Проблеми виставок та ярмарок в Україні у культурному та соціально-економічному контекстах
Proved exhibition or fair as a welfare and economic category as a difficult scale object of design.
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Proved exhibition or fair as a welfare and economic category as a difficult scale object of design.
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The role of information technology in the course of innovative development of the Ukrainian society in state creation is analyzed. Major principles of introduction of the innovative technologies are first of all the high information culture of the person what is based on universal values and model of moral education of members adequate to a new society. It is noted that use of welfare standards is based on the personally-focused approach to introduction of information technology, refusal of ratiocentrizm, to development of creative potential of the person, free expression of own sights by it and belief of emotions and feelings.
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We consider the particular expression of power and influence as one of the most important foundations of sociopsychological functioning of political power. Analyzes the theoretical origins and evolution of views on the indicating phenomena. We study the specificity of the power and the powerful influence, as well as the factors of political life that are most closely associated with them. Identify key trends of transformation of power and influence in the concept of political power in the deployment of processes of democratization.
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We consider the particular realization of the basic functions of policy (the functions of social management, functions of political socialization, functions of political communication) in the formation and development of the information civilization. Traces the evolution of the state bureaucracy, the road to becoming an official, an employee in the bureaucrat-politician, that necessitated the revision of the functional content of the policy. We analyze the transformation of the functions of political socialization and political communication under the influence of "fourth wave of information revolution."
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The article clarifies the fundamental conceptual approaches to understanding of political analysis as scientifically-applied discipline. The basic stages of applied political analysis are considered.
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In the article an appeal is examined to mythological, symbolic appearances in the commercial and political advertising, which appear important factors economic and social life of people. A stereotype dividing is conducted into offenses, that characteristic man and women in the way of life and their symbol-characters in advertising.
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In the article a cultural interpretation and cultural policy grounded methodological bases its reception.
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The French National Front is the prototype of radical right parties opposing multi-cultural society. The Party’s first remarkable electoral success came in the 1984 election for European Parliament. Since then, the party is one of relevant actors to party competition in France. The early analyses probing reasons behind the party’s electoral success embrace protest-voting approach. Subsequent analyses, however, highlighted the possibility of ideological-link between the party and its supporters. Driven by significant role of Europeanization in shaping electoral preferences, this article suggests that the ideological-link between the party and its supporters is likely to revolve around the issue of Europeanization.
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The paper is an attempt to analyze the reform of the local government electoral system introduced by the Act of January 11, 2018. The authors of the study describe the most important changes from the point of view of the citizens mentioned in the title of the act as well as of the institutions involved. Among the most important changes the authors list those related to passive voting right, seat allocation method and the structure of constituencies. Because of the lack of an appropriate time perspective, the authors limit themselves to legal and political analysis, pointing only to their possible consequences.
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How do states achieve their main goals in foreign policy is one of the basic debates in the IR discipline. In some cases, states are obliged to make a decision between searching for more power, more security or more wealth. The primary question this study seeks to answer is: how states prioritize among these options. Because strategies that states use to achieve their foreign policy goals can be differentiated. However, in the Realist-oriented foreign policy analysis literature it is widely accepted that states seek to maximize their own power and capacity, and balancing is the basic strategy for state security. This study argues that especially after the end of the Cold War, new strategies are used and those strategies are valuable for analyzing and understanding state behaviors. Therefore, recently bandwagoning which is one of the most referred strategies like balancing should be discussed. This study deals with how we can define, classify and evaluate both strategies in terms of understanding state behaviors. This study also tries to answer that why and how states employ balancing or bandwagoning if they have to choose one of them? How do states make a choice between these two strategies?
