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The author of the article provides biographical information about M. A. Castrén (1813—1852), describes the dramatic and even tragic moments of his life and pays attention to his field work among the indigenous peoples of Siberia. The author shows M. A. Castrén’s versatility as a researcher and emphasizes the importance of his linguistic and ethnographic works.
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The article deals with some security aspects and their influence on the defense resources of the Slovak Republic. The contribution it brings lies in the comparison between the defenses resources of the last years and their increase over the years.It shows a positive trend in terms of the modernization of equipment, weapons,technology and weapons systems of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic.
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In today's economies, investment in education and in the training employees are at least as important as investments in heritage. We live increasingly longer in an economy based on information, technology and production, in which methods are changed rapidly and constantly. Human capital formation should be approached at least as good as physical capital formation and the reform in education should strive to treat the former obviously.
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For centuries, the oasis dwellers of the Algerian Sahara exploit the ground water through the use of traditional techniques such as foggaras (traditional technique of irrigation in the Algerian southwest), and wells of chadouf (pendulum wells). In the oasis of Lahmar, in Southwest Algeria, the farmers use foggaras (known by the name of foggaras ain - foggaras of source) to irrigate their fields. Nowadays though, due to the indiscriminate use of modern systems (boreholes and pumps) to procure water for irrigation and urban consumption, over-exploitation and drying off of water sources have been one the rise while traditional techniques are becoming day by day out of service and, what is more, palm groves have almost completely disappeared.
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The book review discusses one of the most dynamically developing sectors in the IT industry – open source. The work was written by a humanist – bibliologist and information specialist – designed and intended for humanists and librarians, especially those with interests in information technology and information problems.
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Polish research in Central Asia and the Far East in the nineteenth century did not have a permanent scientific background or inancial, because after the fall of the independent statehood in 1795 was not possible. Despite this, there were academic research centers of oriental studies in Vilna or Warsaw or abroad. In addition to this type of reflection on the cultures of the East which some appeared spontaneously made of exotic descriptions of the cultural formulated from the perspective of a traveler. With a group of Polish travelers worth it for analysis to select three persons: Jan Potocki, Maurycy August Beniowski or Agaton Giller. None of them was Orientalist by education, but become experts in the subject through their own observations and experiences. Their journeys to the Far East resulted from various reasons. Sometimes it took a trip with professional and work commissioned by non-Polish institutions and organizations (Potocki). Sometimes, however, journey to the East was forced when Beniowski or Giller were sent to foreign cultural space as exiles for their participation in the Polish uprising against the invaders. Observations of the East written by the three analyzed travelers bring descriptions of people, customs and religion, which today have a completely different form than in the nineteenth century.
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The article discusses the complicated configuration of Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral attitudes and reflected problems in the Lithuanian cultural and political context in the late 19th and early 20th century. In a period of the coexistence of distinct world-views and intellectual cultures, Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral attitude as reflected in her epistolary, journalistic, and fiction writings, reveals problems which arise in the formation of a new progressive society. First, the article presents the historical, political, and cultural context of Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th century. The moral attitude of Petkevičaitė-Bitė is analyzed revealing the sources and factors that determined her ethical decisions. The texts of G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė show us that she understands morality as the sum of responsibilities of which human beings must be made aware early in their family life. The basis of such a morality is a human being’s categorical duty to his nation and to humanity as a whole. Petkevičaitė-Bitė often refers to the moral conception of Immanuel Kant in her view on firm character formation, the individual’s moral purity, and his or her perception of responsibility. Kant’s unconditional moral law plays the central role in the whole of Petkevičaitė-Bitė’s moral conceptions and writings.
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