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4.50 €

Teksty paralelne – pary przekładowe – słownik przekładowy: uwagi o projekcie „Dyplomacja i polityka. Rosyjsko-polska sonda słownikowa”

Author(s): Ewa Białek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The study focuses on three key issues: text as a source of translational pairs (source and target units), translational pair as a result of the work with text (establishing relations of equivalence between the units belonging to two languages and texts), a translation dictionary as an end product of work with text. The author shares her reflections on the methodology of the conducted research, briefly describes the idea of the project and kind of dictionary, enumerates its textual basis (among others, Russian and Polish texts from the official websites of the ministries of foreign affairs). She also reviews its merits and imperfections, such as difficulty in balancing the number of texts of the same genre or problems of retrieving collocations. One of the merits is, on the other hand, the opportunity to isolate the units typical for the diplomatic discourse. The article also pinpoints the necessity of conducting a test which would confirm the correlation of a potential head word with the domain.

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Grafika Google – możliwości i ograniczenia narzędzia jako źródła informacji dla leksykografów redagujących definicje słownikowe

Author(s): Ewa Kozioł-Chrzanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Google Images tool allows users to search images and combine them with given words. The aim of the paper is to present advantages and disadvantages of making use of the information gathered through the image analysis carried out by the lexicographers creating dictionary entries. The article presents selected types of definienda and definientia for which the Google Images tool is most useful; the possibility of searching images is helpful in making the definitions of rare words and meanings more precise, in distinguishing similar designata, choosing the genus proximum or examples comprised in the meaning of the given term as well as in providing useful information for preparing non-encyclopedic definitions. The analyzed examples lead to the conclusion that the Google Images tool may be a valuable addition to traditional text sources.

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Założenia ogólne badań gwarowych gniazd słowotwórczych. Źródła leksykograficzne (gwary małopolskie)

Author(s): Tomasz Kurdyła / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this article the author would like to convince the readers about the necessity of doing research into the Polish dialectal word formation nests (it would give a full description of dialect word formation model). He also presents the difficulties and restrictions of such research, mainly connected with setting the motivating relations and presenting them in nests. On the one hand, the above mentioned difficulties are decided by the peculiarity of the material (dialect vocabulary) and on the other, by the resource materials available e.g. dialect dictionaries. The usefulness of the Lesser Poland dialect lexicons for the nests research is presented in the second part of the article.

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Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian

Author(s): Veronika Lipp / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the article is to provide a concise description of the Great Hungarian Dictionary (A magyar nyelv nagyszótára). This dictionary is based on corpus data and createdis as a database in XML format. The article presents general characteristics lexicographic dictionary, source material used in its creation, search capabilities of the historical corpus and various types of entries used.

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Opis leksykograficzny feminatywum. (Nie)możliwości zobiektywizowania

Author(s): Agnieszka Małocha-Krupa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Dictionary of Polish Feminatives, which was published at the Department of Polish Philology, is the first lexicographical publication to exclusively capture feminatives, i.e. words vividly discussed in the public and scientific discourse, involved in diverse ideological and political disputes, evoking discussions among communicating entities, hence not easily subject to objective description. The author of the article, who is also the co-author of the dictionary, presents some of the assumptions of the lexicographic method that was used, including issues concerning the subject and the scope of the selected material and the mode of defining in the dictionary (without reference to generic masculinum). She also discusses some of the technical diffi cultiesthe lexical material posed.

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Wielki słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego w Internecie. Wybrane zagadnienia naukowe i techniczne