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This study examines the last fifteen years of the relationship between Europe and the United States in a historical perspective primarily in political terms. In this context, developments after the 9/11 Attacks, interventions to Afghanistan and Iraq, and weakening of the unipolarity; the effects of the factors such as the global financial crisis –which started in the US and rapidly became a worldwide phenomenon-, global war on terror on the course of the trans-Atlantic are being analyzed. The possible future course of the relationship between Europe and the USA in the new period after the election of Donald trump to the Presidency is also being examined. We once again witness an era of divergence in the relations similar to the one after the end of the Cold War. There are serious criticisms by Trump towards the European Union due to lack of enough European contribution to the NATO and to European attitudes’ towards the trade. On the other hand, Europe -which grows increasingly wary of Russian intent- is anxious about a US-Russian warming of relations which would work against the European interest. After the emphasis on the critical issues, there are also some explorations about how the two sides might choose to behave to avoid a serious rupture in these globally important relations.
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Although there has been a voluminous literature on American foreign policy and its effect on several regions, research on American domestic politics has been relatively scarce. Due to its significant impact on foreign policy formation, the Presidency received a lot of scholarly attention. This paper, on the other hand, focuses on another important actor in American foreign and domestic policy: The United States Congress. In this respect, we specifically aim to contribute to the literature on American Congress which aims to uncover the party effect on legislative behavior. Current studies on the topic usually rely on rollcall votes. Although this method has been quite popular, recent studies indicate problems in terms of measuring the true effect of the party. Hence, this study proposes an alternative method which has been widely used in the European Politics literature. The proposed methods involves using expert surveys to determine the level of party effect.
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According to the provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon external relations of the European Union consist of a lot of areas of cooperation: External Action (common commercial policy, humanitarian aid, development cooperation etc.) the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The main purpose of an article is an analysis of the decision-making system in the area of external relations of the European Union and differences in this area and answering the question if under the auspices of the new provisions of the treaty the EU is able to overcome dualism in this sphere existing in the period before entry into force of the lisbon reform. The theoretical basis of an analysis is the theory of international regimes and especially the theory of decision regimes. Article consists of introduction, three parts and conclusions. In the first part there is an analysis of the possibilities of using the theory of international regimes and especially the theory of decision regimes towards the description of the decision-making system in the area of external relations of the EU. The second part is the description of the decision-making system in the area of external action and on the external dimension of internal policies of the EU. The third part is the analysis of the decision-making system in the area of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU.
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This paper examines whether or not the Human Security approach is a paradigm of EU security policy. It focuses on two recently published EU documents: the European Agenda on Security (EAS) and the EU Global Strategy (EUGS). First, the concept of Human Security is explained. Next, the methodology of the research is presented, in which three questions are posed to identify the presence of the Human Security approach: Are they concerned with the security of people? Are threats broadly defined? Are entities that execute the EU’s security policy broadly defined? Analysis conducted within this paper shows that the EAS and EUGS have been built on the Human Security approach, meaning that it is a paradigm for EU security policy. In the conclusion, the author wonders whether the Human Security approach is well-suited to new challenges for security that have arisen in Europe after Russian aggression in Ukraine.
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The immediate neighbourhood and the processes that are taking place here represent a significant challenge for the European Union from its very beginning. Recently there have been overlapping crises and transformations that have a significant impact on the whole region, but also on the shape of EU foreign and security policy. These include the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine from 2014, annexation of the Crimea by Russia, and consequently the destabilization of Ukraine itself and the whole region.The aim of the article is to answer the question of the direction of the redefinition of the European Union's foreign and security policy in its neighborhood, based on newly adopted strategic documents such as the 2016 Global Strategy of the European Union, its original version – European Security Strategy and closely related European Union Neighborhood Policy from 2015.This article will answer the basic research questions: To what extent has the European Union adopted the newly adopted Global Strategy to reformulate its role and identity in the world?, What are the bases, goals and scope of the EU’s policy change vis-à-vis its neighbourhood, both theoritical and practical?, Is the EU neighbourhood revision helpful in the context of the region’s changes?
