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Written in 2003, Craig Thompson’s graphic memoir Blankets manages to arouse readers’ attention through its complex emotional background that entwines the protagonist’s constant attempts to live a normal, happy life with his psychological instability, as well as his personal coming-of-age and first love with strict religious education and a detachment from his childhood memories. This paper, however, attempts to analyse the concepts of space and time from the point of view of visual representation. I argue that the artist succeeds in creating the idea of temporal development through constant flashbacks, and inner space representations in a graphic narrative that is retrospectively narrated; at the same time, I identify a series of artfully coined images that symbolise winter’s purity and cleanliness which come to oppose the ugliness of the social context (unspoiled versus ravaged outer space) that traps the hero in an impossible universe that annihilates any outbursts of creativity, ingenuity and love.
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The article offers a summary and analysis of the available texts written in the Thracian language, which became especially necessary after the breakthrough finding in 1988 of new written monuments in Thracian in the settlement of Zone on the Aegean coast in Greece. Contrary to popular belief that the Thracians were an illiterate people, it can be concluded that by the 4th century BC there were three centers of writing activity in the Thracian lands: Northeastern Bulgaria (the inscription from the village of Kjolmen), the Upper Thracian plain (the inscription on the ring from the village of Ezerovo and the inscriptions on artifacts from the mounds of Duvanlii), and the Aegean coast (inscriptions from the settlements of Zone and Maroneia and from the island of Samothrace). The author examines the written evidence of the Thracian language in the context of the neighboring Greek alphabets and concludes that the existence of a local alphabet used by the Thracian population before the arrival of the Greek colonists on the Aegean coast can be postulated. Another focus of the paper is related to understanding the reasons for the gradual demise of the practice of writing in the Thracian language in the context of the emergence of the Greek local alphabets and the cultural and political reality of contacts with the Greek-speaking population and education, without neglecting the sociolinguistic aspects of the problem
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The article is part of a larger study of documents related to one of the communist regime's biggest crimes – the massacre without trial and the conviction of local elites (25-30 000 people) in a particularly sadistic way. The study is based on David Ovadia's documentary "Levanevsky" dedicated to a participant in the Partisan Fighters’ Movement, convicted not only for political but also for criminal offences and who led the sadistic murders of innocent civilians after the communist coup. The questions I want to answer to are: what are the reasons for the moral relativism of the author who tries to justify Levanevsky as a legendary hero. How long can anti-fascist rhetoric legitimize any crimes regardless of their scale and cruelty; what are the biographical psychoanalytical causes of communist sadism? The psychoanalytical analysis (linguistic turn in psychoanalysis) reveals a recurring biographical scheme – a despotic mother and an uninteriorized fatherly authority, which is not compensated by the symbolic networks of kinship, religion, school, army, profession. The involvement of criminals in the partisan movement compromises the anti-fascist movement – an atmosphere of fear, power battles, arbitrary killings and robberies was brought about. Reconstracting the life trajectory of Levanevski who was used and misused by the communists (killed without court and sentence after the communists took power) we could consider him as a representative of the peasant anarchism rather than the conscious antifascist struggle. Statistic data about the social and educational status of the Bulgarian partisan fighters (1941-1944) are also provided.
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The aim of the text is to increase the sensitivity of researchers to violating the rules of publication ethics and contribute to the cultivation of publication environment in Czech academic sphere. A number of possible negative phenomena may be based on poor awareness of the less experienced authors or due to the influence of external circumstances. The text presents the rules of good scientific practice that are established mainly in official documents and ethical codes of scientific institutions. The good practices in scientific publications of Masaryk university, Brno, Czechia are presented in detail, journals and publishers that promise too easy conditions for the publication of the authors' work should be avoided, because of harming academic careers, negatively affecting scientific integrity and reducing the value of the research work
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Formalists broke a category of previous studies that did not rely on the text, by moving the object of study from the outside of literature, to the inside of literature. As pioneers of this study method, they built concepts that would crystallize only later. They represented goals that were bigger than their possibilities and this happened because, in general, they applied linguistic studies in their literary studies, while it is known that language or linguistics in the ‘20s, XX century, was in its first phase of development. But language made them very connected to the text, perceiving the tool as the main protagonist of literature. This connection with the text would give them a stronger resilience in comparison to other methods that distance from the text, by going to abstractions, without a pure reference to the text. If N. Fraj’s opinion that when we analyze literature we speak of literature and when we assess it we speak of ourselves is to be considered reasonable, then we can say that Russian formalists, in general, spoke about literature, not about themselves. At all costs, they sought to distance themselves from outside of literature, regardless of the form of study it would manifest itself, as the study of the author, the reader, or the one studying. To them, text and its characteristics were everything.
