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ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО СЧЕТОВОДСТВО В БЪЛГАРИЯ – А СЕГА НАКЪДЕ?

ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО СЧЕТОВОДСТВО В БЪЛГАРИЯ – А СЕГА НАКЪДЕ?

Author(s): Eleonora Petrova Stancheva-Todorova,Iliyana Ankova Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: IX/2016

This article outlines few approaches for changes in the curricula of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in accounting at Bulgarian universities as well as changes in the content of accounting disciplines. The study focuses on some good international practices reviewed in the context of our environment and traditions. Special attention is thrown upon the significant role of professional accounting bodies. Based on the experience of countries with well-developed accounting education, some problems and possibilities for their solution are examined.

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„EFEKT UKĄSZENIA WĘŻA” JAKO PRZYCZYNA OBJAŚNIANIA ANOMALII W DZIAŁANIU INWESTORÓW. PRZEGLĄD BADAŃ

„EFEKT UKĄSZENIA WĘŻA” JAKO PRZYCZYNA OBJAŚNIANIA ANOMALII W DZIAŁANIU INWESTORÓW. PRZEGLĄD BADAŃ

Author(s): Anna Przyszewska,Anna Przytuła,Mateusz Szymański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

This article examines research of the „snake bite effect” as one of the irrational behaviors occurring on the capital market. The presented considerations are based on the literature on behavioral finance, although the present publications devote little interest to this subject. In the article there are elaborated the scientific experiments which show only signs of behavior defined as „snake bite effect” because it is often omitted in more serious studies or it is indirectly presented with regards to other aspects of behavioral finance. This article confirms the existence of „snake bite effect” and emphasizes its influence on investorsʼ decisions

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PROCES JAKO NOŚNIK KOSZTÓW W ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING

PROCES JAKO NOŚNIK KOSZTÓW W ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING

Author(s): Monika Stachura,Karolina Zielińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

The purpose of the essay is to determine the response of the accounting changes that have occurred in the cost account in the second half of the twentieth century. It presents the factors that caused these changes, and consequently forced entrepreneurs to search for innovative solutions. One of the methods which meets the need of entrepreneurs associated with the orientation process is Activity-Based Costing. Therefore, this essay has hypothesis that the process is cost driver in the Activity-Based Costing. In essay is presented the history and conception of Activity-Based Costing. Moreover, it shows steps of the identification of processes and advantages and disadvantages of involving this model. This essay allows to look at the problem of Activity-Based Costing in wider view, and proves that real cost driver in that model is process.

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TARGET COSTING W ZARZĄDZANIU PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWEM

TARGET COSTING W ZARZĄDZANIU PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWEM

Author(s): Justyna Piotrowska,Anna Topolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

Target Costing enables companies to maintain and strengthen its position in a changing business environment. The conditions of company operating system determine the change of approach to the cost management. It gave the impact to abandon the methods of costs calculation and replaced them by the cost management. Target Costing is not only a tool used in Management Accounting, but also is used for the production costs reduction within the product life cycle. There is a difference in recognition of Target Costing depending on the companies approach. First of all, the areas of company business structure should be assessed in order to achieve satisfactory results of applying of Target Costing. Benefits are generated through the application of Target Costing by using an integrated capabilities of company’s development system.

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IDENTIFIKOVANJE FAKTORA UTICAJA NA PERFORMANSE PRIVATIZOVANIH PREDUZEĆA

IDENTIFIKOVANJE FAKTORA UTICAJA NA PERFORMANSE PRIVATIZOVANIH PREDUZEĆA

Author(s): Ljiljana Kontić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

Over the last twenty years during the privatization programs the role of state owned firms has been significantly reduced. The main proposition is that privatization has positive effects on corporate performance and governance. The summary of the relevant studies results revealed that concentrated foreign ownership leads to better post privatization performance as well as improving restructuring. In the most firms change of management has been occurred and layoffs as well. In order to identify factors which determinate increasing performance during the post-privatization period, multi-theoretic approach by incorporating elements of agency theory, resource-based theory and institutional theory has been adopted. The agency theory explains the impact on firm performance of various ownership categories. Introducing the social and regulatory context in influencing organizational structure and firm behavior after privatization is the main contribution of the institutional theory. According to the resource-based theory, a firm’s competitive advantage is based on the possession of tangible and intangible resources which are valuable, rare, inimitable, and unsubstitutable. Different owners will bring different resources and organizational capabilities. Internal factors that will increase performances are changes in firm goal, strategy, structure and culture. All these change will be initiating by transformational leader.

