“Minör Sinema” Olarak “Duvara Karşı”

Author(s): Süleyman Kıvanç Türkgeldi / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Deleuze ve Guattari, Franz Kafka üzerine yaptıkları incelemede “minör edebiyat nedir?” sorusuna “minör edebiyat, minör bir dilin edebiyatı değil, daha ziyade bir azınlığın majör dilde yaptığı edebiyattır; ama temel özelliği, dilin güçlü yersizyurtsuzlaşma katsayısından her koşulda etkilenmiş olmasıdır”(2015: 45) şeklinde cevap verir. Majör sözcüğü köken olarak büyük, temel ve önemli gibi anlamlara gelirken, minör sözcüğünün küçük olan gibi anlamlara geldiğini söyleyebiliriz (Nişanyan: 2016). Bu noktada felsefi açıdan bakıldığında minör kavramının neden önemli olduğunu postmodern düşünce bağlamında görmek önem arz eder. Batı düşüncesinin 20. Yüzyıla kadar genel anlamda bir “aşkınsallık” temelinde şekillendiğini söyleyebiliyoruz.

“Moving Us Beyond Formulas”: An Interview with Craig S. Womack

Author(s): Marija Knežević,Craig S. Womack / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2011

“Moving Us Beyond Formulas”: An Interview with Craig S. Womack by Marija Knežević

“Nematerijalno” kulturno nasleđe kao instrument pomirenja i rešavanja kulturnih konflikata

Author(s): Jelena Ćuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

This paper advances the thesis that cultural heritage, hand in hand with cultural identity, is a value-neutral term and that it therefore expresses a great potential as a tool of conflict resolution and an instrument of cultural-political reconciliation. The paper analyses the suitability of UNESCO system of protection of intangible cultural heritage as an adequate framework for positive instrumentalisation.

“Okus doma”: integracija azilanata protkana transnacionalnim procesima i promicanjem kulinarskih tradicija

Author(s): Marijeta Rajković Iveta,Rahela Jurković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 28/2016

Integration of immigrants in the EU member states is one of the key social issues today. The aim of this paper is to show on the Taste of Home collective case study the attempts at socio-economic, cultural and interactive integration of refugees and seekers of international protection into Croatian society and how successful (or not) they are. The research is based on ethnological and cultural-anthropological qualitative methodology: on interviews with asylees and asylum seekers, on participant observation in cooking workshops and at food presentations and on media discourse analysis. In addition to integration process that proved exceptionally important for asylees and asylum seekers, the authors show to what extent participation, i.e. preparation of food in the Taste of Home enables refugees to exist in a transnational field. Finally they point to two completely opposite ways in which Croatian citizens accept asylees involved in this initiative (from friendliness to distance), other asylees, protection seekers and refugees in Croatia in general.

“Old” vs. “new” minorities – an identity-based approach to the distinction between autochthonous and immigrant minorities

Author(s): Katharina Crepaz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The present paper argues that the distinction between “old” and “new” minorities cannot only be rights-based, but also has a strong identity and “national narrative” component: Even though autochthonous minorities are still subject to discrimination, in most countries with effective protection schemes they have become part of the larger concept of an “in-group” with the rest of the citizens, and been accepted into the daily identity of the country, while immigrants are regarded as an “out-group”. This picture of “them” is strengthened further by a primarily security-based outlook on migration, as will be illustrated through the case of the Roma.

“ON THE BORDER OF TWO WORLDS”

Author(s): Zsuzsa Szarvas / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2003

The paper investigates the symbolical and real borders in the areas of contact between the Jews of the Hungarian countryside and the peasants between the two world wars. The symbolical borders are created principally by differences in mentality. These are the borders which for the most part and inherently separate. Tradition, culture, religion, way of life, in many cases the language, and the minority or majority status all separate. Most of these raise an insuperable barrier between the two social groups although – as we shall see – there are cases when some of these borders can be crossed. In contrast, economic interests and the need for social contacts generally make the Jewish and peasant communities dependent on each other, and here the borders also open up more often.

“Poor Naked Wretches”: The Wound of the Ordinary in Agee and Warren

Author(s): Joseph Kuhn / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

The pastoral figure of the small farmer in the writings of the Nashville Agrarians and other southern modernists gave expression to a conservative metaphysics of the soil, one that underpinned the unitary, organic notion of “the South” in the interwar decades. This agrarian figure of the “harvester” was subsequently criticised by two southern radicals, James Agee in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941) and Robert Penn Warren in “Blackberry Winter” (1946). Both Agee’s cotton tenants and Warren’s tramp show how any southern poetics of the earth had to take account of the intrusion of economic depression and world war into the region. Agee’s work is particularly incisive and close to the European avant-garde in that he envisages the ruined agricultural families of Alabama through a perspective close to Georges Bataille’s sociology of the sacred and Maurice Blanchot’s theory of the inoperative community.