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This research studies the impact of universities’ brand tone of voice in their Facebook communication with students and the perceptions students develop about their university. This phenomenological research used in-depth interviews and applied social impact theory (SIT). A purposive sample of 15 students from eight Bulgarian universities was collected using a snowball strategy. This study contributes to the existing literature on brand communications and brand tone of voice in higher education in particular. The main findings suggest that the brand tone of voice that universities use their Facebook pages is serious, formal, respectful, and rational. However, those definitions are loaded with different connotations. A respectful university sounds bureaucratically polite; a rational university is one that views its current students as a source of income. In adherence to social norms, students expect their university to speak in a serious and formal manner on Facebook. However, they find rigid communication and bureaucratic courtesy disrespectful. From practical perspective it can be assumed that universities need to abandon strictly formal, distancing, and non-inclusive brand tone of voice and their publicistic style and one-way communication.
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The poem “One Word” (1903) by Lesya Ukrainka appears to be one of the least known and appreciated amongst the poetess’ literary works. So far, there has been a Soviet interpretation of the poem with the researchers’ claim that the image of a political prisoner depicted in the poem is inspired by a Ukrainian revolutionary poet and political exile Pavlo Grabovsky. Furthermore, the key version to define the term “unnamed word” was established by Agatangel Krymsky’s in his first review of the poem (“Critical and Philological Remarks on Flies in the Ointment”, 1906) regarding the word “will” commonly used in the Yakut language. To avoid unambiguous reading, the author foresees the possibility of replacing the subtitle of her poetry, i.e., instead of “Tales of the Old Yakut” she suggests a subtitle “A Tale of the Native from the North”. Thus, it will be more than obvious to claim that the poetess had to focus on the uncertainty and definite ambiguity of a sacred word which an enlightened scribe could hardly explain to the illiterate natives. As such, the plot scheme of the poetry in question is based on the structural-semiotic mechanism of ancient children’s game based on guessing the word (real terms or abstract concepts) conceived by the presenter (or a group of people) by means of describing them without direct naming. For that reason, we find it challenging to trace how the author creates a pseudo-imagological effect of “misunderstanding” and “misinterpretation” through the phenomenon of an unnamed word.
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The notion of a new comparativism in literary studies shared by critics like Theo D’haen, Pascale Casanova, Michel Lobry, Walter Mignolo, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, and many others is associated with questioning the dominant Eurocentrism, suggesting that regarding the ideas, messages, and projections taking over literature today, the Euro-American system is changing and in future could even become peripheral to the new one (D’haen, 2012). Even if this does not happen, one should not ignore that the world of literature looks different when viewed from less dominant points of view. We share the idea that the cultures that stay isolated wither away; on the other hand, the cultures that remain confined within themselves deform, and only those cultures that maintain the balance of borrowing and lending tend to be healthy and thriving, hence the insistence on the interaction between the different cultures based on equality and mutual respect, because the imitation of the Western model is dangerous when it is internationalized in the intellectual concept of the world in the culture and literature of the nations that are not part of the Euro center. The inherent vitality of the crossroads literature sounds strange against the background of late-twentieth-century literature.
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The study examines Captain Ahab – Herman Melville’s iconic figure from the novel Moby-Dick in comparison with Jack Torrance, who is the central male character in Stephen King’s The Shining. The analogy is motivated by the tragic nature and the madness of the two characters, which is related to their antagonism. The aim is to establish any references between the two characters with the idea to trace the characteristics of dark romanticism such as the progression of madness and human fallibility in the development of Jack Torrance. Several aspects of parallelization are proposed – the characters’ tragic features, the essence of their madness, and their function as fatherly figures. The analysis demonstrates some common features between Ahab and Torrance. Both of them can be associated with Shakespearean tragic heroes, even though the tragedy of Jack is not heroic, but domestic. Their stories take place in isolation from society, in a microworld, where they take a leading position, which can be interpreted as a representation of the negative father – the father that fails to protect his family. Although both of them are obsessive, the roots of their obsession are different. Captain Ahab’s monomania is driven by his thirst for revenge, while at the core of Jack’s madness is his alcohol addiction and his failure.
