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The article explored ways to improve the system of regional development within the objectives of decentralization. Overview principles of local government and regional development management under decentralization. The ways of financing regional development in the context of decentralization are discribed.
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This paper considers the issue of decentralization. In particular the efficient monitoring of decentralization and information support. Considered such new forms of monitoring as public monitoring, based on active citizens, NGOs. These measures will accelerate the process of decentralization in Ukraine and improve it.
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Much of the discussion on the region is rightly focused on the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. The outcome of the conflict will hold weighty consequences for the state of democracy not only in the region, but on the global stage. In these uncertain times, it remains more essential than ever for the region’s leaders to commit to building strong and inclusive democracies that welcome the participation of civil society and the public in budget processes. The international community should also continue to support reformers in the region, and citizens that have demonstrated a strong commitment to advance transparency and accountability. Ensuring full and comprehensive budget transparency—and pursuing avenues to engage the public more meaningfully in public spending decisions— will remain a key pillar of strengthening democracy and open government in this region.
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On December 21, 2022, in Ștefan Vodă, the Government crossed the Rubicon and approved the "Strategy regarding the administration of state property in the field of state enterprises and commercial companies with full or majority state capital for the years 2022-2030" (state property strategy). The document marks the achievement of an important commitment assumed as a candidate country for the EU and eliminates the biggest non-conformities reported in the reports of the World Bank (2017) and the IMF (2022) regarding the sector of state companies. Although the approval of the state ownership strategy is an important milestone, at least as relevant is the fulfillment of the commitments made in this document. In this context, the commentary focuses on the actions planned for the year 2023. The relevance of monitoring the implementation of these actions lies in the fact that they will testify to the sincerity of the Government and governance as a whole, with reference to the reform of the state companies sector and the administration of public property. This commentary explains how the planned actions, if carried out, can contribute to reducing the risks of corruption and maximizing the public benefit by: i) rationalizing the presence of the state in the economy; ii) strengthening the capacity of the state to administer public property; iii) and improving governance and transparency.
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This article examines the draft law for the amendment of some normative acts concerning fiscal and customs policy submitted for public consultation on 22.05.2023. The Expert-Group welcomes the intention of the authors to support "increasing the resilience of natural persons through fiscal instruments" and that of creating a harmonized and fair tax and customs system", one that would allow, among other things, to "combat the phenomenon of the salary in the envelope". In order to more fully achieve the objectives set by the Ministry of Finance through fiscal and customs policy, the Expert-Group came up with the proposals for: unification of quotas on income from investment activities, including the income obtained from securities issued by cities or other forms of administrative- territorial; the establishment of fiscal equity when establishing the road use tax; the establishment of the mechanism to facilitate wage increases and "passing on the white" by establishing a temporary mechanism for reimbursement of the tax costs of the wage increase borne by employers (MASCS), etc. Additionally, the Expert-Group proposed the revision of several Government Decisions for: the annual indexing of the ceiling for the deduction of expenses regarding the organized transport of employees/day workers; expanding the deductibility also on the expenses associated with the adaptation of means of transport/spaces to the needs of employees with reduced mobility; as well as the establishment of differentiated compensations for the transport of people with disabilities; granting for all economic agents that employ people with disabilities the same subsidies related to the expenses related to the payment of the salary as in the case of specialized enterprises (for the deaf, blind, etc.).
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Ministerul Finanțelor a elaborat și a publicat pe 25 august 2017 spre consultare „Proiectul de lege cu privire la modificarea și completarea unor acte legislative”, care are ca scop aducerea cadrului legal în conformitate cu prevederile Legii finanțelor publice și responsabilității bugetar-fiscale nr. 181 din 25 iulie 2014. Analiza modificărilor și completărilor propuse la cele 82 de acte legislative, după cum este menționat și în Nota informativă, relevă că, în linii mari, modificările propuse pot fi grupate în 4 categorii: 1. Unificarea normelor legale privind elaborarea, aprobarea și administrarea bugetelor autorităților bugetare independente și alinierea acestora la calendarul bugetar și la procedurile bugetare generale stipulate în legea nr. 181/2014…
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Public procurement refers to the acquisition of certain goods, works or services by public authorities. In fact, the state runs a process of public procurements in order to purchase a minimum of products, works and services for its proper functioning, as well as to secure the population with services and public goods. These services and goods include medicine, education, public safety, infrastructure, etc. In order to purchase and deliver them, the state uses money collected from citizens in the form of fees and taxes, so the money spent for public procurements are coming from every single taxpayer. In reality, things doesn’t quite look this way in the eyes of both citizens and public servants responsible for procurements, because the public budget is misinterpreted as being something abstract. As a result, public servants are tempted to use public money for their own purposes, whereas citizens do not quite make any efforts to monitor how their money is being spent. This creates an enabling environment for corruption in public procurement.
