Avrupa'da Türkler: Din ve Entegrasyon
Review of: Nurullah Haydar YURDUSEVEN - Yakup ÇOŞTU, İngiltere’deki Türk-Müslüman Göçmenler; Dini Organizasyonlar, Lider Matbaacılık, Çorum, 2013, 200s. (ISBN: 978-60562249-1-1)
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Review of: Nurullah Haydar YURDUSEVEN - Yakup ÇOŞTU, İngiltere’deki Türk-Müslüman Göçmenler; Dini Organizasyonlar, Lider Matbaacılık, Çorum, 2013, 200s. (ISBN: 978-60562249-1-1)
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All around the world, the gypsies, who continue their existence as nomadic ethnic communities, attracted more and more attention from the end of the 13th century when they began to record their history. The first reflections of this socio-cultural group, which goes the boundaries of traditional lifestyle, in Russian literature occured in the 1740s. Before the romantic period, the search for what is ideal outside the civilized society, in nature itself, as well as the intense interest in the hidden and the passionate, changed people's views concerning gypsies; and after that period, gypsies became one of the focal points of artistic activities. From the second half of the 18th century, the gypsy people, living in a highly independent and unregistered way, began to take their place as main heroes in many Russian works. The most important example in the lyrical style in the 19th century, which is the golden age of Russian literature, is Alexander Pushkin’s poem Gypsies (Цыганы). The fact that Pushkin spent a couple of weeks in 1822 among nomadic gypsies and fell in love with a gypsy girl made the artist interested in this subject. Pushkin’s impressions and experiences, the characters he created, motifs and cliches he used found repercussions both in Russian and European literature; and thus, the interest in the theme of the gypsies has gradually increased in the following generations of authors. After Pushkin, in the 20th century Russian literature, the most prominent example of this interest in the gypsies is Maksim Gorky's short story, “Makar Chudra”. The story concerns a passionate love between two youths who sacrificed their love and eventually their lives. Although both authors are concerned with the lifestyle of gypsie and find a common ground with the murders committed because of the conflict between love and freedom, Pushkin, in his poem, interprets the story of the mysterious gypsies, whose origins have always been a subject of scrutiny, in a more poetic way under the influence of the prevailing romanticism in the period. The gypsies in Maksim Gorky's “Makar Chudra” differs in some aspects with the effect of the realist movement prevailing in the 20th century. In this study, the prominent gypsy characters, who never hold their freedom down, are examined with respect to both the way they are dealt with in the works and to the perspectives of the authors. At the same time, it is aimed through a text-based examination, to reveal how the theme of murder committed for absolute freedom threatened by love turned into an accepted ritual in the gypsy lifestyle.
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Introduction: Illegal migration is a modern phenomenon that affects most European Union countries. Slovak Republic has become the country of transit or the final destination for nations coming from the Third World countries. There are different ways to cross the state border between Slovakia and Ukraine, and the transit to the destination takes place in inhospitable and health threatening conditions. Core of the work: Illegal migrants, after crossing the state border, have restricted personal rights and are subsequently escorted to the nearest border section. In the case of an asylum application, migrants are placed in the Humenne Rescue Camp, otherwise they are escorted to the Secovice Police Department. All people who come into contact with illegal migrants who have been admitted to the detention camp, are subjected to health measures. Conclusion: Scientific research is currently taking place in the Secovice Police Department, in the form of screening examinations aimed at the epidemiological monitoring of potential infectious diseases, in migrants illegally crossing the Schengen border of Slovakia. We assume that the research will be a benefit for the Department of Social Work.
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The review of: Andrej Studen, Neprilagojeni in nevarni. Podoba in status Ciganov v preteklosti. Ljubljana: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, 2015, 242 str.
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As one of Syria’s neighbors, Turkey has become a refuge for more than 3.5 million forced Syrian migrants. Though many of them are living in Turkey’s border cities, in or around the refugee camps, many others have already dispersed to other cities. Among these cities, Istanbul has the largest Syrian community. Drawing on a qualitative field work in Istanbul’s neighborhoods, this study explores the Syrian migration to Istanbul and reports the attitudes towards this movement of the local neighborhood and village headmen, known as muhtars in the Turkish local administrative system. As the study shows, their attitudes towards forced Syrian migrants are paradoxical, marked both by feelings of disturbance, worry and uneasiness, and at the same time welcome and support.