Author(s): Piotr Müldner-Nieckowski,Łukasz Müldner-Nieckowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The book edition of the Wielki słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego (The Great Dictionary of Polish Phraseology) was published in 2003. The dictionary contained c. 200,000 of the idiomatic units condensed in 38,000 entries. The article discusses some problems which arose in relation to the disappearance of the possibility of printing successive editions of the dictionary in Poland after 2005, which resulted in applying new lexicographical methods (including those for phraseology approach). A database of the dictionary was transferred to the Internet, creating an on-line dictionary for practical and research purposes. A Frazeologia.pl forum, on which authors corresponded with the users of the dictionary and other persons searching for phraseological information, including professional linguists, was started. In this way, for a few years they gathered information as for expectations of the users of the dictionary, both of its pedagogic, as well as scientific version. The dictionary was made available to Internet users in 2010 in the Frazeologia.pl service. Research and working part of dictionary is available only to its authors and partners. Creating the algorithm of searching the base posed a considerable problem on account of the discontinuity of phrases in the line of text, the inflection, the alternation and the suppletion, as it required putting together multi-word forms and their groups according to different criteria. In relation to the specificity of the phraseology, building the own corpus of collected quotations proved necessary photolexicographically (along with OCR), as well as drawing up automatic methods of the evaluation of the usefulness excerptions. The service of the database should enable bringing the dictionary up to date, comparing passwords according to selected parameters, allocating momentary bases at research targets, implementing new fields in records of concise individuals and filling them with contents (e.g. giving new parameters to the explication), creating definitional semantic counts, putting variants together, generating the code for different systems of publishing, as well as for dictionaries for different purposes.

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Norma a korpus w leksykografii historycznej na przykładzie Słownika łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce

Author(s): Krzysztof Nowak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the present paper we demonstrate how the linguistic norm is reflected in The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Polish Sources (Lexicon Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis Polonorum, henceforth LMILP). We illustrate how selected elements of lexicographical description might be improved by wider adoption of corpus analysis methods in historical lexicography. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the term norm: we show that one should distinguish between its extra- and intra-linguistic understanding. Next, we argue that the lexicographer may access the norm by analyzing corpus occurrences and that the frequencies retrieved from corpora reflect the actual language use. This relation, however, is less transparent as far as historical corpora are concerned. The main part of the paper comprises of a detailed analysis of the entries selected from the LMILP. We show how the dictionary presents collocational properties, frequency, and abnormal linguistic phenomena of the lexical units. We also discuss potential improvements that the corpus analysis might bring into it.

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Słownik Jana Józefa Baranowskiego w świetle jego korespondencji: między teorią a praktyką

Author(s): Mirosława Podhajecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper looks at the rich, and largely unexplored, correspondence of Jan Józef Baranowski, an insurgent in the November Uprising, a refugee in France and England, an accomplished inventor and the author of a two-volume bilingual dictionary (Anglo-Polish lexicon, 1883; Słownik polsko-angielski, 1884). Baranowski’s letters, primarily those addressed to Leonard Niedźwiedzki, allow one to investigate both his lexicographic conceptions and working methods. As it has turned out, the design of his dictionary was innovative, but Baranowski had experience neither in lexicography nor foreign language teaching. It is thus unsurprising that, despite his eff orts to promote the endeavour in the immigrant community and beyond, methodological flaws and idiosyncrasies signifi cantly decreased its attractiveness in the eyes of potential users.

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Neologizmy w socjolekcie studentów Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Analiza leksykograficzna

Author(s): Martyna Sabała / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses morphological neologisms that have appeared in the University of Warsaw students’ vocabulary. The research material was excerpted from the Dictionary of the University of Warsaw Student’s Language available online at www.studenckamowa.uw.edu.pl. The purpose of the research is to answer the question which linguistic structures are used by students for creating new words and in which semantic field they are the most numerous. All new structures, which are not noted in the Polish language dictionaries, were analysed.

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Prymat leksykograficznego egzemplum i jego konsekwencje dla hasła – na przykładzie Słownika nazw żeńskich polszczyzny

Author(s): Marta Śleziak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the importance of lexicographical examples used in a Dictionary of Polish Feminatives (2015). The Dictionary has only authentic examples, excerpted from literature, the Internet, former and contemporary press and ephemera. Quotes are the main part of each entry. This affects the structure of entries (unlike in other dictionaries, definitions are not the most important part of an entry), the structure of entry words (they sometimes consist of a number of variant forms), and pragmalinguistics (quotes are often a reflection of a general word-formation tendency of a given time).

