Представе и стереотипи о Србији у виђењима Срба из Хрватске (1918–1929)

Author(s): Sofija Božić / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

The article explores the relations between the Serbs in Croatia and Serbia in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The results of the research indicate that the Serb people from the Croat territories, not having lost the feeling of spiritual unity with the Serbs of Serbia even under the Habsburgs, remained loyal to Serbia in the new state too. Not only the Radical, but also the Democrat/Independent-Democrat part of the Serb community cherished the awareness of Serbia’s greatness and importance. It seems the Serb national entity perceived in Yugoslavism no obstacle to attachment to Serbia, which had to be borne in mind even by that part of its political leadership which joined the Croats in their struggle against Belgrade in the second half of 1920s. However, when Serbian politicians and intellectuals from Croatia are in question, or at least those of their representatives who were active in public life, they left a number of interesting and provoking opinions about Serbia, mentality of its inhabitants and its leaders. These attitudes well reflect certain split between the political and intellectual elites from Serbia and Croatia. From a gamut of different views, ideas, experiences and reactions, the most representative have been picked out. Among them are the attitudes of politically independent intellectuals (Ljubomir Macić for example). Particularly critical attitude toward Serbia was shared above all by members of the circle around Svetozar Pribićević, as well as those who were democratically inclined. No harsh words about Serbia were to be heard from the ranks of the Radical politicians; on the contrary, they were prone to defend it, appreciating the victims and sufferings of Serbia and its contribution to the liberation and unification of all Serbs and other Yugoslav peoples. They were denouncing as irrational and unproductive the division into the Serbs from Serbia and from without it. The existence of two different political options, one of which siding with Zagreb, threatened to spoil not only the relations within the Serb community in Croatia, but also to weaken the feeling of loyalty of the Serbs from Croatia toward Serbia and to sever the ties binding them fast to their conationals from the Serbian mainland.

Преживяването на едно земетресение – социокултурни ефекти върху качеството на живот на местните общности (наблюдение върху последствията от пернишкото земетресение 2012 г.)

Author(s): Elya Tzaneva,Albena Nakova-Manolova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2021

The analysis of sociocultural responses and behavioral strategies to address the consequences of local disasters is aimed at supporting the development of models of rational and socially adequate behavior to prevent and limit the effects of disasters,which could be useful in documents and policies of an official nature among local and central authorities and increase their effectiveness.

ПРЕОДОЛЕВАЯ СОВЕТСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ:«МЕСТА ПАМЯТИ» ЕВРЕЕВ В ГОРОДСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ УКРАИНЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ МУЗЕЕВ И МЕМОРИАЛОВ ПАМЯТИ ЖЕРТВАМ ХОЛОКОСТА)

Author(s): A.S. Shapiro / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2013

The article considers the modern politics of memory of the Ukrainian society, which does not include in the national historical narrative the events connected with one of the most numerous ethnic national minorities of Ukraine. Here the symbols of Sovietness (“Sovetskost”) in the post-Soviet space are the lacking sites of memory in the city space, connected with the Jewish people who have been recognized marginal for the national project. Thus while analyzing the modern museumization and memoralization of the Holocaust victims the author revealed not yet overwhelmed Soviet ideological clichés in which the Jews are pictured as “the others” to Ukrainian history, and the national identity construction is based on the image of the titular social community.

Преподаване на български език на неговорещи езика българи

Author(s): Nina Borisova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Привязанность в действии: психологическая теоретизация связи ребенка и матери в (пост) социалистической Чехии

Author(s): Victoria Schmidt / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

Attachment theory has been subject to sustained critique by radical psychologists and feminists. The critical stance towards attachment theory among western experts is a matter of long-term analytical practices; neither the work of John Bowlby nor the popular socialist version of attachment theory by the Czech psychologists Zdeněk Matějčekand Josef langmeier has been the subject of such revision. Attachment theory still provides the key arguments in favor of deinstitutionalization and developing family placement in postsocialist countries. This obvious idealization of attachment theory by Czech psychologists limits access to the western critical tradition and blocks the deconstruction of Matějček and Langmeier. This essay attempts to overcome these limitations. A review of critiques of John Bowlby’s theory and his adherents is juxtaposed with a reconstruction of the history of attachment theory in socialist Czechoslovakia. In the first part, the essay embeds Western arguments within the concept of epistemic in justiceas developed by Miranda Fricker. In line with the principle of historicization, the next part explores the combination of forces that drove the formation of attachment theory in Czechoslovakia. The final part investigates contemporary attempts to apply attachment theory to the issue of forced removal of Roma children from their families and examines the options for preventing this practice and the placement of Roma children into residential care settings.

