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Słowniki polskiego języka migowego dostępne on-line. Krytyczna analiza leksykograficzna

Author(s): Karolina Ruta-Korytowska,Marta Wrześniewska-Pietrzak,Anna Wiśniewska-Jankowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article analyses four dictionaries of Polish Sign Language available on the Internet: 1. Multimedialny słownik języka migowego [‘Multimedial Sign Language Dictionary’], compiled as a part of the project Safe Citizens of the World of Silence (PZGSzczecin); 2. SpreadTheSign, an international dictionary of selected national languages (including Polish Sign Language PJM); 3. Polish Sign Language Dictionary, prepared as a part of the project migaj.eu; 4. The Polish Sign Language Corpus Dictionary, created by the Sign Language Linguistics Laboratory at the University of Warsaw. The items mentioned above have been analysed both in terms of the purpose they are supposed to serve and the differences between them at the level of their micro- and macrostructure.

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Makrostruktura słowników tematycznych a podział na pola znaczeniowe

Author(s): Elżbieta Sękowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the stages of creating thematic dictionaries starting from the first half of the 16th century to the 21st century. The author emphasizes the relationship between the macrostructure of dictionaries and both their functions and the division of concepts and/or methods of categorizing „reality”. The latter is reflected in the number and hierarchy of thematic groups. In Polish lexicography, thematic dictionaries were not popular, although European lexicography often used them. Metalexicography became the subject of reflection only at the beginning of the 21st century at the time when the work on the Great Dictionary of Polish and the conceptual system in the Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish began.

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Bóg musi być kulą. Czy przykłady użycia w internetowym słowniku języka polskiego mogą być: interesujące – zabawne – kontrowersyjne?

Author(s): Łukasz Szałkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The editor of an online dictionary (where the lexicographer is not limited by the amount of space) can give full- or even multi-sentence usage examples. He can also assume that he only records authentic examples. In order to encourage the user to look into them, he can add one more assumption: let these examples be interesting, let them bring additional knowledge, be funny, intriguing, maybe even controversial. Such assumptions, adopted in the work on the popular science “Good dictionary” (available at dobryslownik.pl), give rise to many additional issues and problems. In the article, the author focuses on three issues: 1. how an usage example can convey additional knowledge (in particular, supplement the defi nition), 2. why a funny example is better than some other, 3. should we avoid recording characteristic usage examples, in which it is mentioned that, for example, (in italics, words-dictionary entries) „renault driven by a drunk driver collided …”, that „mother drowned the baby in Dobczyn”, that „Gwóźdź was sentenced to life imprisonment”, etc.

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Leksykografia a komparatystyka

Author(s): Ewa Szczęsna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject matter of the article is a presentation of relationships between lexicography and comparative studies. While crossing the boundaries of texts, disciplines, discourses is the essence of comparative research, the delimitation and defining the boundaries of words and theirs collections is the task of lexicography. The article shows the mutual relevance of both areas (and ways of thinking) despite these differences. The confrontation and the comparison are necessary components of the research of the lexicographic. In turn, comparative studies, are based on what is defined, and crossing some boundaries, establishes the following. The article shows the cooperation between both ways of thinking in practice, and stresses the role of digital technologies in the creation of new forms of glossaries.

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Słowo i znak

Author(s): Andrzej Bogusławski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author claims that the word sign is not idiomatically applicable to linguistic expressions (apart from certain technical terms such as diacritic signs). Therefore, in the framework of postulated natural language idiomaticity of terminology, the following interrelations are to be considered incorrect: 1. identity of range of ‘linguistic expressions’ and ‘signs’, 2. inclusion of the latter in the former, 3. inclusion of the former in the latter, 4. intersection of the former and the latter. The correct relationship between the former and the latter is that of disjunction. On the other hand, there is a kind of analytic entailment between signs as the antecedent and linguistic expressions as a consequent: this is the fact that any idiomatic sign unilaterally involves the use of some linguistic expressions whereby the sign is introduced without the reverse of it being valid. In this perspective, any attempt at finding a generalization covering signs and linguistic expressions as placed on an equal footing, especially when the role of “common denominator” is assigned to ‘sign’, leads to absurdities (in particular, to a destructive infinite regress). The author closes his article with a commentary on the history of views concerning“ signs” and their possible scopes as envisaged by different scholars.