“Roma” labelling, identity politics and EU-integration: the case of Montenegro

Author(s): Sofia Zahova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The article makes an overview of the groups labelled as Gypsy/Roma and the minority policies related to Roma in present day Montenegro, and discusses how – in view of the processes in the region and in the course of the state’s EU-integration – the top-down approach of adopting definitions centred on the terms “Roma and Egyptians” and “Roma” have influenced the state politics of identity regarding sup- porting and promoting new identities, as well as reinforcing the label “Roma” and “Romani” for all communities considered of common (Gypsy/Roma) origin. Further on, the impact of the EU-integration discourse on legislation and setting up Romani and Egyptian organizations is discussed within the public policies sector. Finally, I discuss initiatives and resources for publishing in Romani language in a country where a great part of the groups considered being of Romani origin speak another language as a mother tongue. My main argument is that the minority protection EU-conditionality and the special focus on the rights of the Roma, have led to an “import” of Roma issues for “solving”, along with copy-pasting of activities that supposedly aim to flag Romani identity and language even though neither Romani identity nor Romani language are characteristic for all communities labelled as “Roma”.

“Taste of Home”: Integration of Asylees Intertwined with Transnational Processes and the Promotion of Culinary Traditions (Translation)

Author(s): Marijeta Rajković Iveta,Rahela Jurković / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2016

Integracija imigranata u države Europske unije danas je jedno od ključnih društvenih pitanja. Cilj je rada na studiji slučaja kolektiva Okus doma prikazati pokušaje i (ne)uspješnost socioekonomske, kulturne i interakcijske integracije izbjeglica i tražitelja međunarodne zaštite u hrvatsko društvo. Istraživanje se temelji na etnološkoj i kulturnoantropološkoj kvalitativnoj metodologiji: na intervjuima s azilantima i tražiteljima azila, sudjelovanju s promatranjem na radionicama kuhanja i promocijama hrane, te analizi medijskog diskursa. Osim integracijskog procesa koji se pokazao iznimno bitnim za azilante i tražitelje azila, autorice pokazuju koliko participacija odnosno pripremanje hrane u Okusu doma izbjeglicama omogućuje bivanje u transnacionalnom polju. Na kraju upućuju na dva sasvim suprotna načina prihvaćanja hrvatskih građana azilanata uključenih u ovu inicijativu (od dobrodošlice do distancije), drugih azilanata, tražitelja zaštite i, općenito, imigranata u Hrvatskoj.

“The Fear of Small Numbers”? (Re)constructing Identities of American and European Muslims

Author(s): Izabela Handzlik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“The more things change the more they stay the same”: Decision-making in Zimbabwean transnational families

Author(s): Admire Chereni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Whereas studies have documented socio-cultural changes connected to migration dynamics, there is a dearth of knowledge about decision-making in transnational families. This article seeks to understand transformations in decision-making in six Zimbabwean transnational families. This is done by examining qualitative data generated through semi-structured interviews with members of the migrant families. While accentuating the need for more research on interpersonal processes in transnational families, the article illustrates that shifts in gender roles may occur alongside gender-normative behaviours that maintain women in subordinate decision-making roles.

“There is no Nation without History, There is no Family without a Family Tree” - On Sibe Ethnic Nationalist Aspirations through the Example of a “Family Tree Unification” Story

Author(s): Ildikó Gyöngyvér Sárközi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The 1949 rise to power of the Chinese Communist Party (Zhongguo Gongchandang 中国共产党) was the beginning of a new era in China: the declaration of the People’s Republic of China (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo 中华人民共和国) was the first step on the “socialist road” leading to the creation of the long-coveted Chinese national unity. However, progress on the “socialist road” has posed many challenges for the ethnic minorities living within China’s borders. Mostly because melting into the Chinese national unity – paradoxically – became a symbol of the autonomy of ethnic minorities. In the spirit of this process, the ethnic nationalist aspirations of the Sibe (Chin. xibo zu 锡伯族; Sib. sibe uksura ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡠᡣᠰᡠᠷᠠ), the ethnic minority I studied, unfolded alongside the writing of Chinese national history. In my work, I follow these endeavors from the 1950s until recent times. At the center is a story that is seemingly about the knowledge base of Sibe ancestors, the family trees, and beyond that, about the “reunification” of a clan that was torn apart in 1764 by thousands of miles. But, in fact, it formulates much more than that: the idea of political martyrdom by the Sibe in the interest of creating the Chinese national unity. It is through this story that I wish to provide an insight into how Chinese national unity was created.