Приобщаващото образование – нормативни аспекти и казуси от практиката

Author(s): Yosif Nunev,Borislava Nedyalkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The proposed material is connected with the inclusive education topic and consist of two main parts: interpretation on the most recent regulations - the Pre-school and School Educationa Act and the Inclusive Education Ordinance and a discription of two actual case studies with students who have been subject to inclusive education.

ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ НА РОМИТЕ СПРЯМО ИЗИСКВАНИЯТА НА ПАЗАРА НА ТРУДА В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Mira Doncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2021

The demanding market in times of economic crisis imposes ever-increasing demands, which the Roma in Bulgaria find difficult to meet. Their adaptability to these requirements is essential. Examining it in detail helps to find the missing link, which hinders the full integration of this ethnic group.

Проблем народних мањина

Author(s): Ante Baneković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 06/1931

Проблем народних мањина заузима данас важно мјесто у опћим дискусијама, поименце ондје гдје се ради о томе како ћемо поправити међународне одношаје. И може се рећи, да га ни сам проблем свјетске економске кризе није у стању потиснути у позадину. То се види већ и по томе што се њиме баве несамо Унија за промицање интереса Лиге На- рода, Међународно правно удружење, социјалистичке интернацијонале, лиге за права човјека, и т. д., већ и разне друге организације вјерскога, филозофскога, и културнога значаја.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПОДОЛАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ПОДІЛУ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНІЙ ТА ЕТНОМОВНІЙ ОСНОВАХ

Author(s): Halyna Lutsyshyn / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2014