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Na marginesie semiotyki kultury: problemy tzw. nauk kulturoznawczych

Author(s): Robert Boroch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article aims at introducing proposals of solutions to methodological issues of the socalled cultural studies (or in a broader meaning: the so-called humanities). The promising perspective for the so-called cultural studies can be a reversal towards cultural semiotics; still, this requires further terminological and conceptual specifi cations. The article discussed key terms, concepts, and processes connected with understanding the culture and giving signifi cance to beings, who are or exist. The issue, which is of special significance in relation to culture semiotics, is functioning and the role of L1 and L2 languages (J. Lotman’s concept); a proper comprehension of idea of lower-order language-system and higher-order language-system, as well as L1 and L2 functioning mechanisms, and, especially, substituting mechanisms, is essential to grasp assumptions of culture semiotics from the presented broader perspective.

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Fairy tales and ideology

Author(s): Anna Fornalczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different ways in which traditional fairy tales are modified in order to inculcate a particular world view in children. Fairy tales, handed down from one generation to another, are a specific genre which originated in the oral folk tradition. Tales collected and edited by the Brothers Grimm, Charles Perrault, Hans Christian Andersen and others in the 19th century gave rise to a canon of fairy tales intended for children and facilitating their civilizing process, familiarizing them with specific religious, cultural and social values. Classical, folk fairy tales were gradually modified and adjusted to be consistent with dominant ideologies. In this paper, different ideologies and their influence on fairy tales are discussed, using examples both from book and from film. Also, some interesting shifts of focus could be noticed in different translations of the tales.

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Semiotyczne aspekty we współczesnej frazeologii

Author(s): Małgorzata Guławska-Gawkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article describes semiotic aspects of modern phraseology research. According to linguists Burger or Grzybek, phraseology is a secondary semiotic system, in which phrasems are regarded as second-order signs unlike pre-existent first-order signs. While the word system doesn’t go with phraseology, the concept of idioms as second-order signs seems to be interesting, which is examplified in this article. The modern phraseology research from the semiotic perspective is unthinkable whithout taking cultural knowledge into account. In this article, selected examples demonstrate that the following kinds of cultural phenomena underlie phrasems: intertextual phenomena, fictive conceptual domains, cultural symbols, aspects of material culture, social behaviours. Secondary signs connect more deeply with cultural phenomena than primary signs. Therefore, phraseology research from the perspective of the cultures semiotic is the future of the modern phraseology in diff erent languages.

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“Ballad of a Soldier” and its folktale elements

Author(s): Alina Israeli / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An analysis of this classic film demonstrates that the underlying idea of the protagonist’s trip is the same as the quest of Ivan the Fool in Russian folktales, that is the initiation of a hero. As in folktales, the protagonist encounters many obstacles and performs feats in order to achieve his manhood, which is manifested in finding and defending his love at the end of the road. His nature and character is also that of Ivan the Fool: a peasant son of a widow, he performs good deeds without asking to be thanked, while at the same time not asking for anything in return or for himself, which constantly encounters everyone’s laughter.

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Iconic update

Author(s): Katja Jasinskaja / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper presents an idea of how the notion of iconicity, in particular, temporal iconicity in narrative discourse, can be made explicit in a formal semantic framework, such as the DRT. It argues for a distinction between two discourse update modes: (a) non-iconic update, which characterises the standard way utterances are interpreted; and (b) iconic update, which mimes the process of direct perception. Iconic update plays a central role in the account of reportive and historical present, as well as the temporal progression in past tense narrative. The proposed approach reconstructs the basic predictions of previous accounts of these phenomena, and allows for extensions to new empirical domains that go beyond temporality.

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Невербальная семиотика и театр

Author(s): Grigorij Krejdlin / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fruitfulness of decifration of cultural non-verbal codes both in everyday life and in theater is beyond all doubts. However, such a decifration is a complicated scientific task, since it is the national style of thinking and national culture that lie behind body signs. The paper addresses some applications of non-verbal semiotics, whose subject is culture specific body languages and non-verbal models of body behavior, to various domains of culture, in the first place to theater and dance.

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Syntactics, the third component of a linguistic sign

Author(s): Igor Aleksandrowicz Mel'čuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the notion of linguistic sign. The Saussurean concept of sign is presented, followed by the discussion of the missing “third component”: syntactics, or the data on sign’s combinatorics, which is of utmost importance for linguistic signs. The notion of linguistic sign within Meaning-Text approach is introduced, with several linguistic examples illustrating a linguistic sign’s components.