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With the aim of mobilizing available resources from depositors and orienting them towards investors, banks have a decisive role in supporting and developing the economic environment. In the absence of a developed capital market, Moldovan banks remain one of the most important source of funding the national economy, providing funds both for private companies' businesses and individuals’ projects. The importance of this sector for the economy is revealed by the volume of loans granted - over MDL 32 billion at the end of 2017 or 20% of the country's GDP. Moreover, banks are also an important source of funding for Government, providing permanently about MDL 7 billion to cover the domestic Government debt. On the other hand, being practically the only financial instrument for savings, domestic banks keep about MDL 60 billion as savings from households and companies, by 20% more than the resources accumulated into the national public budget during one year.
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Public procurement is an area that is highly exposed to corruption risks. Corruption risks proliferate in this area due to the huge amounts allocated by the Government for the procurement of goods, services and works. At international level, countries allocate between 15% and 30% of the GDP for public procurement, while in Moldova this share is slightly lower – about 10-12%. Another major factor that encourages corruption in public procurement is the complex and non-transparent procedures, which are conventionally divided into three stages – from procurement planning to contract enforcement. Also, an important role in the corruption equation from public procurement plays the quality and integrity of the civil servants in charge of this area and of the private companies that compete for public contracts. Thus, the corruption risks in public procurement depend on a broad range of factors that need a systemic approach.
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Costs and risks of corruption are triggered by social norms, traditions, the existing legal framework and impunity. Conditions other than the legal rules are also required to control corruption, but those conditions are sometimes beyond the authority grasp. Examples relevant to this end could be low labour remuneration in the public sector or legal framework provisions that can be construed (for instance, the bidding mechanism could be used to lease non-residential/nonhabitable premises and direct negations as well). In the case of asset management in Chisinau municipality, the relations between the beneficiary and the public authority take place in the so-called "grey" or "informal" area, where it is not very clear how the power is executed, where no corruption risks were identified, but rather informal prerequisites for corrupt practices. We aim to describe below the aforementioned prerequisites and how they affect the lease of non-residential premises located in the municipality of Chisinau.
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In the Republic of Moldova, the efficiency of public spending is low, compared to other states in the region. In 2017, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report, the efficiency of public spending in the Republic of Moldova was marked with 2.7 points, which reveals an improvement compared to 2016 when the score was 2.6 points. Despite this progress, the Republic of Moldova ranks the 14th of the 20 countries in Eastern Europe and Caucasus in terms of public spending efficiency (see Error! Reference source not found.).
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Î.S. Moldaeroservice, Î.S. Tehnico-Experimentală Codru, S.A. Aroma, S.A. Vinuri Ialoveni etc sunt doar câteva dintre cele 56 de companii de stat aflate în proces de insolvabilitate sau lichidare. Ținând cont de faptul că în gestiunea companiilor de stat sunt transmise și bunuri din domeniul public, care sunt, teoretic, inalienabile, iar procedura de insolvabilitate prevede înlocuirea organelor de conducere a companiilor de stat cu lichidatorul/administratorul de insolvabilitate și adunarea creditorilor, crește exponențial riscul de delapidare a proprietății publice. Prezentul comentariu trece în revistă constrângerile principale ale procedurii de insolvabilitate a companiilor de stat care creează rețeta perfectă pentru delapidarea proprietății publice.