The article deals with the problem of overcoming a social and political division of the Ukrainian society by region, ethnicity and language. Having intensified during the years of its independence, the existing social and political division of the Ukrainian society suggests that the government's ethnic and national policy is ineffective, points to a segmental awareness of individuality and a conflict of interests of social and political groups, a stronger institutional representation etc. Today, the political elite fails to utilize the nation-consolidating potential and often ignores the objective of social, political and national consolidation of the society, enhances the imbalances in the system of values and standards, exacerbates interethnic relationships. In contemporary conditions, Ukrainian citizens from different regions have a different understanding of the past and the future development of their country, give preference to different political and geopolitical vectors. That Ukraine did not have statehood has made more complicated the evolution of sustainable national identification factors of the Ukrainian society, ultimately limited the natural development of interethnic and intergovernmental relationships and their impact on the formation of a nation, conditioned peculiar types of regional identity to a great degree. Remaining immature in most regions, the ethnic foundation of the national identity prevents the Ukrainian political nation from consolidation.It has been substantiated that the social and political division may, if escalated, provoke a nation's breakup which has two aspects – external (lack of the nation's unity is caused by certain geopolitical factors, interference of other countries or organizations in the constitution of the nation) and internal (by historical, cultural, religious, language-related, mental and other factors). Today, the breakup between the west and and east can be witnessed in Ukraine as it correlates with language-related and geopolitical reference points of Ukrainian citizens.The current social and political division of the Ukrainian society has been strengthened by internal political factors such as inferior public governance, ethnic and political management has failed to eliminate discontent of both the title ethnos and national minorities by developing their national cultures, and they have an increasing sense of neglect and humiliation. Unfortunately, most political solutions, official documents and declarations intended to promote national consolidation fail to achieve their functions and are of formal nature in that they fail to assist in overcoming regional disproportions and disintegration of the regions. Today, the ethnic and regional division is also based on the language because lingual conduct is the most prominent factor of regional differentiation. A further development of these tendencies poses a threat of having the existing ethnic and cultural differences between the regions transform themselves into an institutionalized territorial and political demarcation. When forming a language policy, the state should proceed from that the problem of protection of national minorities' languages should not threaten the national identity and national consolidation of Ukraine. This condition should be of top priority in the society that has set out for national consolidation instead of a breakup of the nation. It is improper and useless to treat national minorities' languages as an aspect of their 'survival'.It has been demonstrated that the social and political division of the Ukrainian society is also strengthened by external political factors such as the policy of Russia, which creates social and political organizations that raise territory claims against Ukraine; uses the dominant position of the Russian satellite and broadcast television in southern and eastern oblasts of Ukraine to reinforce pro-Russian sentiment among the population of these regions; promotes a negative attitude to the EU and NATO; creates centers of tensions over language-related and national issues, makes military intervention etc. Introduction of dual citizenship also has negative effects such as the exacerbation of interethnic relation-ships, a shift in the national identity or promotion of dual national identity.For national consolidation, it is crucial today to create a new system of values of the Ukrainian society, a nationwide idea which can consolidate the Ukrainian society. Of course, it is both unreasonable and ineffective to treat an individual factor as primary to national consolidation because national consolidation is a comprehensive and systemic process. National consolidation should be primarily founded on spiritual, social and moral values.The Ukrainian society can consolidate provided there is ethnic, social and national consensus – an agreement between policy actors on national matters based on fundamental values and standards that are common to all main-stream social and political groups of the society. National consolidation may evolve top down and vice versa, bottom up, as initiated by the people in the context of a developed civil society. During national consolidation of the contemporary Ukrainian society, it is important to create conditions for the establishment of institutions of political power and civil society which can maintain territorial integrity and unity of the country and guarantee its sustainable development.The consolidation of the Ukrainian society requires a number of transformations in the humanitarian area. These include developing integrative humanitarian policy intended to create a single political nation, the national identity; creating a single information space; resolving the language issue; reinforcing community ties between Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking regions. It is only when and if all internal and external political factors of the national consolidation of the Ukrainian society are taken into account comprehensively that an effective national strategy of consolidation can be developed and a sustainable development of nation building can be secured.

Проблема правового врегулювання мов в Україні

Author(s): N. S. Pogrebniak / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 147/2019

The article raises the issue of implementing constitutional norms on ensuring the rights of national minorities by Ukraine. It is established that certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Education” dated05 September 2017 have been criticized both at national and international level as regards termination of curricular programs in languages of national minorities other than EU languages. It is determined that a change in language policy resulted in a conflict of interest in Chernivtsi on 17 October 2017between representatives of Romanian national minority and representatives of NGOs “Right Sector” and“Freedom” as to the right to study in their native language. It is established that Ukraine, in violation of the international obligations defined by international treaties in the field of protecting the rights of national minorities, including those ratified by Ukraine, did not take into account the relevant recommendations of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Venice Commission, the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations Monitoring Mission, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Special Rapporteur on Minorities.According to the results of the analysis, it is established that there is no special law determining the spheres of public life and measures to guarantee the rights of national minorities. The respective guarantees for teaching in the mother tongue were not established in the law on the status of the state language dated 25 April 2019.It is concluded that to resolve this problem, it is necessary to adopt a constitutional law that would determine the procedure for the use of national minority languages. In connection with this, the object of research is Draft Law of Ukraine “On Languages in Ukraine” No. 1103 submitted for consideration to the Verkhovna Rada on 29 August 2019 by V.V. Novynskiy, M.S. Mahomedov and others. Formal-legal,comparative-legal and logical methods are applied.The content of Part 5 of Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine is analyzed, it was concluded that it did not set an alternative, but it sets a mandatory obligation to perform all actions of the state to guarantee the rights of national minorities.It is concluded that it is necessary to adopt a special law on languages in Ukraine in order to implement the Constitution of Ukraine. It is recommended that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine include Draft law No.1103 on the agenda, consider it, and adopt it as a basis in the first reading. It is recommended to adopt laws related to the draft law on national and cultural autonomy, on indigenous peoples of Ukraine, on national minorities (new version), on local referenda, on an all-Ukrainian referendum.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА МАЈЧИНСТВА У РОМАНУ „ВОЉЕНА“ ТОНИ МОРИСОН

