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Książka Aleksandra Podrabinka nie jest zwykłą opowieścią biograficzną. To wciąż żywe i aktualne świadectwo odwagi i bezkompromisowości. Ta historia ma swój ciąg dalszy, jest obecna, dzieje się na naszych oczach. Ruch dysydencki, tak szczegółowo opisywanyprzez aktywnego uczestnika, nie jest epizodem w dziejach Związku Sowieckiego. Los Podrabinka to ilustracja fundamentalnego sporu: między ideologią kolektywizmu a cywilizacją judeochrześcijańską, w której człowiek stanowi podstawowy i najważniejszy punkt odniesienia.
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The main scientific goal of the following study is to show the impact of an economic crisis on the functioning of a political system. The object of detailed research studies was the political systems of Greece, Spain and Italy. It was in these European Union countries that the effects of the worldwide economic crisis seemed to have had the biggest influence on the workings of the constituent elements of the political system.The leading research hypothesis is that, under the conditions of representative democracy,the economic situation of a state is one of the major determinants of the stability and continuity of its political system. The better the economic condition of a state, the bigger its political system’s functional stability and ability to endure. On the other hand, under the conditions of a political crisis, this stability and continuity are seriously compromised.The analysis of the impact of the economic crisis on the functioning of political systems ledthe authors to the formulation of the following detailed hypotheses:The operations of political decision-making centres in Greece, Spain and Italy pertainingto economic issues — both on the central and local level — caused serious disruptions to thefunctioning of their political systems.1. The economic crisis in Greece, Spain and Italy caused considerable disruption to the rhythm of election cycles.2. The economic crisis in Greece, Spain and Italy affected the functioning of the party systems in these countries.3. The economic crisis in Spain and Italy considerably influenced an intensification of decentralizing tendencies in these countries.4. The economic crisis in Greece, Spain and Italy influenced an intensification of the process of formulating anti-system postulates by certain political groups.In the introduction, the subject related and methodological assumptions of the conductedresearch were put forward. Chapter one contains an analysis of problems related to the origins, course and consequences of the economic crisis of 2008. The next three chapters contain an analysis of the consequences of this crisis for the functioning of the political systems of Greece, Spain and Italy. The closing chapter contains general conclusions resulting from the conducted research process.
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The key question that arose following the election victory of Donald Trump concerned the future of US-European relations. Would the opinion that NATO was “obsolete” and art. 5 of the Washington Treaty on collective defense did not necessarily have to apply unconditionally, remain pure electoral rhetoric or would it set a new course for the Trump administration’s relations with Europe? Would the treatment of the European Union not as a big achievement of the Old World but as a hostile competitor of the United States define Trump’s approach to the European integration process? Will Washington’s prior commitments to Europe continue to be respected? Another unknown was the approach to the new Washington administration that the European allies of the United States would adopt. Could they convince President Trump about the significance of the Transatlantic Alliance and its main pillar: NATO? Would the new administration and Brussels be able to establish good mutually-beneficial relations? The above questions stand at the core of the analysis presented in this material. The authors attempted to describe Trump’s first six months in office and outline the key steps taken by the new administration towards Europe. Emphasis was placed on security and defense, associated primarily with NATO, as well as Russia and political and economic relations with the European Union. An additional topic was the fight against terrorism, which inevitably accompanies transatlantic relations.
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The first two decades of the 21st century were characterised by numerous determinants that strongly destabilise interstate relations, and even have a destructive influence on the shape of international relations in the regional (European, Middle East, African or Asian) and global dimension. The aim of this publication is to offer a broadly understood analysis of selected challenges, threats, and problems in foreign policy of selected European and non-European countries, both in bilateral and multilateral relations in the first and second decade of the 21st century. The studies concern, inter alia, the theoretical aspects of international relations, processes, and phenomena taking place in Europe at the beginning of the 21st century and trends in international relations appearing in other parts of the globe.
