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The article studies the positions of the Ukrainian intelligentsia concerning the influence of the East and the West on Ukraine, a choice of further development of Ukraine. Shown are the opinions of the Ukrainian intelligentsia concerning European integration of Ukraine, as well as specific actions and proposals of the Ukrainian intellectuals.
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The article outlines the politics of memory towards the Soviet past in Ukraine in 1991–2015 and shows the origins of presentday ideological debates, political decisions and historiographic controversies. Two competing historical narratives – nationalistic and late (neo)Soviet - co-exist in popular perceptions and state politics of history in Ukraine. Both of them are eagerly instrumentalized by politicians throughout the post-Soviet period of one of the most diverse, pluralistic and ambivalent countries in Eastern Europe. The Euromaidan, the Russian annexation of Crimea and the war in the Donbass region actualized the problems in the attitude towards the complex Soviet past of Ukraine. The victimhood narrative, the removal of Lenin statues, the adoption of the so called ‘decommunisation’ laws and the prohibition of the Communist Party in Ukraine posed numerous questions about the limits of state’s interference into memory and history issues, the correlation between anti-Soviet and anti-Russian political claims, and the future of the regional diversity of Ukraine. The author argues that Ukraine’s diversity does not imply its underdevelopment or a hopeless division into ‘Russian’ and ‘Ukrainian’ parts. He shows also that the ‘Soviet’ label serves as the foremost ‘Other’ in the post-Maidan mainstream political discourse.
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The text presents results of research carried out by students of European studies (Simon Weil graduation, academic year 2021/2022), centered on the image of Ukrainian refugees and the ways in which it is constructed in the Bulgarian media. The results of the study refer to the first two and a half months of the war in Ukraine. 35 online and Internet-based media were tracked. Basic aspects of media representation are summarized in concluding text
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The article discusses how the state of information security in Ukraine affects information security in Europe. In particular, it analyzes the information threats existing in the Ukrainian information space, which arouse the concern of EU member states, and others. The formation of the information security of Ukraine is considered in the context of the modern challenges to information policy in the conditions of hybrid warfare. The recommendations offered by the authors regarding the improvement of the level of information security are based on the experience of European countries in counteracting Russian propaganda.
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The article touches upon the problem of Ukrainian-Polish musical contacts in the con- text of the cultural diversity of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. It is confirmed that the complexity of the topic lies in the need to comprehend two different cultural traditions and their contexts, as well as in an attempt to discover the true structures of these relationships. It is noted that the defining feature of Ukrainian-Polish cultural relations in the first half of the nineteenth century were not professional contacts between Polish and Ukrainian music, but the connection of culture with culture and Polish music with Ukrainian culture. The result of these contacts was the use of Ukrainian folklore by Polish composers. Par- ticular attention in the article is drawn to the fact that the Galician burgher culture formed the same lifestyle and common values, and was also a homogenizing factor among the heterogeneous population of the region. This gives grounds to speak of the existence of a layer of musical unconscious common to the peoples of Galicia, which was spontane- ously used in the then composer’s practice. It was borrowed mainly from German and Polish cultures, which music, due to certain circumstances became an integral part in the system of musical thinking of Galician amateur composers. In this context, the patriotic choral works of Ukrainian music by M. Verbytsky are considered, in which he often uses intonations and rhythms borrowed from the Polish music.
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25 років посткомуністичного транзиту (порівняльний аналіз)
The key trend in the development of central Europe and the Soviet Union in the late 20th century was the destruction of the communist system based on the Communist Party’s monopoly on power, communist ideology, an authoritarian regime and a planned administrative economy. Like Poland, Ukraine underwent these transformations for 25 years. However, the course and results of these transformations were fundamentally different in Ukraine. These differences were due to various historical, political, social, economic and spiritual factors, different forces of infl uence on these transformational processes, as well as external and internal factors. The agenda for social change in Ukraine is much more complicated than in Poland, where the process of establishing democracy was primarily due to an external factor. The process of joining NATO and the European Union allowed Poland to compensate for the lack of a consolidated elite and the mass support from broad social strata. The very idea of membership of NATO and the EU has become the subject of consolidation of these elites. Ukraine has lost the possibility of such external support for democratic processes, at least in a certain historical period. Ukraine needs to take account of these historical, mental and geopolitical specifi cs. Thus, the historical priority tasks faced by Ukraine are: de-Sovietisation, decolonisation, de-Russifi cation, democratisation, de-oligarchization, Europeanisation and the formation of a powerful intellectual opposition, a consensus of the elites on the model of the future of Ukraine, and the development of a clear strategy for social change. Obviously, Ukraine itself should undergo the second round of transformations from authoritarianism and kleptocracy to democracy if it wants to remain an independent sovereign state and be preserved as a full Ukrainian nation.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the newest Ukrainian state and market economy, which are directly related to the democratic tradition of the Ukrainian people. The struggle for democracy in Western Europe was facilitated by the development of private property and liberal thought, which resulted in the adoption of such core values as freedom and equality of opportunity. It is also about guaranteeing private property as an inalienable basis for the freedom of the individual, introducing a system of separation of powers, developing the idea of a rule of law, equality of all citizens before the law, tolerance towards minorities. It is also about guaranteeing private property as an inalienable basis for the freedom of the individual, establishment of the system of separation of powers, developing the idea of law-based state, equality of all citizens before the law, tolerance towards minorities. The situation of domination in Ukraine of the economic elite causes tensions between this elite and not enough formed and organized middle class. It is unlikely that in the short-term, this will lead to a restructuring of the political-party system. But outside the formal and increasingly ritual arena of the election, new types of social associations are formed. The fourth power in the form of civil society may not be as weak as it seems at first sight. However, whether it is in the power of the most important task of Ukrainian society - the gradual and peaceful change of political and economic elites, remains an open question.