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În contextul inițiativei Ministerului Infrastructurii și Dezvoltării Regionale (MIDR) de modificare a mai multor acte normative, instituția propune schimbarea „modului de administrare a drumurilor”. Una dintre modificări vizează reorganizarea Î.S. ASD în societate pe acțiuni și fuziunea acesteia cu cele 10 societăți de întreținere a drumurilor (S.A. Drumuri) cu capital majoritar de stat. Această analiză evaluează coerența propunerii cu politica promovată de stat în domeniul întreținerii drumurilor publice, conformitatea acesteia cu obiectivele stabilite în acordurile internaționale de finanțare a reabilitării drumurilor din Moldova, evaluează eventualele riscuri de distorsionare a pieței serviciilor de întreținere și reabilitare a drumurilor, precum și potențialele riscuri de corupție care pot surveni din exercitarea de către S.A. Administrația Națională a Drumurilor, a rolului de beneficiar și a celui de executor al lucrărilor de întreținere, reabilitare și construcție a drumurilor publice naționale.
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Commentary on the legislative initiative no. 361 registered in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova on 23.09.2022 and adopted in the first reading at the plenary session on 30.09.2022
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Transparency is one of the key elements of a rule of law and represents one of the basic principles of public financial management, including public procurement, provided for in the national and European legal framework. Society as a whole, and each individual citizen, has the right to know how, when, why and how efficiently public money is used, which mainly comes from taxes and fees. Thus, ensuring full access, in usable format and on time to information of public interest, in part related to the management of public financial resources, is the responsibility of public authorities, which, according to the notion that defines it, would be at the service of citizens, by achieving the interest public.
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The given study complements the analyzes developed by public institutions regarding the salary system in the budget sector. The main purpose of the report is to contribute to the discourse and analysis of possible scenarios for reforming the current public sector salary system. The document begins with the analysis of the normative framework regarding wages in this field. The emphasis in the first chapter was on normative and conceptual aspects that were not found either in the Reform Concept elaborated by the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family, or in the report of the Court of Accounts. In the second chapter, the costs and sustainability of personnel budget expenditures are analyzed, in order to highlight the possibilities of salary increases. In the third chapter, the efficiency of public personnel expenditure is estimated, which was achieved through a brief analysis of the link between salary growth in the budget sector and its performance. Finally, in the report a set of strategic recommendations are formulated for the new single salary concept in the budget sector, which is to be implemented in the near future.
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State-owned enterprises continue to play an important role in the national economy as significant owners, operators and employees in several strategic sectors. They manage critical infrastructure at national level, such as gas import and distribution, electricity networks, telecommunications, railways, transport or road infrastructure. In addition, many state-owned companies provide important public services. Considering that, in the last resort, the owners of the state companies are the citizens of the Republic of Moldova, it is of public interest to present a picture regarding the structure of this property. This analysis aims to quantify how the contribution of state ownership to the formation of value in the economy has evolved, how many companies are still state-owned and what their condition is, but also which are the sectors where state-owned companies still have a significant presence.
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The policy brief underlines the importance of proper governance of public finances, especially in countries with rule of law deficiencies. The analysis notes that intergovernmental transfers in Southeast Europe (SEE) are used to secure or change the political allegiance of mayors, build central and local leaders’ reputations, secure votes and re-election. The problems created by preferential fiscal transfers are further exacerbated by irregularities in local procurement. Statistical evidence indicates that when municipalities are politically aligned with the ruling party at the national level, they tend to receive larger public procurement contracts. The region needs an evidence-gathering mechanism to detect distortions in national and EU spending programmes caused by clientelist allocation of funds.
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The complicated negotiations on the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) are always a complex ritual of last-minute haggling in the spotlight. This year's negotiations on the content of the budget are unique in that they are dramatically overlaid with events associated with the financial and economic crisis, the eurozone crisis and other turbulent economic and political events in Europe. The list of issues that seem at first glance to be more important than the VFR is very long and controversial, as the debates within the Challenging the Czech Tales on European Policies project have shown.
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The second briefing paper prepared as part of the Challenging the Czech Tales on European Policies project focuses on the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, i.e. the so-called fiscal contract. The aim of the text is to compare the proposed amendments with the already existing rules introduced by secondary legislation and to evaluate the arguments according to which the Czech Republic decided not to accede to the fiscal treaty at the last meeting of the European Council. In September 2010, the European Commission proposed a package of six economic governance reform acts, the so-called six-pack. These acts were finally approved in November 2011 and entered into force in December. The package, which includes the reform of the Growth and Stability Pact, introduces the European Semester and new options for sanctions for breaching budgetary commitments, was aimed at strengthening the previously "toothless" provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact so that member states are forced to comply with the provisions on maximum budget deficits and public debts.
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