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Co istnieje w słownikach… choć nie istnieje. Ogery współczesnej leksykografii

Author(s): Łukasz Szałkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

According to one important contemporary dictionary of foreign words a greenish creature named Shrek is oger, as a variant recorded in the entry ogr. Thus, in the work on „Good dictionary” (available at dobryslownik.pl) any type of entries or variants present in contemporary dictionaries, but absent in usus, are called ogers. Ogers are often prescribed from dictionary to dictionary (especially in the case of spelling dictionaries) and thus live their own life; ogers are, for example, czinczila (reportedly szynszyla), dżudysta (reportedly judoka), audiotelediota (reportedly participant of audiotele). In this article I try to show specific examples of the type of ogers in the dictionaries. These considerations also affected the issue of the relevance of the corpus research in lexicography.

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Gramatyka w słowniku języka bantu. Na przykładzie słownika suahili-polskiego

Author(s): Beata Wójtowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Dictionaries of such typologically distinct languages as Swahili and Polish and such non-commercial as Swahili face many challenges not encountered in other publications. Such dictionaries are rarely published and then rarely updated. Therefore, their authors often tend to insert a lot of information. In this paper, we present a new Swahili-Polish dictionary developed for learners of Swahili in Poland. We present its learner-oriented features and grammatical assumptions, which were undertaken to facilitate language acquisition.

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Zamet i harmonia. Profesor Aleksander Tyszynski

Author(s): Magdalena Rudkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to address a question who Aleksander Tyszyński – the lecturer of the history of Polish literature – was for the generation of Szkoła Główna (The Main School). His multidirectional impact on the generation of young Positivists, and especially on Piotr Chmielowski, cannot be overlooked. The article discusses the contributions of Post-Romantic threads to the formation of the young generation of Positivists. Tyszyński’s views did not fit within the grid of coordinates of the literature controversy of that time, but they cannot be described as anachronistic. Paradoxically, they announced the twilight of Polish Positivism – just at its inception, during a lecture at the Warsaw Main School.

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Świadomość metodologiczna profesorów Szkoły Głównej. O kilku prelekcjach wstępnych

Author(s): Urszula Kowalczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses selected introductory lectures of the Main School professors on the subject of teaching history of literature, as well as the „Introductory Lesson to Methodology and Academic Sciences Encyclopedia” by Józef Kazimierz Plebański, in which the subject matter and the teaching methods were definied. Therefore, it is possible to reconstruct the methodological awareness of the Main School lecturers as well as the process of forming history of literature as an academic science and the difficulties encountered during it. The article refers to the statements of Aleksander Tyszyński, Edward Siwiński, Adam Bełcikowski and Fryderyk Henryk Lewenstam.

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Autorytet profesora. Henryk Struve i jego uczniowie w świetle korespondencji

Author(s): Damian Włodzimierz Makuch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the relations between Henryk Struve and his disciples in the light of their largely unpublished correspondence. Among the participants of the lectures and seminars of this Warsaw academic, we find important figures belonging to several generations of Polish intelligentsia: Stanisław Brzozowski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Piotr Chmielowski, Ignacy Chrzanowski, Bronisław Grabowski, Antoni Lange or Zenon Przesmycki as well as less known persons such as Władysław Borowski, Wacław Chrzanowski and Gerard Uziebło. Bolesław Prus, Kazimierz Twardowski and Jerzy Żuławski can be also considered Struve’s disciples in view of their correspondence. The letters also demonstrate the relations that could be established between an academic and his students and, at the same time, testify what the authority of the Main School and the Imperial University of Warsaw professor meant and how it was maintained in the Polish society of the second half of the nineteenth century.

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Językoznawstwo w Szkole Głównej

Author(s): Magdalena Derwojedowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper outlines the short history of the Department of Philology and Humanities in the Main School in Warsaw. Despite ambitious principles, unsurmountable difficulties that organizers of the department encountered shaped actual courses. The paper also presents an outline of the curricula. Several professors who offered more advanced or just better-prepared courses are named, as well as the most eminent alumni who continued their academic career in linguistics, among them J.N. Baudouin de Courtenay and A.A. Kryński, who both were professors of the University of Warsaw at the time, and L. Malinowski, professor of Jagiellonian University.