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PRONEVJERE U BIJELIM KNJIGAMA (krađe i prevare kroz papire)

PRONEVJERE U BIJELIM KNJIGAMA (krađe i prevare kroz papire)

Author(s): Simeun D. V. Vilendečić,Jovo S. Vilendečić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2014

Incorrect presentation of data in accounting reports represents conscious or unconscious manipulation in accounting records. Manipulation with accounting data has become a practice in small, as well as big companies. To make matters more difficult, it is skilfully „packed“ into legal regulations, creating an image of law-abiding company. One of ways to combat those frauds and manipulations is development of forensic accounting. In that activity, education has a special role. Forensic accounting is specific area that should equip personnel with multidisciplinary capacities. In most of transition countries, where fraud in financial reporting is highly present, proper significance is not granted to this area. Such is the case in BH also.

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Dragan Vukasović i Slobodan P. Pešević„ Osnove računovodstva.

Dragan Vukasović i Slobodan P. Pešević„ Osnove računovodstva.

Author(s): Ivan Milojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

Review of: Dragan Vukasović i Slobodan P. Pešević„ Osnove računovodstva. Nezavisni univerzitet Banja Luka, 2014.

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IT KAO KLJUČNA KOMPONENTA SAVREMENE ORGANIZACIONE STRUKTURE PREDUZEĆA

IT KAO KLJUČNA KOMPONENTA SAVREMENE ORGANIZACIONE STRUKTURE PREDUZEĆA

Author(s): Mihajlo Travar,Mirjana Stojanović Trivanović,Nebojša Kuduz / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2014

Technological revolution in the development of telecommunications and computers, opened new avenues of simpler and more efficient communications. Creating alliance of financial, computer, broadcasting and telecommunications companies in the creation of new organization, have led to the global information economy, and the key role it played is the internet. Today, for policy development of one country challenges are how to provide Internet service in every part of the country's territory, and as a key issue arises to have ability to access new information technologies and global networks. The free market and the need to adapt to the new conditions of the world market info-communications services, demanded new positioning of all businesses in the region. In this sense, the company's new business policy completely redefined its mission, which is the shortest can be defined as: "Provision of services / production of goods of high quality to meet customer requirements and to allow easy entry of economy and individuals into information society, ensuring the company's performance in benefit of shareholders and employees. Redefined mission points to a strategic change in business operations and development of company in moving from infrastructure-oriented to the user-oriented service platform. Application of information technology and marketing are areas that are key to the success of the companies. In order to ensure the successful management of the company, effectively solve user requirements and relationships with other companies and equipment suppliers, it is necessary to have a strong information technology system and automate all business processes. The organizational structure is determined also by the way in which organization use information, and how we handle information. In the environment where the future is full of uncertainty, every business decision is based on knowledge of future events. For successful operation and development, an organization must have adequate communication with all the systems in its domain, and acquire information that will allow not only timely find out the actual changes in this area in order to be able to adapt, but also anticipate future changes in the domain that would actively direct their own development and functioning in a dynamic environment. It should be emphasized that the in the age of information technology, organizational intellectual property (knowledge, information, ...) is more important than its tangible assets. Organizations will be successful if they invest enough in intellectual resources, and if properly manage them. Today, almost no one company will not encounter one organizational form, i.e. one kind of organizational structure, that will be implemented throughout the depth of the organizational pyramid. No universally acceptable form of organization, because it depends on external factors that belong to the environment of the organization, the technology and information processing in the organization, and other factors. Modern organizational models directing enterprises towards decentralized, flexible, and innovative organization. What is common to all organizational models, the general tendency of all enterprises in the direction of democratization of organization.