More...A szlovákiai magyar pártok választási eredményeinek elemzése, 1990–2016
The Hungarian parties in Czechoslovakia and those after 1992 in Slovakia have been operating under democratic political conditions for nearly 30 years now. There are nine parliamentary, eight local, five county and three European parliamentary elections behind them, but let us not leave out the presidential elections and referenda either. In my paper I was seeking answer to two questions: what is the current condition of the Hungarian electoral stratum and to what extent is the political representation capable to fulfill the role of the voters´ representation at parliamentary level.
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Regarding the ethnic and political composition of the Hungarian voters in Slovakia, I am not fully convinced that they are predominantly right-wingers, as the author regards it. However, this does not substantially detract from the value of the study, and so I consider most of its findings and conclusions for correct.
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László Gyurovszky has attempted to calculate two important data. One of them is the total number of Hungarian voters (the size of the electoral basis), the other is the ethnic composition of the Most–Híd party´s electorate. Regarding the future, two scenarios can be envisaged: in the hope of final victory, the two parties (Most–Híd and MKP) will mutually exhaust each other, or a constrained reconciliation will take place.
More...Kárpátalja nyelvi tájképéből
Csernicskó István: Fények és árnyak. Kárpátalja nyelvi tájképéből. Ungvár, Autdor-Shark, 2019, 240 p. In spite of its deep scientific foundation, the book encourages reading, and, apart from the linguists, it may well be of interest for historians and non-expert readers too.
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Global citizenship is persistent in the realm of education in the US, as well as in the 21st century, as global issues must be included within the requirements of the dimensions of global citizenship in high school curriculum. This paper describes the results from the Global Citizenship Survey to assess the extent of American high school students’ perception of global citizenship. A total 110 students completed measures and 34 students answered open-ended questions regarding global citizenship in spring 2017. The results of this study indicated the importance of global citizenship to raise cultural awareness and a deeper sense of cultural empathy, responsibilities of global issues, and imperatives to become a global citizen for diverse societies. This study offers the components of global citizenship that must be included in the high school curriculum and identifies the need for teachers to cover global issues in the their classes that would encourage and enable students to be open-minded and appreciative of each culture for its differences in today’s globalized world. Additionally, because the world is changing, schools should prepare students to think critically about global issues using an inquiry-based curriculum.
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Review of: DUBAYOVÁ, T., KOCHOVÁ, H.: Mentor ako facilitátor školskej úspešnosti žiakov z rómskeho etnika na strednej škole. Prešov: Roma Education Fund, 2016. 107 s. ISBN 978-80-972434-7-0.
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This paper, through the novel of Black woman novelist Ann Petry, aims to clarify the social and psychological impacts of the period in which the Blacks were pointed as a target for racist discriminations. In this study, we tried to show the survival of a black heroine against all the injustices and tortures towards her and her portrayal in respect with psycho-social perspectives together with the partiality of Ann Petry as a black person. Ann Petry tries to display the identity problem in American community by portraying a character who is a victim of racist behaviors just because of her skin color.
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The problems with political and socio-religious life have arisen in Adjara, the historical community of Georgia, since the late Middle Ages. The internal development of culture has further deteriorated during the rule of Russians and Communist atheism, when the ideological machine became active, claiming that allegedly „the Adjarian is not Georgian“. This situation could not replace those socio-psychological factors, which ensured the development in accordance with national-ethnic sign. This is also confirmed by discovered ethnographic material on Georgian traditional holidays full of numerous rituals („Kvirikoba“, „Lazaria“, „New Year“, „Shuamtoba“, „Chkvanaroba“, „Kvishinaroba“, „Mareteloba“, „Chalaoba“) (using the comparative method, we apply to the realities reflecting the regularities of the self-consciousness function and ethnic feelings in everyday life and social relations of returnees settled in Ianeti).
