RAZGOVOR S NIKLASOM LUHMANNOM NA FAKULTETU POLITIČKIH NAUKA U ZAGREBU
Interview with Niklas Luhmann by Zvonko Posavec
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Interview with Niklas Luhmann by Zvonko Posavec
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The author tries to analyze the method of Heidegger's early philosophy, that is, Heidegger's phenomenological-hermeneutical method. This subject is accessed bearing in mind Heidegger's understanding of one of the key concepts of phenomenology in general – the notion of intentionality – on the basis of which Heidegger himself builds his own understanding of phenomenology. The analysis of the notion of intentionality begins with Heidegger's insights from History of the Concept of Time and ends with an analysis of the implementation of the concept of intentionality in Heidegger's Being and Time. Afterwards, the autor focuses Heidegger's notions of understanding and hermeneutics and points out the necessity of the hermeneutical aspect of Heidegger's method.
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The mythological aspects of a man`s "project" are observed in the article. It is stressed that the moral self-comprehension is based on "phronesis" which has rather intuitive than rational nature.
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Analysing works by Y.L. Shwarts, the author explores the soviet laugh-culture resistance to totalitarian practices. Y. Shwarts’ dramaturgy is interpreted as the secularized Christian "phenomenology" of evil, which pointed out the spiritual base of all kinds of the totalitarism.
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This article presents the analysis of cultural issues time-space in Ukrainian traditional folk culture. They describe time-space unity of primitive culture of modernity, is embedded in the Ukrainian folk tale. Dividing of fairy-tales is given into basic arrays. The world view and spiritual bases stopped up in this scientific object are investigated. The signs of time and space of the invented fantastic world and real continuum go into detail.
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This article presents the analysis of cultural issues time-space in Ukrainian traditional folk culture. They describe time-space unity of primitive culture of modernity, is embedded in the Ukrainian folk tale. Addresses the issue of ethno-cultural identity. As a specific aspect of the analysis offered of syzygial methodology and phenomenology, with the effective use of which are organized into a coherent whole past, present, future.
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“But above all, we are the seeds: and we make ready to throw ourselves out of ourselves and into something else, something much higher, something that carries the name of spring… To be inside the phenomena, always inside them: to be seed and always to lean upon your own earth.– from Nichita Stănescu, “A unsprezecea elegie” (Stănescu 1977: 97). After outlining how putting phenomenological methods into practice can help to foster an attitude conducive to cultural transformation, I consider both mainstream and alternative ways in which the sense, “food”, is constituted and present some parallels between the constitution of the “physicalistic thing” and the constitution of the “commodity”, concluding with some remarks on the importance of a phenomenological retrieval of situated lived experience.
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We discuss mythological consciousness in this paper. We briefly review the already well-known studies and theories that interpret mythology in a narrow scientific approach and therefore confuse different layers of experience. These theories are problematic. They are based on unconsidered assumptions of contemporary thinking that reject mythology as such and transforms it into the object of “instrumental” consciousness. First, mythology is thrown into the fairy-tale kingdom, then it is separated from its viable dimension, and ultimately, its vitality is reduced to the subjective world of man. As a result, mythological experience not only loses its foundation but also loses universality. There is no doubt that the layers of mythology and the living world are closely linked. To reveal their specific properties, and especially their different concepts of timespace and motion, one must analyze these layers individually. We will show that the integration of these two worlds - vitality and mythology - is one-sided. The polarity of vitality is the fundamental and the polarity of the mythological is second covers the entire cosmos and integrates everything that is viable. We will see that the concept of vitality relates not only to vital relationships but also on the modern metaphysics of will, in which, according to all the texts of modernity and postmodernity, everything is determined by force. By opening up the issue of sound phenomenology, we will show that in exploring the mythological language, we should study the sound layer separately, and that was unnoticed in the studies of most of mythologists.
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This paper presents an attempt to describe Józef Tischner’s philosophy of drama from the point of view of Larry Laudan’s philosophy of science. That is achieved with the help of the concept of Philosophical Research Traditions developed in the paper. A certain conceptual problem of Tischner’s philosophy, and some future research topics are also presented.
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In the article explores aesthetical as a type of spirituality in the relation to the reflection of aesthetics as a theoretical system.
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The article describes one of the tasks of legal theory that is designated by an idea of legal positivism. It focuses on the question concerning the cognition of the essence or nature of law in the context of two positivistic theses: the thesis about the separation of law and morality and the thesis about the social sources of law. The author analyzes this issue with methods that are developed in the phenomenology of law, treating this conceptualization as complementary to the methods of analytical jurisprudence.
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The article is devoted to the phenomenology as a modern direction of the problem of person’s perception. Merleu-Ponti’s phenomenology is based on paradigm of personal knowledge and subjectivity, and emphasizes the importance of human’s body in context of the perception and interpretation the world.
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This article is an investigation that concern of information and informational society. The change of informational balance correlation drawn the change of consciousness, made possible the dependence of fast-flowing events that can’t be reached by the person all the time.