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In order to address the questions outlined in the previous section, the project was conducted in 3 phases. RESEARCH AND SCOPING ATTENDANCE. A baseline study of critical capability gaps in NATO StratCom capacity and capability was first conducted, drawing upon key NATO and COE StratCom research documents. Key observations were used to construct a question matrix, which can be found at Annex A to this report. As questions were identified, the COE reached out to commercial experts in these fields inviting them to present their views at a seminar in Riga. At the same time, invitations were sent out to all COE member nations to send delegates to the seminar. THE RIGA SEMINAR. In August 2016, the StratCom COE conducted a two day expert seminar in Riga, split into four sessions which represented a generic communications model: “Research-Plan-Implement-Evaluate”. Two of the four identified sessions were conducted on each day of the seminar with a panel of up to 5 experts giving short introductions and then inviting questions from delegates. Over 50 delegates from 16 NATO nations attended the conference indicating the high degree of interest by the NATO StratCom community. It would have been tempting to draw our experts solely from the point at which government and commercial communications intersect. Instead the COE felt that more powerful insights could be captured by reaching deeper into the corporate sector. We therefore enjoyed listening to the accounts of market research agencies and PR representatives from the retail sector as well as the commercial agencies wholly or partially engaged in complex governmental communications challenges. The list of experts is given below. Full biographies of the contributors can be found in the conference programme at Annex B to this report. For brevity, the term “NATO StratCom” also refers to those working within Strategic Communications and related functions, in government or military institutions at the national level. OUTPUT GENERATION. Transcript evidence was captured in outline to deliver a short presentation to the NATO Information and Communicators Conference in Tallinn in mid-September 2016. This report aims to pass on key insights from the Seminar in greater detail. It is constructed in two parts: The New Commercial Communications Environment – Key insights of our contributors on essential considerations to foster competitive advantage. Advice for NATO StratCom Practitioners – Techniques and approaches that are applicable across the state vs commercial divide.
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Povratnici s ratišta u Siriji i Iraku – iskušani u borbama, vješti u rukovanju oružjem i eksplozivom, i ideološki motivirani – općenito se smatraju izravnom prijetnjom ne samo po sigurnost Bosne i Hercegovine nego i po regionalnu i međunarodnu sigurnost jer se vjeruje da bi se nakon povratka u matičnu zemlju mogli priključiti već postojećim mrežama ideološki radikaliziranih osoba i zajednica ili uspostaviti nove. Smatra se također da bi se takve osobe mogle angažirati u procesu radikalizacije i vrbovanja novih boraca za sukobe u Siriji i Iraku ili da bi njihova znanja i iskustvo mogli biti privlačni nekoj od organiziranih kriminalnih skupina.
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With almost 30% of the world’s remaining natural gas supply and 13% of oil located under the Northern Polar ice, the Arctic represents a place of great untapped potential.1) After the record-breaking summer ice melts of 2007 and 2012, previously impassable stretches of Arctic waters became ice-free and navigable for the first time. This allowed oil companies to send drilling ships northward and begin the first phases of oil and gas extraction. The decline of Arctic sea ice also significantly impacts the global shipping trade, opening up shorter and more lucrative trade routes between Asia and Europe, and cutting nearly 4000 nautical miles from the route in the process. 2) For Russia and Canada, countries with extensive Arctic shorelines, the receding ice has also exposed significant vulnerabilities in their collective defense and security. Unrestricted passage through their internal Arctic waters means access to Russian and Canadian territory has increased exponentially. For some governments, however, the security risks and grim long-term environmental costs of the melting Arctic ice are dwarfed by the enormity of the short-term economic opportunities on offer. Commercial interests in the Circumpolar North have never been greater. And with such high economic stakes, efforts to secure political influence and regional access to the Arctic have increased dramatically.
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By participating in free and fair elections, citizens make their choice while they expect the officials they elect to represent their best interests in the best possible way. The voters’ choice gives legitimacy to the officials and parties needed to handle legislation and execute political powers in the way they find most appropriate and suitable. While the competition for political power is an essential element in ensuring the democratic diversity of interests, the election process itself can become exposed to malicious influence attempts, including foreign powers aiming to influence the choice of voters as well as the outcome of an election.
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Dvadeset četvrtog januara 2004. godine najstarije novine na ovim prostorima zabilježiće impozantan jubilej - čitav jedan vijek postojanja. Doživjeti to u tako burnim vremenima u kojima mi živimo pravi je podvig za jednu novinu. Jer, u zemlji u kojoj se to dešava u tome vijeku gotovo ništa nije više onako kako je bilo kada je nastala POLITIKA. Ni država, ni politika, ni ekonomija, ni granice - pa ni ljudi. Novina POLITIKA je, međutim, uspjela da nakon svega očuva ime, tradiciju, pa čak i oblik slova svoga zaglavlja. Mijenjalo se, naravno, iznutra mnogo šta: organizaciono i tehnički, pa i sadržajno. Umjesto jednih novina u njoj su nastajale lepeze raznovrsnih izdanja: večernjih, nedjeljnih, mjesečnih - za najmlađe i za odrasle. Bilo ih je: političkih, zabavnih, poučnih, porodičnih, sportskih, svakakvih. U svakom od tih posebnih izdanja nalazilo se, pored osobenog, i matično ime kuće: POLITIKA. A ona je izrastala u najveći novinski koncern u zemlji koji je, pored novina, stvorio i sopstvene elektronske medije: radio i televiziju.