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Szkoła Główna na łamach „Przegladu Tygodniowego”: 1866–1869

Author(s): Anna Janicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The autor discusses the influence of the Main School on the milieu of “Przeglad Tygodniowy”, a progressive journal of Warsaw positivistic intelligentsia. When the journal was established, nearly all its journalists and editors came from the intellectual circle of the Main School. The author describes how the lectures and scientific, and popularising activities of the Main School academics were reported in the journal from 1866 to 1869. On the one hand, the publicists of “Przegląd Tygodniowy” affirm all actions which are meant to advance the level of education and social knowledge. On the other hand, they are critical of the way academics convey knowledge – they see it as superficial, languid and often not adequate for modern, progressive times. As the autor emphasises, the first three years generate the most interest in the Main School’s activity; when the Russian authorities close the School in 1869, the interest wanes, even though the Main School experience remains the fundamental determiner of generation identity.

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Wydział Filologiczno-Historyczny Szkoły Głównej na kartach „Biblioteki Warszawskiej” (1862–1869)

Author(s): Marta M. Kacprzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the relations between the scientific and literary periodical „Biblioteka Warszawska” (”Warsaw Library”) and the Faculty of Philology and History of the Main School in Warsaw (1862–1869). The study shows what kind of information regarding researching, teaching and educational activities of the university was presented in the periodical and how the information was presented. The article recalls the general purposes of the journal and the university concerning Polish culture, education and science.

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Duch Szkoły Głównej, gdy Szkoły jeszcze nie było

Author(s): Ewa Ihnatowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

It was widely considered that between the closure of the Royal University of Warsaw and the opening of the Main School, the Russian partition was under intellectual and scientific marasmus. Nevertheless, the pharmaceutical community was convinced that the seventeen-year existence of the Pharmaceutical School allowed to preserve the academic continuity of Polish pharmacy. The expression of strong intellectual awareness of pharmacists was their professional innovation as well as scientific, social and patriotic activities in the Warsaw Pharmaceutical Society. Pharmacists regarded the Pharmaceutical School as a spiritual and scientific predecessor of the Main School. Henryk Klawe was a graduate of the Pharmaceutical School, an outstanding Warsaw pharmaceutical entrepreneur and co-founder of the Warsaw Pharmaceutical Society. He co-created the circle of the Main School.

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Ze Szkoły Głównej w świat – Dybowski, Rejchman, Wokulski

Author(s): Dawid Maria Osiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author discusses the question of Siberian experience as an important factor in understanding the identity of Polish patriotism and the significance of knowledge and research for the students, alumni and academic professors of the Main School. The author is interested in the records of Siberian experience in intellectual and fictional biographies, especially the reconstruction of personal and journalist records, memoirs, diaries, reportages, as well as scientific and popular scientific texts devoted to the images of Siberia as a space of scientific exploration and freedom that can provide cognitive benefits to the Polish migrants. In the article the author writes the profile of Benedykt Dybowski (1833–1930, a zoologist and adjunct-professor, the author of Pamietniki, Memoirs), Bronisław Rejchman (1848–1936, publicist, journalist, alumnus from the Main Scholl, the author of Z Dalekiego Wschodu. Wrażenia, obrazki, opisy z dobrowolnej podróży po Syberii, From the Far East. Impressions, Images, Descriptions of voluntary journey to Siberia) and Stanisław Wokulski (a student of the Main School, a fictional figure from the most known Polish novel written by Bolesław Prus Lalka, The Doll, 1890). The author sees the Main School as the institution which formed the Polish intelligentsia in Siberia and formed the intelligentsia’s ethos and the scientific ethos of Polish patriot-academic. The article discusses the importance of the shift in focus on Siberia as a place of martyrdom and trauma, towards the “unwritten page” to Siberia as a space of education, industrialization, and financial gain as well as a political, cultural, civilizational, and ethnogeographical enclave, but especially as a space which is helpful in understanding the value of knowledge and self-discipline of a political migrant.

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