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In the natural attitude, and in the ordinary language, religion is strictly bound to transcendence. In this paper I ask whether the concept of “transcendence” is legitimate in the phenomenological dimension, which is opened by the methodological operation of reduction to the immanence of transcendental consciousness. By examining how “transcendence” gains increasingly importance in Husserl’s thought, the necessity emerges to distinguish three levels of it: intentional (or horizontal) transcendence, intersubjective transcendence and transcendence as “superposition” (or trans-horizontal transcendence). Such distinction allows to rethink the sense, the possibilities and the limits of phenomenology of religion.
More...The I Can and its Limits
This article compares the concept of the living body (or “flesh”) in Edmund Husserl’s Ideas II with that of the French phenomenologist Michel Henry. It locates in their descriptions of the I Can a basic difference in the way they understand the roles that impressionality, affectivity, and perception play in the phenomenological method. It then examines Henry’s concept of “auto-affection” and argues that the “strong” and “weak” senses of auto-affection must be understood in terms of what Henry, following Kierkegaard, calls the “dialectic of pathos.” Henry finally distinguishes three degrees of passivity—of sensibility with regard to the world, of flesh with regard to itself, and of flesh with regard to incarnation. In the shift from the second to the third, we see a shift from a concept of givenness to a concept of “givenness from above.” It is here that the article locates the presence of a “transcendence” in Henry’s work, which in turn helps to clarify how he understands the boundary between phenomenology and theology.
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Fact and fiction are entities of literary work and expressions of the mental states of the creative subject which have or do not have referential relationships with the real empirical world. Fact and fiction are identity categories of literary genres. But the question arises, is it possible that genre definitions can be realized only by determining the categorical identity of fact and fiction separated from each other, in the context of modern and postmodern literary culture, which is characterized by the various literary genres syncretism? In the identity determinations of fact and fiction as not only literary but also as cognitive entities, do they implicate certain cultures, or are they independent of them? In our work we will treat the fact and the fiction, through phenomenology, not as a narrow theoretical field of literary study but as a stream and philosophical method, in the field of resources that construct their reality and in the field of the effects they exert on receiver.The fact and the fiction will be treated in two directions:a) in their interdependence with the worldview structures of an era or culture, andb) in the plan of epistemic literary reality, as subjective expression of the mental states of the perceiving and receiving subject.
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Identifying the perceptions of the pre-service teachers about the constructivist approach is significant in that they will employ this approach in their future profession. The reason is that planning and delivering the courses based on the constructivist approach depends on the pre-service teacher’s knowledge of, attitude towards and perceptions about this approach. In this sense, the aim of this study is to identify the perceptions of the prospective classroom teachers about the constructive theory in the light of phenomonographical approach. Phenomonography is commonly used in educational studies and is an empirical approach which aims at identifying qualitatively the different ways in the experience, conceptualization, perception and understanding of people concerning various incidents. The participants of the study are 127 prospective teachers attending the third and fourth grade of the department of classroom teaching at the faculty of education at Afyon Kocatepe University. The data of the study were collected using the word-association test. The data obtained were analyzed through the phenomenological method. The findings showed that the perceptions of the prospective classroom teachers about the constructive theory are categorized under seven themes, namely theoretical bases of constructivism, program in constructivist theory, teacher in constructivist theory, students in constructivist theory, classroom environment in constructivist theory, sources in constructivist theory, and misconceptions about constructivist theory. In addition, their perceptions were categorized under sub-dimensions of each theme mentioned above.
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The article is devoted to the phenomenology as a modern direction of the problem of person’s perception and the interpretation of its internal experience. Phenomenology is represented as the study, which identify phenomena through how they are perceived by the actors in situation. Epistemologically, phenomenological approaches are based in paradigm of personal knowledge and subjectivity, and emphasizes the importance of personal perspective and interpretation.
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The author considers a possibility of application of the esoteric knowledge about phenomenological sphere in the field of humanities sciences, and offers an optimal structure of person’s mentality and creative process.
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Entering the discussion about European Aesthetic traditions, their aspirations and achievements, their metamorphosis and developments, author argues in favor of acknowledging the importance of what in her opinion should be seen as milestone in Polish tradition of aesthetics. One such important element of European Aesthetic tradition that author wishes to acknowledge is the phenomenological aesthetics developed by Roman Ingarden (1893-1970) in the 30-ties and especially two concepts which best show lasting power of Ingraden’s contributions. Author describes the concept of aesthetic experience used by Ingarden in his lectures on aesthetics (Ingarden, 1958-70) and its persuasive application to the field of music and literature. She suggests that its meaning deserves to be further explained and appreciated. It is argued that contemporary cognitive theories of aesthetic experience come very close to what Ingarden discovered and outlined in this writings without ever acknowledging preceding examples of complex approaches to aesthetics experience. Author suggests that one more concept from Ingarden’s aesthetics should be appreciated. It is the concept of aesthetic encounter between author, performer and the listener/recipient (spotkanie) that Ingarden tried to introduce as the important category for aesthetic research. These concepts where meant to be discussed and researched across different areas. Underling the differences and developments within European aesthetics in the last century author stresses the achievements and aspirations of axiologically orientated aesthetic theory of Ingarden and purports to affirm its lasting contribution to the European tradition.
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