“They’re Saying That to Us?”

The Unspeakable Racism of Spanish Gadjo Feminism

Author(s): Sarah Werner Boada / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The Spanish state advertises itself internationally as a leading example of “Roma inclusion” and takes particular pride in its policy towards women from the Kalé minority, the main Romani group in Spain. This is reflected in a carefully deployed political communication that centres on the trope of the “empowered Gypsy woman” who will soon reach emancipation thanks to state-funded programmes. On the ground, however, Kalé women’s persistent social marginalisation is imputed on them, while antigypsyism remains unaddressed by institutions.This paper investigates the discursive strategies mobilised by institutional actors in order to rule out discussions on racism. Based on eight months of ethnographic observations as well as semi-structured interviews with professionals in Madrid, I argue that this occurs through a translation of feminist agendas,particularly on intimate partner violence (IPV), into discourses that stigmatise Kalé “culture” as intrinsically patriarchal while promoting a gadjo (non-Romani) norm. This phenomenon, which I refer to as “gadjo feminism,” manifests itself within the justice system, where professionals disproportionately resortto culturalist representations of IPV in Kalé communities, and also within NGO-piloted empowerment programmes for Kalé women which rely upon racial hierarchies while systematically dismissing women’s experiences of institutional racism.

“Things are changing under the skin of England” : Representation of immigrant encounters in Hanif Kureishi’s ‘Borderline’

Author(s): Yağmur Demir / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper analyses Hanif Kureishi’s lesser known play Borderline (1981). In this work, written under the influence of 1980 Southall Riots, Kureishi addresses the problems of immigrants living in England and depicts how the idea of Englishness is challenged by the immigrants who are engaged in racist politics, suffer from identity crisis, and strive to gain a sense of belonging. Both first-generation and second-generation immigrants who are unable to feel the sense of belonging in the host land (England) are depicted as occupying in-between spaces. A portrait of an immigrant Pakistani family, each member of which goes through different stages of adjusting themselves to the society they have joined is presented along with other immigrant characters in the play. To fight with the injustice and racial abuse, a group of second-generation immigrants establish an organisation called Asian Youth Movement. Although it is implied that England and English people are not ready yet to embrace other cultures, immigrants, especially second-generation immigrants, endeavour to make England “habitable.” In the play, Pakistani immigrants are portrayed as subject to certain changes during the integration process, which in the long-term will have permanent effects on English national identity, culture and society. This paper aims to display how immigrants (despite being considered a threat) try to overcome the difficulties they face in the host land, and in the meantime inevitably make a change in the English culture.

“This Is How I Abandoned School and Began Selling Sunflower Seeds”. Work Experiences, Living Conditions, and Relations to Formal Education of Roma Families in a Romanian Town

Author(s): Zsuzsa Plainer / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2017

The aim of this paper is to apply accounts of cultural ecological theory (coined by John U. Ogbu and others) to a case study of a Roma family in Romania whose child is a low achiever in the local school and is at great risk of dropping out. As the following sections demonstrate, cultural ecological theory can highlight the epistemological and empirical strengths of the anthropological account by exploring school inequalities in the case of socially marginalised and ethno-racially stigmatized groups. Cultural ecological theory claims that individual values and practices referring to school and education are shaped by the broader social and cultural framework of a community and linked to different types of inequalities and disadvantages typical of this community. The mismatch between the local Roma family and the educational unit, presented in the final section, reflects how experiences with schooling, the labour market, and the forced removal of locals lead to a vicious circle and are responsible for transmitting educational inequalities from one generation to another.

“Türk Dünyası Birliği” Algısı

Author(s): Erdal Bay,Akmatali Alimbekov,Mustafa Mete,Eyüp Cücük,Erhan Yokuş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2017

The aim of this research is to reveal the perceptions of Turks about Turkish World and Turkish World Union living in independent Turkish states, Turkish societies living as minority and self-governed Turkish societies. For this purpose, descriptive scanning model was used in the research. The research group is composed of 415 academicians selected with Criterion Sampling and Convenience Sampling which are among the purposive sampling methods. “Turkish World Perception Questionnaire” including 20 open and closed-ended questions developed by the researchers in order to measure the perceptions of the participants about Turkish World Union was used as data collection. The questionnaire prepared in “Google Forms” was sent to the participants via e-mail. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis methods via SPSS 20 package program and frequency and percentages were calculated. As a result of the research it has seen that the participants perceived Turkish World concept as “the root of common Turkish civilization”; Turkish World citizenship concept as “consciousness of being able to act in the common denominator based on the sameness and similarities of the Turkish World individuals”. They also think that these two concepts that they feel close to, must be implemented for practical purposes. Although the majority of the participants proud of Turkish world, they indicated historical and cultural elements as the source of this pride. In conclusion, it has been seen that the people in the Turkish World have similar perceptions and they think that the establishment of the Turkish Union is necessary, important and useful.