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OPTIMIZACIJA ZALIHA ZA VIŠE PROIZVODA

OPTIMIZACIJA ZALIHA ZA VIŠE PROIZVODA

Author(s): Branka Marković,Marinko Markić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2014

The aim of optimizing stock in companies using models of inventories is to provide as much help to determine the optimal stock. In the contemporary problems of generating income stocks are increasingly important. Inventories, no matter the place emerged in the production cycle can lead to velihig financial savings. How measure management stocks? (updating inventory). What are the basic expenses in inventory management and what you should do to make production profitable with continuous reduction of inventories? To answer all of these questions, it is necessary to specify the categories that can help us determine the optimal ratio of cost of sales. This problem occurs in two ways: as a problem of raw materials as well as the problem of finished products. Due to the nature of the problem it is not possible to formulate a general model of inventories to cover all possible cases. Methodological aspects of inventory optimization is given in the form of a large number of models, each of which addresses specific issues related to inventory optimization. The general formulation of the problem can be expressed as follows: to determine the extent of the stock so that the corresponding costs are minimal. In this paper we will consider only one model for optimizing inventory.

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UPRAVLJAČKO RAČUNOVODSTVO U FUNKCIJI POVEĆANJA PRODUKTIVNOSTI PREDUZEĆA U RESTRUKTURIRANJU

UPRAVLJAČKO RAČUNOVODSTVO U FUNKCIJI POVEĆANJA PRODUKTIVNOSTI PREDUZEĆA U RESTRUKTURIRANJU

Author(s): Dragan L. Vukasović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2014

In Serbia under the Law on Privatization the process of restructuring preceded the privatization. It is for revitalize the company. The procedure occurs in many different grades. There are different forms of restructuring, depending on the problems that the company faces. We handle an economic component, which has a primary importance for revitalization companies in restructuring and that the productivity of labor. Management accounting is a key function in any company that has a detailed analysis, provide key guidance to increase productivity. Restructuring is the general term for a variety of activities which have one goal and that is to increase the competitive advantage in the global marketplace. Whether the company will achieve its target to depend of the success of the process restructuring. A large number of activities that can be subsumed under the notion of restructuring is one of the reasons that there is no generally accepted definition of restructuring. The fact is that domestic companies in restructuring must put emphasis on increasing productivity as the primary economic component in the service of enter on the global market.

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FAKTORI KOJI DOVODE DO PADA POSLOVNE AKTIVNOSTI PREDUZEĆA

FAKTORI KOJI DOVODE DO PADA POSLOVNE AKTIVNOSTI PREDUZEĆA

Author(s): Slobodan Pešević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2013

No analysis of the factors that led to the fall of business there is no successful rehabilitation. Crisis sheds light on companies from all angles, especially addressing the causes and symptoms. If you know of thinking caused the crisis nor remediation measures will be rolled. It used to be dealt with once the causes and symptoms of the crisis, though it is hard, very often, to distinguish between causes and symptoms. Factors contributing to the decline of business activities of the company are both external and internal, and the same choose the future course of rehabilitation. Internal causes of the crisis are usually the main "culprits" for the poor performance of the company. The literature considers the global relationship between the number of internal and external causes of the crisis in the company 2-1 in favor of internal causes with us, due to certain specifics of this relationship would be in favor of external factors.

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UPRAVLJANJEM KAMATNIM RIZIKOM POSLOVNE BANKE

UPRAVLJANJEM KAMATNIM RIZIKOM POSLOVNE BANKE

Author(s): Vojislav Škrbić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2013

One of the key aspects of managing assets and liabilities of a bank is credit risk management. In the situation where interest rates fluctuate on the market there occur constant changes in the banks’ profit and expenditures, which has its repercussions on the economic value of their assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions. Regardless of the kinds of interest rates that appear on the market, the principal task of bank management is to achieve all the greater net interest margin with an acceptable credit risk. Four main sources of interest rate risks for business banks have been determined in the modern practice: repricing risk, return risk, principal risk and option risk.

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ZNAČAJ ANALIZE ANGAŽOVANIH SREDSTAVA PREDUZEĆA U RESTRUKTURIRANJU

ZNAČAJ ANALIZE ANGAŽOVANIH SREDSTAVA PREDUZEĆA U RESTRUKTURIRANJU

Author(s): Dragan L. Vukasović,Željko Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2013

The process of restructuring has been crucial for the company in transition economies were opening and turning the economy to the global market found itself in serious trouble. The process of restructuring must provide competitive ability in the global market for company. The extent to which the restructuring actually achieve mentioned goal will depend mostly on the ability of managers to implement the restructuring process, the quality of their analysis of the current situation in the company and the vision of development in the near future. In the company, management analysing involved assets, and than they come up with an answer to the questions about related to the total volume of assets involved in the business. They need to examine the structure of the commitment of funds by the forms in which it is expressed. It is necessary to bear in mind the different dynamical state involved assets during the year. This conditions is take as a monthly review of assets by type of engagement.

