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The presented paper deals with the issue of the Nazi propaganda on the women´s magazines (List paní a dívek, Hvězda českých paní a dívek and Eva). At the beginning of the occupation, the magazine articles show defensive tendencies and support of the Czech nation and traditions in the form of depictions of important Czech women. The content of articles was changing with the growing sucess of the Nazi Germany on the front line and with the increasing pressure on the protectorate government. The stories focused more on the promotion of a German woman as a mother, housekeeper and peasant in a "grain battle" or a worker who represented her man fighting for the victory of the Third Reich. The German woman became a role model for a Czech woman, who was supposed to adopt a new political order and to support the Nazi Germany.This article is based on the study and analysis of magazine articles in confrontation with the domestic literature.
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In the framework of contemporary cosmology, the age-old aspiration to inquire the outer limits of the universe translates into our effort to observe the initial stages of cosmic history. Thanks to a fortunate combination of astronomical circumstances, and pushing mm-wave technology to its limits, today we are able to image the early universe in great detail, back at a time (t ∼ 380,000 yr) when cosmic age was only 0.0027% of its present value. The state of the art in the field has been set by the ESA Planck mission, launched in 2009, dedicated to precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Planck observed the full sky for 4 years in a wide frequency range, reaching μK sensitivity both in temperature and polarization. The latest results, published by the Planck Collaboration in 2018, are in exquisite agreement with the simplest 6-parameter ΛCDM model and constrain the main cosmological parameters with percent-level accuracy. Furthermore, the Planck data yield insight on the very early universe (t ∼ 10-35s), opening the way to a new generation of experiments searching for the possible signatures of primordial gravitational waves in the CMB polarization pattern.
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Perhaps in last few centuries not any big theory has resulted in so much opposition as Darwinian theory of evolution. Within this theory, claim that Homo sapiens evolved from animal ancestors, namely apes, is undoubtedly the most controversial issue. Long tradition of teaching by Church that a pair of first people was created in short time in Eden Garden is in contradiction to discoveries of biology, including paleontology. If God exists, which is not the research subject of science, he created human beings by a long process of biological Darwinian evolution followed by shorter process of non-Darwinian cultural evolution. Biologist must treat Homo sapiens as just one more species with long phylogeny, albeit special species characterized by brains of enormous size, with well-developed neocortex and very special mental traits being the consequence of such brain. The paper considers selection forces toward increase of this extremely expensive organ, draining at least 20% of energy. The main idea is that a series of positive feedbacks were responsible for the development of brain, correlated increase of intelligence and development of culture. Although no great breakthrough is required for such mode of evolution, energetic constrain limiting brain size was present through large part of our evolution, which was first broken by using primitive tools for cutting meat and grinding down seeds, then by thermal processing of food. The new constrain on skull size, and correlated brain size, that is the danger of death of both mother and child during childbirth, has been partly relieved by shifting large part of brain development to postnatal period. Resulting very long childhood was a prerequisite to cultural development of our species.
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Technical and pharmacological revolution in contemporary medicine has not resolved the ethical problems that seem to be more relevant today than ever before. Most of the papers that concern medical ethics focus on `great' problems, such as human genome sequencing, organizms cloning and quantitative or qualitative interference with life creation. This article, however, describes practical ethical problems that the doctors face in every-day practice. First of all, the problem of how thestandards of prophilaxis and treatment should be established when the costs exceed financial possibilities of a health system. Secondly, how to face the problem of rare diseases when the cost of a single patient treatment may be equal to the whole medical department budget. Thirdly, how to procede with elderly patients with multiple diseases qualified for invasive procedures. All of these examples share the common base: in these cases the technical equipment is at our disposal, yet we cannot or we do not want to use it.
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One of the Polish readers of Marcin Dolecki's quantitatively modest, but intellectually rich literary output, recognized that the story presented in his debut book Jeden z możliwych światów is like a philosophy lesson during extreme kayaking or jumping down a waterfall. The American version of the novel, Philosopher's Crystal: The Treacherous Terrain of Tassatarius, repeats this feat - when the whole world seems to flash before our eyes, our guide leads us through important considerations about the existence of the world and man.
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Dziękując za zaproszenie do zabrania głosu na temat roli „Studiów z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego” w krajowym czasopiśmiennictwie prawno-historycznym, muszę podkreślić, jak ważnym wydarzeniem w dziejach naszych dyscyplin jest wydanie dwudziestego tomu rocznika i nadchodzący jubileusz dwudziestopięciolecia funkcjonowania periodyku. Stanowi bowiem okazję do wymiany myśli, przypomnienia dotychczasowej drogi, zastanowienia się, co można (a czasem nawet trzeba) będzie zrobić lepiej, słowem – do szukania odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak odpierać i zmniejszać zagrożenia, w obliczu których staje środowisko naukowe w tym trudnym czasie.
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Jako senior polskich historyków prawa czuję się upoważniony i zobowiązany do zabrania głosu w związku z jubileuszowym numerem czasopisma. Byłem przed laty przy narodzinach „Studiów…”, w czasach, gdy głębokie przemiany docierały także do środowiska naukowego. Obserwowałem trudne początki periodyku. Niejeden tekst też złożyłem do redakcyjnej teki. Ale jeżeli dzisiaj można oczekiwać na dwudziesty tom „Studiów z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego”, znaczy to, że czasopismo wrosło w krwiobieg reprezentowanej przezeń dyscypliny naukowej.
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17 listopada 2017 r. społeczność Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego uhonorowała prof. dr. hab. Wacława Uruszczaka w rocznicę 50-lecia jego pracy naukowej. Właściwe obchody poprzedziła msza św., odprawiona w Uniwersyteckiej Kolegiacie św. Anny w Krakowie, której przewodniczył Protonotariusz Apostolski ks. dr Bronisław Fidelus przy koncelebrze gospodarza – ks. prof. dr. hab. Tadeusza Panusia, proboszcza Parafi i Rzymskokatolickiej pw. św. Anny w Krakowie (kierownik Katedry Katechetyki Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II), ks. prof. dr. hab. Józefa Krukowskiego (Prezes Stowarzyszenia Kanonistów Polskich), ks. prof. dr. hab. Józefa Krzywdy (Członek Zarządu Stowarzyszenia Kanonistów Polskich), ks. dr. hab. Krzysztofa Burczaka, prof. KUL (Prodziekan Wydziału Prawa, Prawa Kanonicznego i Administracji KUL), ks. dr. hab. Mirosława Sitarza, prof. KUL (kierownik Katedry Kościelnego Prawa Publicznego i Konstytucyjnego KUL), ks. dr. hab. Piotra Steczkowskiego, prof. UR oraz ks. mgr. lic. Michała Czelnego (KUL). W trakcie mszy odczytano adres metropolity krakowskiego abp. prof. dr. hab. Marka Jędraszewskiego skierowany do dostojnego Jubilata. Homilię wygłosił proboszcz parafi i, ks. prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Panuś. Całości towarzyszył śpiew Adrianny Bujak-Cyran, muzyka Łukasza Kmiecika oraz służba liturgiczna zorganizowana przez Bartłomieja Tyla.
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Profesor Wacław Uruszczak od szeregu lat redaguje „Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa”, a także uczestniczy w pracach komitetów redakcyjnych i rad naukowych wielu czasopism, m.in. „Krakowskich Studiów Prawniczych” (1984– 1990), „Czasopisma Prawno-Historycznego” (1988–2017), „Studiów z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego”, „Przeglądu Prawa Wyznaniowego” oraz „Studiów z Prawa Wyznaniowego”.
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