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For centuries Central and Eastern Europe has been the scene of frequent changes of borders and numerous ethnic conflicts. Contemporary ethnic diversity of this region is much smaller, however, the growing nationalisms of the various societies, mutual mistrust, and the temptation of politicians to use ethnic issues in the regional geopolitical competition pose a real threat to the stability and peace in Central and Eastern Europe. The dynamic political, legal, social and economic changes which have been taking place in this part of Europe for three decades now, which overlay its clear civilization division into the Latin and the Byzantine parts and are intensified by historical animosities, must have had an impact on the situation and the perception of minorities. In contrast to Western Europe, the contemporary ethnic diversity of Central and Eastern Europe is primary the consequence of various, often centuries-old historical processes (settlement actions, voluntary and forced migrations, border changes, the political and economic expansion of particular countries), and in the ethnic structure especially dominate the indigenous groups, migrants, particularly from the outside of the European cultural circle, are of marginal importance. Moreover, national minorities are usually concentrated in the border regions of countries, often in close proximity to their home countries, becoming – often against their will – element of the internal and foreign policies of neighbouring countries. The main aims of the article are to explain the threats to peace arising from the attempts to use minorities in inter-state relations and regional geopolitics as well as engaging minority groups into ethnic and political conflicts (autonomy of regions, secession attempts) and still the very large role of history (especially negative, tragic events) in the shaping of contemporary interethnic relations in Central and Eastern Europe. However, the varied ethnic structure typical for this region does not have to be a conflict factor, on the contrary – it can become a permanent element of the identity and cultural heritage of each country.
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Conflict is a phenomenon common to all human societies, where individuals and groups engage in regular interactions and inter-relationships. The competing nature of human needs and expectations do give rise to disagreements and conflicts in the realization of these contending needs especially in a multi-ethnic society. Lagos as a converging point of different cultures and traditions in the 16th century, exhibit the characteristics of a multi-ethnic society with its attendant crises and inter group conflict. Differences in the source of migrations, ethnic identity, cultures and traditions of groups making up the component parts of the multi-faceted entity called ‘Eko’ (Lagos) gave rise to disagreements and conflictive relationships among the three main earliest settlers i.e. the Awori, Ijebu and Ogu peoples of Lagos. The scarcity of available resources in addition to its ownership and allocation are sources of conflict among Lagosians.
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We study the effect of residential segregation by race on wellbeing. Wellbeing is measured as self-reported happiness (subjective wellbeing). Segregation is measured at three levels of aggregation. We use the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System containing information about over 125 metropolitan areas and over 125,000 people living there, and measure segregation using exposure/isolation index based on census data at the metropolitan level. The second dataset, 1978-2012 General Social Surveys surveyed respondents about race at the block level. Third dataset, the Quality of American Life surveyed respondents about race at the neighborhood level. There are conflicting theories about the effect of segregation on wellbeing, but we know surprisingly little about the actual net effect. Sociologists tend to assume, without testing, that segregation has a negative effect because it is associated with concentrated poverty, exclusion, lack of opportunity, and crime. The negative effect is argued for minorities, and especially blacks. Our results, however, are consistent across all racial groups. We find that whites, blacks, and Hispanics are happier among their own race than among other races.
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The paper presents the results of an analysis of cultural-civilizational structure of Ukrainian ethnic picture of world and the differentiation of the images of Poland and the Poles. The main trends in Polish-Ukrainian relations, which arouse interest in the Ukrainian media discourse, were distinguished. The author conducts a typology of main statements by Ukrainian politicians, journalists and Internet users on the principle of adherence to various kinds of civilizational values, highlighting the following behavioral patterns in the Ukrainian ethno-cultural worldview: Tribalism, Turanism, Byzantinism and Latinism (Europeanism).
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The article presents the analysis of dynamics of ethnic relations in a small commune near Opole. At the background of the relations are social processes launched by the expansion of the Opole Power Plant. In line with previous studies on the impact of large industrial investments on the local communities and the work on inter-ethnical relations in the studied municipality, I presumed that the current expansion may affect mutual intergroup relations, because they remain tense from at least the end of the Second World War. Although for more than ten years there has been a significant progress in building a sense of local community. This process has now been disturbed not only by the expansion of the power plant, but also by the imposed change of the municipality’s borders, as a result of which the power plant is no longer within the limits of the municipality.
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Dr. Sebestyén Mátyás: Ahogy én láttam..., szerk.: Rokolya Zoltán, záró tanulmány: Makkai Béla, Közjegyzői Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 2016, 86 p
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The paper analyses and evaluates the activities currently undertaken by the EU institutions and member states in the area of migration and asylum. Domestic and foreign scientific papers and press materials, reports of international organizations dealing with migration and refugees, and statistical data from the Eurostat, Frontex, and International Organization for Migration databases were used for the research. Has Europe in fact become besieged (by migrants), becoming “Fortress Europe”, or has the so-called “Open Door Policy” towards the refugees and migrants coming to Europe from the Middle East and North Africa succeeded? How did the EU institutions and member states react to the crisis?
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