“Visiting” Close Kin Abroad: Migration Strategies of the Serbian Roma

Author(s): Jelena Čvorović,Kathryn Coe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The Roma/Gypsies are the largest, poorest and youngest ethnic group in Europe. During the past decade, the Roma from Central and Eastern Europe were of considerable public concern due to a large inflow of Roma emigrants into Western European countries. Applications for international protection submitted by the Roma from the Western Balkans became a substantial part of the asylum case-load at the EU level. More recently, however, a new wave of migrants, mostly from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, has found its way to Europe. As Serbia is classified as a safe country, Serbian nationals have limited chances of being awarded refugee status. Nevertheless undeterred, the Serbian Roma/Gypsies continue to travel to and apply for asylum in Western European countries. Using data from original fieldwork conducted among Serbian Roma women, we argue that their desire to travel and possibly reside in one of the more affluent Western European countries is connected to the fact that they have extensive kinship ties in those counties. Kinship ties, in brief, explain much of current Roma migration practices.

“WE WERE LED BY THE LORD IN A SPECIAL WAY…”

Author(s): Imola Küllős / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2001

The main religious lay-leader of the Hungarian Calvinists living in Carpathian Ukraine was the peasant-prophetess, Mrs. Mariska Borku (1910–1978). Her higly important work, the so-called “Third Testament” is a manuscript, written under the influence of the Holy Spirit. It was considered by Mrs. Mariska Borku and her followers as a holy text, a part of the Bible. These almost 800 biblical “quasi loci” were spread in hand-written copies and were read aloud at religious meetings in the Hungarian villages of Carpathian Ukraine, even 10–15 years after her death. Beside the biblical paraphrases, religious songs and prayers, one fourth of the text consists of her visions. The prophetess never explained these visions and the Holy Spirit’s “verbs” to her followers – only announced them. Recently the largest religious community of her followers, mostly women over fifty, exists in the village of Dercen. Its lay-leader, Miss Ida Balla, can explain the Words of the “Third Testament”, and the visions of Mrs. Borku on the occasion of their private religious service Sunday afternoons. My study offers a short survey of the historical and political situation of the area between 1920 and 1995, in which the emphasised folk religion played a very important role in the survival of national identity and in strengthening the faith of the Hungarian inhabitants living in a very often tragic minority status. I illustrate my presentation with original visionary texts of the “Third Testament”, and their actual-political exegesis given by the recent lay-leader of Mrs. Mariska Borku’s followers.

“What is Fatmagül’s Guilt?” Ethnology at the End of the Workday

Author(s): Vanya Zhekova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper offers an ethnological reading of the Turkish TV series “What is Fatmagül’s guilt?” as well as a critical view on its broadcast on Bulgarian television. The central subject matter is a group rape which sets the main theme of the series: violence against women. The authors develop the theme in two main forms:physical/sexual and symbolic violence, the latter regulated and maintained by thewedding ritual. The core of the latter is the problem of virginity.Special focus is paid to the script and the way in which pre-modern culture is presented. There are examples which show that the literary text is not only a super structure over cultural facts or their basic illustration, but in many cases it conducts a dialogue with them, transforms them and even rejects them as cultural practices (the problem of guilt, the ‘besmirching’ of the woman, the first wedding night complex,the cultural meaning of the red colour in a man’s relationship with his wife, the bed,material and spiritual, etc.). The series represents a good example of creative work on and analysis of pre-modern culture.

„A párthatározat szellemében…”

A Kádár-korszak cigánypolitikájának végrehajtása Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyében

Author(s): Tamás Hajnáczky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The situation of the Gypsy population in County BAZ had already been handeld before the publishing of the party decree in 1961. The party decree in 1961 officially specified the tasks and proclaimed the ideological standpoint in connection with the Gypsies. The state party and the investigated county shortly faced with great difficulties, especially on the field of the so-called „elimination of the Gypsy camps without adequate social conditions”. In the 1960s and 1970s, the officials strictly insisted on the party decree of 1961, on county and national level as well. The new party decree in 1979 did not denied the previous one, the changes only answered the newly emerged difficulties. To the end of the 1970s – parallel to the national tendencies – a moderate improvement occured in the situation of the Gypsies in the investigated county. On the other hand, the positive developments affected just a small part of the Gypsy population.