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DRUŠTVENI MEDIJI U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA ODNOSIMA SA POTROŠAČIMA U POSLOVANJU BANAKA

DRUŠTVENI MEDIJI U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA ODNOSIMA SA POTROŠAČIMA U POSLOVANJU BANAKA

Author(s): Verica Bulović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2013

Considered the social dynamics is increasingly adhering to the logic of networking while its conceptualisation will become the key for better understanding how economy functions. Social media is a relatively new type of direct communication media that has attracted a interest of global population. This paper discusses a potential use of social media and communication technologies in banks in order to establish relationships with widest range of bank clients. A survey conducted among 32 banks in Republic Serbia, 18 banks in BIH and 10 banks in Republika Srpska has shown that social media as a mean of direct communication with banking clients is not so popular.

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PREUZIMANJE RIZIKA I POSLOVA OSIGURANJA U REOSIGURANJU

PREUZIMANJE RIZIKA I POSLOVA OSIGURANJA U REOSIGURANJU

Author(s): Željko Vojinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2013

Insurance companies in its operations meet the various risks that they indicate the need to seek safety. Taking a risk from clients is a threat for insurance companies in addition threaten them and other risks such as operational risk, investment, compliance with legislation and other risks. Insurers also are looking for safety and found them in solidarity and cohesion, solidarity and sharing risk among themselves through a system of reinsurance. Reinsurance its origin and persistence due to the fact that no one insurance company can not or does not want to alone carry all the risks which took over. Also, none of the national insurance market does not retain all taken risks, than they are partially transferred to the global reinsurance market. In other words, reinsurance as an instrument of additional risk diversification is an unavoidable need of every insurance company and an important part of each of the insurance market. Insurance company are reinsured by one reinsurer, and this reinsurer passed on, not one, but dozens of reinsurers - each only a few percent or even parts per thousand of risk. This significantly reduces the so-called liquidity risk of insurers ie risk that reinsurer will not be financially able to pay a great damage because the risk is not on one, but on dozens of reinsurers. Insurers whose portfolios are exposed to catastrophic events such as storms, floods, fires and earthquakes, have a strong need for reinsurance coverage by larger and stronger, economically powerful reinsurance companies or hauses.

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UPRAVLJANJE PROMJENAMA I RAZVOJ SAVREMENE TRGOVINE

UPRAVLJANJE PROMJENAMA I RAZVOJ SAVREMENE TRGOVINE

Author(s): Slobodan Župljanin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2013

The end of the XX and beginning of the XXI century are characterized by strong and dynamic changes in all spheres of society development, both on national as well as on global level. The frequency and intensity of the changes are of such character that the modern technologies can hardly follow them, and moreover they cannot find adequate answers to the challenges that they bring. The development of modern trade in conditions of general stagnation of economic development is closely related to the changes that come from the global environment. Generally accepted view is that the changes are crucial "reason and cause" of the success of modern trade. The key question is whether the modern trade is able to absorb the impacts brought by global economic and financial crisis and whether it can become a generator of development in other economic sectors. In this paper, based on the scientific method, we will elaborate on which changes and in which way they have influenced the creation of successful modern trade, in order to determine the possibility of change management through a creation of appropriate development strategies of modern trade.

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NOVATIVNOST I INOVACIJE KAO EKONOMSKA OBELEŢJA RAZVOJA PREDUZEĆA U NAREDNOM PERIODU

NOVATIVNOST I INOVACIJE KAO EKONOMSKA OBELEŢJA RAZVOJA PREDUZEĆA U NAREDNOM PERIODU

Author(s): Dejan Gligović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2015

Innovation and innovative companies that are committed to the achievement of a better market position and therefore higher profits are characteristics of largely successful companies in the turbulent world market. Among other things, innovation in solving problems involves continual improvement of our business through the generations of new ideas and practical ways of doing things in order to solve the problem and gain competitive advantage. Innovative companies are required makers of modern politics because of their undeniable importance in the development and provision of business activities and their impact on improving environmental protection and risk reduction in the distortion of climate change. Innovation does not only represent a new technology or new products, but it also implies new and smarter ways of doing business, new management, new business systems or new services. As a result of the interaction of innovation and globalism, the concept of innovation management and innovation systems developed in response to increasing demands for competitive advantage of innovation processes in a form of growing importance and unquestionable influence of relevant external factors.