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The paper points out that the scientific research activity of university professors has a direct bearing on thevisibility, recognition and positioning of the university in important rankings. The article presents the codes of publishing ethics posted on the websites of two universities - Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, and Warsaw University, Poland. The origin of the texts of the codes is analysed. It is pointed out that both universities do not have specially developed texts concerning the ethical rules for scientific publications, but use texts created by foreign institutions. Most universities and higher education institutions publish a code of ethics, i.e. a system of ethical rules or standards, that applies to publications written by employees of that institution. The comparative analysis shows that the codes unambiguously reflect the institutional positions of the higher education institutions embodied in the standards used, the provisions in them harmonize with each other and set a common global framework of good practices in this part of scientific activity. The ethical standards of the two universities studied do not represent documents created explicitly and specifically for the purposes of the particular university, but are summarised from organisations external to them. This fact does not prevent their successful incorporation into the system of postulates of generally accepted standards. The main problem areas in scientific publications pointed out in codes of ethics deal with the so called classification "FFP" - fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and the problem of predatory journals.
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The paper discusses three innovative suggestions encouraging young philological researchers to publish their scientific contributions in humanities journals indexed in global databases. The first suggestion is related to the revival of the linguistic genre of the language note, which was widely used in scientific journals and mass media until 2000. This genre has a rich history in the Bulgarian scholarship and is closely associated with the language policy and the clarification of important linguistic issues in the form of short but meaningful texts that comment mainly on deviations from literary language norms or stylistic deficiencies in the media and the speech of public speakers. The second suggestion envisages a series of scientific conversations related to language and literature with prominent Bulgarian and foreign researchers. The recorded audio files will be an integral part of online platforms of contemporary publications. This will enable the preservation of interesting linguistic ideas and the 'voice' of established scholars for future reference. The third idea developed in this publication is to assign young researchers to develop speech portraits of public speakers and conduct "interviews" with them on topics related to current issues of the linguistic situation. In this way, the distance between academic linguists and public experts will be bridged. These ideas are presented as an opportunity to broaden the audience and enrich philological journals with columns in which secondary school teachers and their students can publish their observations.
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The aim of the paper is to present the author’s observations on the publication process of the Eastern European journals on Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences indexed in international databases. As this kind of publication is a relatively new practice in this part of Europe and a lot of researchers are not well prepared for how long-lasting and timeconsuming the publication process of the Scopus and Web of Science journals may be, the common steps are presented, starting with the specifics of the e-platforms used by most of the publishers. The importance of meeting the technical requirements of the particular journal is also discussed as well as the place and the role of the peer-review process in the whole procedure. The most frequent problems and challenges that editors and journals face when this step has to be completed are reported and the reasons for the current situation are presented. As peer reviewing is a crucial part of the publication process, it is analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the importance of the final editing and proofreading of the manuscript. Apart from all these phases of the publishing process in the prestigious journals, some other questions concerning the use of specific languages, the accessibility of the published work, and the evaluation of the academic achievements are discussed. The paper also addresses the importance of free access to resources and of the freedom to disseminate intellectual work.
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The present article follows the evolution of the approaches to the problem of authenticity, focusing on the various forms of literary authenticity reflected in modernist literary theory texts and manifestos. We will emphasize the differences and similarities between the conceptions, phenomena, and literary currents that refer to authenticity, trying to understand their causes and evolution. The subjects we will particularly draw attention to refer to the definition of authenticity throughout literary history, literary authenticity expressed within the literary currents of modernism, and the influence of philosophical conceptions concerning authenticity on modernist literature.
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The Latin language was the Lingua Franca of the ancient world, and the precursor of Romance languages. As such, it had a huge influence on European languages, and we can find elements of Latin both in English and in Serbian. In this paper, four Latinate verb prefixes with spatial and temporal meanings have been examined, and those are: trans-, re-, intra-, and post-, and their frequencies and productivities in both languages have been calculated. The analysis was made on the English corpus BNCweb, and the Serbian corpus srWaC, based on the hypothesis that these prefixes would be more frequent and productive in English, which was more exposed to Latin and Romance languages.
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Review of: Биљана Бабић и др. (2023) Зборник научних радова у част проф. др Мирку Скакићу. Бања Лука, Филолошки факултет.
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