whole, this article was inspired by Saul Bellow’s recurrent and energetic attempts to rescue, throughout his writing activity, that part of the traditional novel which is centered around a problematic hero.
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The editors of this joint research study, Roxana Ciolăneanu (University of Lisbon, Portugal) and Roxana-Elisabeta Marinescu (Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania) have embraced a multidisciplinary approach to what may appear as an otherwise “old” topic, namely gender roles, narratives and women imagery in culture. The relevance of the project is stated in the Preface (xvii-xxiv), when the chronology of the topic is mentioned: from Mary Wollstonecraft’s 1792 A Vindication of the Rights of Women to recent international policies, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, one of the sustainable goals mentioned being the elimination or reduction of women exclusion and marginalization, the challenges seem to have remained the same since the 18th century.
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Reviews of: Doruľa, J.: O slovensko-nemeckom spolunažívaní v 16.–18. storočí. Bratislava: Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV – Slovenský komitét slavistov, 2014. 352 s.; Zborník k jubileu profesorky PhDr. Marty Pančíkovej, CSc. Dobríková, M. (ed.): Philologica LXXVIII. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského, 2021.; Galewska, K.: Wtórne użycie nazw własnych na przykładzie języka polskiego, angielskiego i chińskiego. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2021, 138 s.; Межъязыковая омонимия при обучении словацких студентов-русистов и русских студентов словакистики в оригинальном учебнике Ф. Калаша Kalaš, F.: Učebnica slovensko-ruských a rusko-slovenských homoným. Brno: Tribun EU, 2021. 212 s.; K otázke o formovaní kresťanskej identity západných Slovanov Dragnea, M.: Christian Identity Formation Across the Elbe in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. New York –Bern – Berlin – Brusells – Vienna – Oxford – Warsaw: Peter Lang, 2021, 122 s. Reports: Za Jánom Jankovičom (1943–2021); Před sto lety se narodil profesor Roman Mrázek; Komunikácia ako kultúrna axióma cyrilo-metodskej misie v Európe; Zo zasadnutí Slovenského komitétu slavistov.
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A description of possible ways for electronic description of some paleographic and language features implemented in the framework of the initiative Zograf electronic research library. The ongoing work on the project can be seen at https://www.slav.uni-sofia.bg/zograf/pages/index.html.
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