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Нулевые знаки как средство суггестии

Author(s): Józefina Piątkowska-Brzezińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In this paper non-prototypical, non-salient meanings of zero-signs are studied. The discussion focuses on cases where a syntactic zero could be recovered not due to its opposition to some explicit form, but due to other, rarely, if ever considered circumstances. The subject matter of the paper is Marina Tsvetaeva’s lyrics. In order to conduct pragmatic analysis of the poet’s “maximal exploitation of grammatical and syntactic ellipses” (Karlinsky 1966: 132), modern studies of zero verbs due to B. Wiemer and M. Haspelmath are taken into consideration. The analysis will reveal that the arrangement of zero-signs can acquire suggestive and iconic function, mirroring the movement of the poem from utmost implicitness to more overtness.

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Повествование в гоголевской «Шинели»: разрушенная синтактика

Author(s): Gennadij Zeldowicz,Ekaterina Blizniuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

It is shown how prototypical modes of relating text fragments to each other are eroded in Gogol’s story – in particular, how the thematic-rhematic structure of sentences is deformed, expected anaphoric links are interrupted, anti-narrative effects arise in those portions of the text which most certainly should be of narrative nature. The conclusion is that erosion of syntagmatic relations is characteristic of Gogol’s text as a whole.

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Etymologia w Wielkim słowniku języka polskiego PAN

Author(s): Przemysław Dębowiak,Jadwiga Waniakowa,Bogumił Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article offers an insight into etymological information provided in the Polish Academy of Sciences Great Dictionary of Polish. The dictionary and the rules of elaborating the entries, which influence the way of working on etymology in the dictionary, are shortly presented. The main part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the field “origin” and the etymological information which is given in one-word entries. The principles of elaborating this information in the dictionary are presented in detail and illustrated with examples. Moreover, some problems, such as the question of borrowings, calques and semantic motivation, are discussed in the paper.

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RE-RESEARCH.PL: naprzeciw współczesnym wyzwaniom archeologii językowej

Author(s): Filip Graliński,Daniel Dzienisiewicz,Piotr Wierzchoń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the website re-research.pl, a project run by researchers from the Institute of Linguistics and the Laboratory of Information Systems at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. The idea behind the blog is to publish daily posts on a varied range of topics. The content is mostly concerned with linguistics, however, the authors publish posts on e.g. IT, folklore and history as well. The website is presented as a medium popularizing corpus linguistics, a dialogue platform for linguists and an open-access point of reference for future dictionaries.

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Odkrywka, czyli leksykografia diachroniczna live

Author(s): Filip Graliński,Piotr Wierzchoń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the experimental search and analysis engine Odkrywka, a project run by researchers from the Institute of Linguistics and the Laboratory of Information Systems at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. The origin of the project and its current status is presented, and it is compared and contracted with Google and Google Books search engines. Odkrywka makes it possible to combine diachronic data extracted automatically with manual work of a lexicographer.

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Dawne i współczesne słowniki języków świata. Thesaurus polyglottus (1603), Linguarum totius orbis vocabularia comparativa (1786–89) i Wikisłownik

Author(s): Anna Grzeszak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to compare three polyglot dictionaries that comprise the material of as many languages as possible. The 17th century Thesaurus polyglottus covers about 400 tongues, the dictionary of Catherine II embraces the vocabulary of more than 200 languages, and the present-day Wiktionary offers information about words and phrases of at least 3000 languages. The focus is on what has changed in the way of presenting the equivalence between words and expressions in different languages in the dictionaries of this type.

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Metody rejestrowania jednostek w słownikach gestów – stan obecny i propozycje

Author(s): Celina Heliasz-Nowosielska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to methods of delimitating and recording units in dictionaries of gestures. I analyzed and compared the contents of eight different dictionaries of gestures, created in the 20th and 21st century: Jarząbek (1994, 2016), Morris (1994), Bäuml, Bäuml (1997), Grigor’ev, Grigor’eva, Krejdlin (2001), Ružičkova (2001), Rusko (2008), Lynn (2011). Also, I presented two new projects of research on gestures, the effect of which could be corpora and dictionaries of gestures. These projects were announced in articles: Szczepaniak, Piekot (2009), and Heliasz (2013), Heliasz-Nowosielska (2016, 2016a, 2016b), Heliasz-Nowosielska, Wójcicka (2016).

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The Dictionary Portal LexIt

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article is about the integrated LexIt web portal containingin formation from several sources: dictionaries and language databases. LexIt enablesaccess to all integrated resources and provide information on slogans, word forms, grammatical categories, spelling rules, the meaning of words, examples of use, synonyms, antonyms, neologisms, relationships phraseological and other. The search result displays complete information of all integrated resources in which the search word appears, with outredirection to external internet resources.

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