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In the works exemplified in this article, the use of shadow as a representation field in contemporary art will be discussed in terms of it’s conceptual contribution to the composition, and the absence of a body that does not say / can not say a word which in fact does not exist. This absence can be represented by art and language that it uses as a means of expression. The common feature in the works of the artists involved is the effort to reflect the experiences and traumas of the past. It can be observed in their works that they have established a connection between the present and the past. The contribution of the use of shadow in these works can be summarized as the reflection of the “Uncanny” quality of the past traumatic traces.
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The article attempts to analyze the actions of the Police in the fight against modern terrorist threats. A new look at terrorist activities forces public authorities to constantly fight new threats to the security of their citizens.
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Orientalism has been a highly controversial subject matter which was triggered centuries ago. Various methods have been applied by the Westerners in order to explore and invade the exotic nature of the Orient so as to conquer it and benefit from all aspects of the virgin lands. European scholars and European scholarship have performed the biggest portion of this process since the more the Occident knew about the Orient, the more power and authority they exerted on the Orient and the Oriental. This, on the whole, helped the Occident describe and shape the Orient and the Oriental in accordance with the required policies in an unending time-scope since their policies and ambitions kept changing over time. Edward W. Said’s invaluable work, Orientalism, made a great contribution to the area and it also provided essential answers to the question how the Europeans succeeded in encapsulating the Oriental world in colonized nations and cultures by way of their studies and scholarships. This study, therefore, endeavours to highlight Said’s observations on the European scholars and scholarships as ways of imperialist impositions on the Orient as well as Westerners’ justification and realization of their projects on the Oriental world.
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The relation between art and politics is a framework in which the power of art is exhibited in terms of a social function of art. Whether it is in the individual sense that the artist has put forward as a political language, or if it is instrumental in spreading the rhetoric of an institution or a form of government, it is a phenomenon encountered in every period of art with a political role. In this study, the propaganda art in the sense of art of politics and the art of protest, which is made as politics that emerged in the 20th century, were given and these two opposite faces of the relationship between art and politics was tried to be revealed.
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This paper shows the development of the relationships between Polish land and state and West-African region, in particular Republic of Ghana, starting from the first exploratory expeditions up to the construction of institutional solutions in the second half of the 20th century. The first documented visits of Polish people on the coast of Ghana date back to 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, when this territory went under the colonial rules of Great Britain. These people were soldiers, administrators and traders. During the inter-war period, the Polish state was interested in gaining its own areas on this territory with the intention of future economic development. These coasts were also reached by few travelers and emigrants searching for work. Only few people can be distinguished from the Polish community staying in Ghana. This situation changed during the Second World War and post-war period. At the beginning of the 40's in Ghana an important military mission was created which was managed by allied forces. Its aim was to transport the military equipment to Northern Africa which was involved in war. Therefore, pilots and technicians were sent to Ghana for operating British planes. They were accompanied by soldiers and officers constituting the protection of the transport base and caring for order in the colony. Among people arriving in Ghana were representatives of the Polish Military Forces in West. During the first years after the end of the Second World War, a part of Polish soldiers stayed in Ghana. Over time representatives of the civil emigrant workers centered on the British Isles joined them. In the 50's the Polish community in Ghana increased to approximately 100 people. This situation changed again after 1957 when the independent state was created in West Africa. Polish-Ghanian diplomatic, economic and cultural relationships were soon started. During the first years they brought fruit in the form of dynamically developing economic co-operation, goods exchange, providing education according to the needs of the Ghanian market and the arrival of Polish scientific and technical specialists to Ghana. For Poland, Ghana was, apart from Nigeria, one of the most attractive markets in West Africa in years 1960-1966. This situation changed after the first president of Ghana who created a one-party system based on close co-operation with countries of the Eastern Block, lost his position.At the threshold of 21st century Ghana is the reflection of Polish policy towards Subsaharian Africa. It is still located in the-so-called first group of countries with priority for Polish policy with respect to this region. This is the consequence of Polish needs and economic and trade interests. Contemporary Polish community in Ghana amounts to approximately 100 people. In main part it resulted from mixed Polish-Ghanian marriages, so it can be described as matrimonial emigration. The remaining part are Polish priests and nuns working on missions.
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