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The purpose of the article is to single out artistic and organizational peculiarities of opera art of the period from the Ukrainian National Republic in the 1930s. To illuminate the role and importance of prerequisites and formation of Ukrainianization as a factor of formation of national opera culture in the first half of XX century. The methodology lies in the application of comparativist and comparative-historical methods, which allowed to highlight and compare the period, researched, from its beginning to the extreme years. Allowed to characterize historical events with a retrospective distance of a century. The scientific novelty consists of incomprehension of the influence of Ukrainianization on opera art in Ukraine. For the first time, the Ukrainianization of the culture of the population from the time of the UPR to the appearance of the very concept of "Ukrainianization", which appeared after the formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, is considered in detail. Conclusions. Through the analysis of scientific publications, monographs, and archival sources we can determine the approaches and formation of the policy of "Ukrainianization" of opera art in the first half of the twentieth century. There is a possibility to compare the "Ukrainization" of the national opera art in the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.
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Військові традиції – це правила, звичаї і норми, які історично складаються у війську певної країни та передаються з покоління в покоління, здебільшого підкреслюючи зв’язок сучасних вояків з учасниками подій бойового минулого. Військова символіка України по праву стала предметом наукового дослідження, бо вже має власну досить багату історію та традиції. Загальноприйняте розуміння складових військової символіки до якої відносять: військову емблематику – емблеми військових формувань, їх керівних органів, як то Міністерства оборони України, Генерального штабу Збройних Сил України, Державної прикордонної служби України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ Міністерства внутрішніх справ України, емблеми родів військ і служб, власні емблеми військових частин, кораблів та установ, комплекс емблем військової та спеціальної форми одягу; військову вексилологію – комплекс прапорів, зна- мен, штандартів, що їх використовують військові формування, зокрема, прапори Збройних Сил України, Міністерства оборони, Генерального штабу, видів Збройних Сил України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ і, безперечно, Бойовий прапор військової частини, штандарти посадових осіб; військову фалеристику – комплекс державних військових нагород, відомчих заохочувальних відзнак, знаків класної кваліфікації спеціалістів, інші нагрудні знаки. До військової символіки також належать уніформологія, військова сфрагістика і військова геральдика. У широкому розумінні символіка є умовним відображенням подій, явищ, понять, ідей через конкретні властиві їм вияви – символи. Символіка вивчає історію походження, функціонування й використання різновидів символів, які є концентрованою фор- мою відбиття і фіксації наукових, релігійних та інших знань людини за допомогою стилізованого зображення. В історичній науці утвердилася думка, що символіка у тому чи іншому вигляді постає, власне, із появою стабільних суспільних груп. Однією із найяскравіших сторінок вітчизняної історії є скіфський період. У стародавньому світі скіфське військо здобуло славу непереможного.
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The problems of Ukrainian cultural politics, general civilization and ethnical tendencies into cultural politics are analyzed into the article under the point of view of educational processes, establishment of new European model of national education, integration of Ukraine into Bologna educational system and other connected problems.
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The origins of the Ukrainian-Polish strategic partnership are shown. The main factors infl uencing the establishment and dynamics of the strategic partnership between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland are analysed. It is noted that at the moment Ukrainian-Polish relations meet most of the criteria of a strategic partnership, although signifi cant economic and humanitarian cooperation, as well as inter-parliamentary and interdepartmental relations are needed. The main obstacles to implementing the idea of a Ukrainian-Polish strategic partnership, such as contradictions historical memory, are indicated. The importance of partnerships for realising the national interests of both countries is established.
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The report makes an overview of the general problems and specifics in the detection, investigation and punishment of cross-border crime, i.e. actions, connected with illegal crossing of or illegal transfer of goods across the border. The publication also presents views about the necessary measures – legislative, organizational and technical – for enhancing justice and law enforcement in the districts close to the Bulgarian-Turkish, Bulgarian-Macedonian and the Southern Black Sea borders.