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Opracowanie przynosi podsumowanie dorobku w zakresie definiowania konkurencyjności regionalnej, identyfikację czynników kształtujących współcześnie konkurencyjność regionalną i charakterystykę nowego paradygmatu konkurencyjności regionalnej. Na tej podstawie sformułowane zostały wnioski dla polityki regionalnej, a także otwarte nowe pola badawcze. Celem praktycznym jest ukazanie, poprzez analizy danych, z czego wynika konkurencyjność poszczególnych regionów (badanie korelacji i dekompozycja) oraz jakie relacje występują między wzrostem regionalnym a czynnikami związanymi z innowacyjnością na przykładzie analizy polskich regionów na tle UE27. Praca ma charakter metodologiczno-empiryczny. Autorka stworzyła określoną sekwencję badań, skonkretyzowała metody i przeprowadziła badania na próbie polskich regionów NUTS-2 i NUTS-3 w latach 2000–2009 na tle innych regionów UE27. Zasadniczym celem analizy jest odpowiedź na pytania: jakie cechy decydują o przewadze konkurencyjnej polskich regionów? jak zmienia się sytuacja polskich regionów w badanym okresie? w jakim stopniu konkurencyjne regiony decydują o wzroście PKB per capita? Problem konkurencyjności regionalnej jest analizowany w niniejszej książce z punktu widzenia wpływu poszczególnych czynników między innymi poprzez dekompozycję PKB per capita i dekompozycję WDB (wartość dodana brutto) oraz poprzez badania korelacji wieloczynnikowej, które mają pokazać znaczenie poszczególnych czynników głównie związanych z nowoczesnym charakterem gospodarki, czyli GOW (gospodarka oparta na wiedzy). Na podstawie studiów literaturowych oraz w wyniku obszernych studiów empirycznych regionów Polski w odniesieniu do regionów UE zweryfikowano dwie hipotezy badawcze:1) Konkurencyjność regionalna jest uwarunkowana wieloma czynnikami społeczno-gospodarczymi i zachodzącymi między nimi reakcjami. Jest procesem dynamicznym, uzależnionym od obranej ścieżki, w którym istniejące struktury gospodarcze, technologie, umiejętności i instytucjonalne rozwiązania w regionie ograniczają i określają zakres możliwych wzorów przyszłego rozwoju gospodarczego regionu i podstawy jego przewagi konkurencyjnej; 2) Konkurencyjność polskich regionów jest procesem ewolucyjnym i jest uzależniona od nieustannie zachodzących procesów transformacji, szczególnie w sferze innowacyjności. Proces transformacji regionów prowadzi do sformułowania nowego paradygmatu konkurencyjności regionalnej.
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The author explores the topic of relations between the state of origin and the diaspora from the perspective of theories and concepts used in political science: political subjectivity, power relations, influence, mobilization and functioning of the political system. The monograph fills a considerable gap in the research on Polish emigration (so far dominated by the historical and sociological approach) by supplementing the analysis of the phenomenon of diaspora communities and their relations with the state of origin with the perspective of political science.
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The level of social capital is one of the important factors conditioning sustainable and multi-function development of European and Polish rural areas. The LEADER approach plays an important role in developing this capital. All “editions” of this programme in Poland have contributed to creating and developing territorial partnerships described as Local Action Groups (LAGs). Despite the fact that these structures are still fairly new, they are expected to exert considerable impact on the development of Polish rural areas.
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Rozwój turystyki na małych obszarach wyspiarskich stał się motorem rozwoju gospodarczego. Sytuacja tych obszarów podczas światowego kryzysu gospodarczego była zróżnicowana. Niektóre z nich, mimo dekoniunktury na rynku turystycznym, odnotowały lepsze wyniki tego sektora niż pozostałe. W monografii wskazano uwarunkowania tego sukcesu, a także model reakcji destynacji turystycznej na kryzys ekonomiczny. Przedstawione wnioski mogą zostać wykorzystane w tworzeniu polityki turystycznej na obszarach zależnych gospodarczo od turystyki i w konsekwencji przyczynić się do zwiększania wpływów z tej dziedziny gospodarki. Monografia jest polecana przedstawicielom nauki, biznesu i administracji zajmującym się turystyką.Wyjaśniając zależności pomiędzy wybranymi zmiennymi determinującymi odporność na sytuacje kryzysowe w obszarze turystyki, Autorka wykorzystała wiele danych statystycznych dostępnych w międzynarodowych bazach, ukazujących nie tylko wielkość ruchu turystycznego, zatrudnienia w przemyśle turystycznym oraz wpływów z tytułu zagranicznej turystyki przyjazdowej, lecz także strukturę rynku turystycznego, stopień jego dywersyfikacji oraz uzależnienie od głównych rynków emisyjnych.Z recenzji dr hab. Teresy Skalskiej Praca ma logiczną strukturę, odpowiednio dobraną metodologię i prezentuje bardzo wysoki poziom naukowy.Z recenzji prof. Tadeusza Siwka (Uniwersytet w Ostrawie) Katarzyna Podhorodecka – adiunkt na Wydziale Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Wiedzę i doświadczenie zdobywała także, pracując w Ministerstwie Gospodarki i Ministerstwie Sportu i Turystyki. Zajmuje się badaniami turystyki, w tym sprawami zagospodarowania turystycznego kraju, innowacyjnością oraz klastrami. Prowadziła wykłady na zagranicznych uniwersytetach (m.in.: w Hiszpanii, w Czechach, na Słowacji), odbyła staż dydaktyczny w University of North Florida w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Ma w dorobku 38 publikacji, w tym 15 artykułów naukowych w języku angielskim. Jest redaktorem statystycznym czasopisma naukowego „Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies on Development”.