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LIKVIDNOST KAO RAZVOJNA KOMPONENTA U SEZONSKIM VARIJACIJAMA FINANSIJSKIH TOKOVA

LIKVIDNOST KAO RAZVOJNA KOMPONENTA U SEZONSKIM VARIJACIJAMA FINANSIJSKIH TOKOVA

Author(s): Dragan L. Vukasović,Srećko Novaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2015

Synchronicity of cash flows, receiving and issuing cash conditions liquidity as the development component of the company. If to receive cashfrom operations is more consistentwith the dynamics ofthe expenditurefor financial obligations, than aproblemfor liquidityis relativelysmall. If theflows ofincome and expenditureoccur in a largertime gap, therisk ofinsolvencyincreasesmore. This riskiseliminatedbytrying tomaintainconstantcash balances, which serve the same purposeas any otherstocks:to absorbthe deficitcaused byunevencashreceiptstothe continuityissueand necessaryfundsto meet liabilitiesandmake them possible. Establishingand keepingthat balanceas well astheseasonal variationof financial flows in the service of developmentis a specificproblemof financial management, given thatitis directlyconflictingprinciplesof liquidity and profitability. Underestimatingthe requiredcash balancesthreatensits continuityor the possibility ofsettlement of liabilities, which isthe essence ofthe principle ofliquidity. The overestimationof thebalancedirectlythreatens the company's development andprofitability, because the cash atbankdoes not provideanyor verylittle income. Missedincomefromalternative usesof unemployed cash is the opportunity costof holding unemployed cash.

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САНАЦИЈА КАО МОДЕЛ ИЗЛАСКА ПРЕДУЗЕЋА ИЗ КРИЗЕ

САНАЦИЈА КАО МОДЕЛ ИЗЛАСКА ПРЕДУЗЕЋА ИЗ КРИЗЕ

Author(s): Slobodan Pešević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2015

The word ‗rehabilitation‘ is of Latin origin (Sanatio) meaning treatment; nevertheless from the standpoint of company‘s economy rehabilitation is considered to be economic, technical and organizational measures that need to contribute to the recovery of the company, meaning that it once again becomes liquid and profitable. The company is considered sick if it is unable to meet its obligations and operates with a loss for a longer period of time. The causes of the disease can be external and internal. Financial difficulties, which are manifested in the lack of liquidity and unprofitability, cause the need for rehabilitation. Start of rehabilitation suggests the eligibility of rehabilitation, which exists if permanent recovery of the company is possible. Determining eligibility of rehabilitation involves testing and selection of measures whose implementation provides a permanent recovery of the company, in terms of reestablishing of financial balance and returning to the profit zone. If permanent recovery of the company is not possible, bankruptcy happens. There is a difference between rehabilitation in one and rehabilitation in another sense. The first one, economic rehabilitation (rehabilitation in the broad sense) covers all measures that contribute to the detection and elimination of the causes of loss and ensure permanent recovery of the company. The second, financial rehabilitation (rehabilitation in the narrow sense) is directed to write off the loss and the establishment of financial balance.

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85 ГОДИНИ ПО-КЪСНО. ЕДИН ПОГЛЕД КЪМ СПИСАНИЕТО НА ИНСТИТУТА НА ЗАКЛЕТИТЕ ЕКСПЕРТ-СЧЕТОВОДИТЕЛИ ПРЕЗ 1940 г.

85 ГОДИНИ ПО-КЪСНО. ЕДИН ПОГЛЕД КЪМ СПИСАНИЕТО НА ИНСТИТУТА НА ЗАКЛЕТИТЕ ЕКСПЕРТ-СЧЕТОВОДИТЕЛИ ПРЕЗ 1940 г.

Author(s): Emil Evlogiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The paper reviews the contents of the Journal of the Institute of Sworn Chartered Accountants in 1940 and compares issues relevant to that period with those currently facing the ICPA.

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