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The study was assumed to answer the question how to improve the women's health care at the primary level during prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period with the resulting giving birth to a healthy child and preservation of general and genital health of the woman and the consequent ability of nursing her child and giving birth to one more or more than one child. The investigation encompassed 300 patients (100 patients from each center: health centers at Temerin, Mali Iðoš and Ÿitište) of the generative age. The patients answered the anonymous questionnaire containing 24 questions by underlying one of the offered answers or by addition of a text where necessary-concerning the primary health care and its influence on reproduction of the population of Vojvodina. One half of investigated patients did not use contraceptive devices. 32,66% of the patients visited the health centers for the control of their pregnancies, 26,33% for the treatment of diseases, 11,33% for contraception advising, 2,66% for the treatment of infertility and 27,33% for other reasons. More than half of the polled patients thought that there was a need of improvement of the work in the women's health centers. The suggestions of 74,66% of the patients comprised organized lectures on different type of health care and family planning associated with the purchase of modern equipment for diagnostics (13,33%). The primary health care has a significant place in the process of reproduction of the population and these results point to the necessity of its more active role in the improvement of the women's health as well as in the implementation of the measures of the population policy.
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Our contemporary reality witnesses a new wave of migration – that of a highly educated generation of people. The world has become interdependent and diasporic in the global age. This fact has led to an alteration of the structure of the Serbian Diaspora. A growing number of highly educated people are so evident in it that it can be referred to as an intellectual Diaspora. This paper discusses the potentials and roles of this group of people in preserving cultural identity, influencing national economy and promoting the image and interests of Serbia in the world. As regards the Serbian minority inhabiting the peripheral and bordering regions and neighbouring countries, their role in promoting understanding, regional cooperation and culture of peace in the Balkans is of crucial importance. The paper also discusses some aspects of the cultural politics towards Diaspora and emphasises the necessity of redefining the national strategy on Diaspora.
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(Тенденции в хода на кандидат-президентската кампания през 2016 г.)
The article presents results obtained through a study on Bulgarian media during the presidential election in 2016. Use of hate speech is evident, which is incompatible with the mission of journalism. But it is namely the hate speech that replaced the sensible and expert talk in media. Media continue giving voice of individuals who use populism for their political programmes. Refugees and terrorists are discussed in a general way. No clear difference is made when using the terms 'refugee' and 'migrant'. People, who seek to save their lives elsewhere, are demonized.
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Publication looks over the situation of drug users in two European countries – Norway, known for its social and welfare-oriented state, and Bulgaria, which since the beginning of the transition from totalitarism to democracy lacks sustainable policies on prisons and drugs. The aim of this work is to comparatively present the penal policy towards drug users and the measures taken for convicted people addicted to narcotic substances, to identify those features which can be transferable and can assist Bulgarian authorities to improve the situation of drug users in and outside the prison. Finally, this research will try to propose concrete measures to be taken both within the penitentiary system and as crime prevention efforts among drug users.
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This article seeks to systematize the actions of all the complexity of the protection against emergency, as well as the organization of recovery in case of emergency situation. Preventive action is aimed at preparing adequately for the foreseeable threat with a written security concept, systematic control and vulnerability estimation, as well as on rules for rapid recovery activity in a crisis situation. Strategically, management combines annual planning, retention of dedicated resources, as well as conceptual separation of the responsibilities in an emergency situation.
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This report explores the major governance deficiencies in the Bulgarian energy policy regarding the strategic, institutional, and legal framework of the sector. The report focuses on state capture of energy policy by private political and economic interests that led to bad management practices in the sector, to lack of consistency in the legal and regulatory framework, to deteriorating investment environment, and to the involvement of the country in infrastructure projects that undermine the national long-term strategy and policy priorities. This has affected negatively the Bulgarian taxpayers and consumers, has jeopardized the financial stability of the state-owned energy companies, and, ultimately, has reduced the energy security of the country. The report recommends that the implementation of the country’s energy policy should be reconsidered and should be based on EU priorities and on sound cost-benefit analyses with regard to Bulgaria’s energy security.
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The article gives short presentation about the ongoing rapid changes in the way the information is created, stored and distributed in the latest years. It focuses on the importance of these processes which influence practically each aspect of the social life around the planet – economics, policy, culture. The rising trends of globalization of ideas, means of production, markets, combined with the rapid technological development creates new medium in which the todays societies can’t operate any longer on the same industrial way that brought them at this point of their evolution.
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The article advances two hypotheses as to the capacity of the newly elected EP to fully implement its institutional potential in the overall governance process within the EU. The first one explores the influence of the dominant crisis issues during the previous legislature for the electoral mobilisations and the casted results. The second one is related to the level of coherence of political families vis-à-vis the new divides around the European project priorities among the member-states. The article advances some observations as to an expected stalemate in terms of sustainable coalition formation and effective legislative role of the EP at least at the start of the ninth legislature mandate. A situation that might reproduce impetus for a certain crisis of governance.
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