Author(s): Jelena M. Abula / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 74/2021

This paper will examine the concept of motherhood in the light of black feminism in Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. Morrison, one of the most prominent writers of the 20th century, is trying to present the development of the African- American community and the institution of motherhood in a society characterized by meaningless divisions between race, class and gender. Slavery problematizes the concept of motherhood which represents a connection of conflicting views shaped by different attitudes towards race, gender and class. Therefore, Morrison uses the suppressed voices of African-American mothers to address the problematic concept of motherhood in slavery. The paper explores the complexity of slavery and its influence on motherhood, the powerful ideology through which the Afro-American tradition is transferred, and it also outlines motherhood as a dominant motif that connects the female characters in Beloved.

Проблеми социјалне интеграције досељеника средином XX века Бачка

Problemi socijalne integracije doseljenika sredinom XX veka. Bačka

Author(s): Miljana Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Провал на мултикултурализма? Добре, а оттук нататък?

Author(s): Plamen Makariev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

This article refers to minority policies in liberal-democratic societies. A number of failures in this field are explained as a result of the one-sidedness of these policies. I differentiate between two types of them: universalist (of an “orthodox” liberal type) and particularist (nationalist or multiculturalist) ones. I claim that neither “pure’ universalism, nor extreme particularism can serve as adequate approaches to the complex issues of, first and foremost, ethnic and religious minority communities. I comment, further, in a positive vein, two up to date theories which aim at a synthesis of these publicly-political approaches – John Rawls’s political liberalism and Jürgen Habermas’s theory of “two track” deliberative politics.

ПРОЕКТ М.Р. КАНТАКУЗИНА-СПЕРАНСКОГО 1891 ГОДА ПО РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЮ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДУХОВНЫМИ ДЕЛАМИ КРЫМСКИХ ТАТАР

Author(s): Ildus Kotdusovich Zagidullin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2-3/2019

The reasons and prerequisites of drawing up the project on reforming of the spiritual affairs management of the Crimean Tatars in 1891 by M.R. Kantakuzin-Speransky, the head of the Department of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Confessions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, were analyzed. The principles of the reform realization were considered. Its basic provisions were covered. It was noted that the project was created and influenced by the conservative nationalism of Alexander III’s rule aimed to reduce the size of the clergy institution and to establish complete government control over it and the Taurian Mohammedan spiritual board with subsequent integration of the Islamic institutes into the Russian administrative legal framework. Interestingly, the complex revision of the spiritual affairs management of the Crimean Tatars was not highly prioritized by the state and, therefore, the Ministry decided to realize step by step only some most relevant articles of the project. Following the sudden death of M.R. Kantakuzin-Speransky, the plans were dropped. Another reason for holding up the realization of the measures was the social behavior of the Crimean Tatars who were political loyal to the political regime of that time.

Промене у размештају становништва света узроковане геноцидом и етничким чишћењима

Author(s): Mirko Grčić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2005

Genocide and ethnic cleansing represent the international crime against humanity, which has been practiced during the history in the different parts of the world and in the name of the different motives – economic, religious, racial, national, class, ideological etc. Between these extremes there are deportation (proscription) and mass transfer of population. Removal of unwanted population from particular territory is common for all these forms. They strongly influenced the statistical and geographic picture of the world population by continents and wider geographic regions. Not only removal of the population is to be treated as the cleansing. The term cleansing means that population has been removed quickly and by force. Dimensions of demographic catastrophes caused by these tragic events are represented in this article.

Промени в груповата идентичност на трансграничните семейства от Родопите 1992-2015 г.