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Money has always been important in foreign policy, but states have likely never had so much of it in their coffers. The increase in the volume of capital controlled by countries has encouraged them, in more and more cases, to utilize economic tools in order to achieve their international goals. A manifestation of this phenomenon is the rapid development of the so-called sovereign wealth funds, i.e. governmental or government-controlled investment funds.Officially, they are designed to effectively multiply assets accumulated in them, but... that is not the whole story about how they work. Quoting numerous examples, the author of the pMoney in the Service of Diplomacy. Sovereign Wealth Funds as a Foreign Policy Toolresent publication describes the use of sovereign wealth funds as an instrument of foreign policy. Tomasz Kamiński analyzes both the forms of their political application and the conditions that must be fulfilled so that these forms could be implemented. He proves that the threats related to the political use of state capital are very real, which should meet with an adequate response from the international community.
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History of the social sciences at the University of Warsaw presented in the volume includes five main fields: economics, political sciences, psychology, sociology and law. The authors of the texts - specializing in the history of their disciplines - write about the process of their development on the academic level and about the changes they have been subjected within the University. The most important research currents, as well as the most distinguished representatives of the disciplines and their achievements are also reported.
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This book presents the results from the in-depth scientific research about the effects on the Bulgarian economy and financial system emanating from the Fiscal Compact adopted by the European Union as a response to the widespread financial and economic crisis.The main goal of this research is to explore the nature, characteristics, reasons, and effects of the Fiscal Compact on the EU member states and Bulgaria, in particular. The following scientific tasks had been completed to achieve the defined goal: analysis on the essence, specifics and commitments of the Fiscal Compact and the preconditions for its establishment; research on the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in the EU and the Euro area, the development of emerging crisis processes such as the global financial crisis, the Greek debt crisis and its spread across Euro area; analysis of the structure, parameters and trends in the development of the new framework of economic governance in the EU, as well as the new financial supervision architecture; study of the internal logic of the Fiscal compact and its impact on the member states, Bulgaria in particular. The book is divided into three chapters which reflect the main goals of the study. Authors conclude that the economic and monetary union in the EU is yet vulnerable and susceptible to external shocks. The fiscal measures incorporated under the Fiscal Compact are not a matter of concern for the Bulgarian national authorities initially. The study team notes later an erosion to the fiscal policy of the country - it is being challenged by budget deficits, decreasing fiscal reserves and a trend of growing government debts while the investment by local and foreign entities is declining simultaneously.
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Fundamentals of International Migration is prepared as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses/modules. This book is a collection of articles and book chapters published in various journals and volumes carefully selected to cover a comprehensive range of topics and issues in contemporary human mobility. Students and tutors of the module would find it useful to guide and enhance classroom discussions. There are 8 parts with 28 chapters. Each part of the book begins with a list of essential and further reading to offer a wide range of views and perspectives to the students of international migration.
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Social councils and committees (SCs), the topic of this volume, cannot yet be called a well-researched matter, and – whether in Poland or internationally – very few analyses have focused on them, or have done so in a more than fragmentary fashion. Although they constitute a challenging subject, among other things due to their sometimes non-obligatory character, term limits, the availability of members, and diversity, we believe they deserve academic interest as well as the attention of the public and the third sector. SCs have the potential to become an important actor of the local decision-making process. This thread was the crucial element of our research, whose aim was primarily to define the impact of SCs on decision-making, as well as to describe the character of these entities, which in our view show features of participatory and deliberative solutions. Another major objective of our research was to identify the advantages of the participation of these bodies in the local decision-making process as well as to indicate the factors that hinder or prevent their potential as the participants of this process.
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