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The article aims to determine whether the external assessments of debt sustainability by the International Monetary Fund and the European Commission are reflected in the Polish public debt management strategy. First, it explains the concept of public debt sustainability. Then it discusses the research results obtained by mentioned institutions on the sustainability of Polish public debt. Finally, the external assessments of Polish public debt sustainability are confronted with the assumptions of the public finance sector debt management strategy.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the extent of discrepancies between planned and implemented investment expenditures and to determine if there is a systematic change in the level of nonconformity of planned and realized investments expenditures in LGs. In this article there will be made conclusions about the risk of investment projects performed by the voivodeship self-government units. The author used the method of comparative analysis and descriptive statistics.
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The main purpose of this article is to present a correlation relationship of the average tax rate, the amount of tax brackets and the so-called economic “growth & development index” (GDI) in the “high taxed” and “low taxed” European countries. The hypothesis is as follows: the more number of tax brackets in income progressive tax, the lower the GDI. Research methods used in the study are: unity-based normalization and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Spearman’s correlation between the average tax rate in “low tax rate” countries and GDI was negative and very strong, which means that as the average tax rate increases, the GDI decreases. That correlation was statistically significant. The correlation between the number of tax brackets and the GDI was examined only for the group of countries with the highest average tax rate as the second group of EU countries are progressive-free and was positive and strong, that is, with the increase in the number of tax brackets, the value of GDI increases. But by normal standards, the association between the two variables would not be considered statistically significant. Therefore, the hypothesis has been rejected. The subject of study requires further analysis.
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