Author(s): Antonina Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

This text is an endeavor to analyze the consequences of the transborder separation of families and its influence upon group cultural identity. The article is focused not only on the first and second generation of emigrants but also on the parts of the nuclear family remaining in Bulgaria (predominantly children and older parents). The analysis is based on long years of field research, monitoring, secondary analysis of free interviews and target groups responses, as well as on unpublished interviews. As a result of their cultural and religious attitudes Muslims have a hard time to apprehend the existential shock of the fact that the family is no longer based on mutual cohabitation at one place, in traditional community and environment. They also struggle with rifts in the traditional hierarchy inside the nuclear family. Muslims experience serious changes in their understanding of traditional family and its enlarged ancestral variant. For the sake of prosperity, within a time period of twenty five years, the traditional family was lost and became fragmented. With the time passing it became spatially dispersed, the social, cultural and hierarchical bonds grew thinner and partially severed. Despite the increasing scientific interest in the matter, in the year of 2015, the issue of family transformations and local social networks remains marginal and the field research results are not full and not well organized.

Просветното дело и „културната революция“ в модернизационната политика на Българската комунистическа партия спрямо туркините в България

Author(s): Georgi Burnaski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2019

The post-war situation confronts the Turkish population in Bulgaria with the challenges of both the strained relations between Sofia and Ankara and the assimilation-led policies of the communist ideology against the minority. This publication examines the attempts of the Bulgarian Communist Party to build a new view of life among the Turkish women in Bulgaria through the mechanisms of education and culture. By pursuing its goal of depersonalizing the influence of religion at the expense of emancipatory perceptions of women’s active participation in social and political life the state harnesses totalitarian propaganda in order to change the value orientation of the Turkish women. The striving for modernization of the life of the Turkish women is also in compliance with the specific tasks and problems of the simultaneously pursued minority policy in the country.

ПРОСТОРНИ РАЗМЕШТАЈ И ЕТНИЧКА ХОМОГЕНИЗАЦИЈА СТАНОВНИШТВА СРБИЈЕ

Author(s): Nada Raduški / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 136/2011

In the article is going to presented the ethnic picture of the population of the Serbia and the ethnodemographic changes in period 1991–2002, caused by migration, natural movement, changed declaration on national affiliation, as well as some political and socio-economic factors. Ethnocentric migrations (voluntary and forced) primarily influenced on the change of ethnic structure of the Serbia, in the sense of creating nationally more homogeneous region, having in mind the national structure of refugee-population. On the other side, the emigration of some other nationalities which migrated to their mother countries due to political and economic reasons influenced on the ethnic structure, too. Spatial distribution of population according to nationality is an important aspect of demographic development conditioned primarily by ethnically differentiated natural growth and migrations, but also with the impact of numerous other factors. In Serbia is present an exceptional concentration and homogenization of population of certain nationalities. Due to specific territorial distribution and ethnic domination of relevant national minorities in border parts of the country, the question of their status and territorial-political organization gives special severity and significance to the minority question in Serbia. Having in mind that Serbia is a multiethnic and multiconfessional state, the protection of minorities rights and good inter-ethnic relations are necessary for peace, stability and democratic development of the Serbia and the Balkans region.

Пространства, празници, практики. Визуално представяне на света на детството при роми

Author(s): Svetoslava Mancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

From an anthropological perspective, the world of childhood is a combination of the world of children as well as the world of adults and it includes a process of cultural learning, which does not end with childhood. The present article seeks to answer the question where and under what conditions these processes take place in the light of the various spaces and their uses during holidays. Using visual narratives, the article presents case studies from the Roma neighborhood in the village of Belozem,Plovdiv District, and a micro neighborhood in the residential district of Stolipinovoin the city of Plovdiv.

Пространствени неравновесия във възрастовия миграционен при¬раст на населението в Р България

Author(s): Stanka Zhekova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

This report presents the results of a study of the spatial imbalances of the age net migration in Bulgaria. Correspondence analysis is used for the formation of the territorial units in the country that differ significantly in terms of their age profile of the net migration flow. The application of the correspondence analysis is accomplished on the basis of residence differentiated two-dimensional distribution of the net migration flow by districts and migrants’ age in 2014. As a result, territorial units are highlighted that determine the spatial variation of the age migration growth in Bulgaria. They are analysed in terms of the age composition of the net migration growth and its impact on the age structure of their population. Finally, conclusions are made as well as summaries of the results obtained.