УКРАЇНСЬКЕ НАРОДНЕ ЖИТЛО В КОНТЕКСТІ ПРОБЛЕМИ СИНТЕЗУ МИСТЕЦТВ

Author(s): Irina Nesen / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 36/2019

The purpose of the article is a systematic analysis of people's housing as a holistic model, which combines the three most important factors - design, shape, and decoration. As well as to find out the most critical regional characteristics of such models. The methodology of the study is based on the combination of cross-cultural, typological, art-study approaches, and semiotic analysis. Scientific Novelty is to track the main trends and trends of regional change patterns of housing. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the main factors of the style of the traditional house of Ukrainians are smart possession of a variety of techniques of materials processing, a saturation of the facade and interior by decorations, and artistic products — harmony of design, shape, and decoration. Each of the five regions described in the article had its image of housing, which varied from north to south on Ukrainian terrains. The monochrome interior and exterior characterize the northern (Polissian and Podlaski) types. The invoice of the facade was formed here by a log cabin of timber. The interior walls were washed or plastered by yellow clay. Western (Carpathian) type was characterized by the monochrome of the interior, enlivened by decorative accents (carved or burnt sarcophagus chests, tiled stoves, decorative fabric on a pole, and images). The central (forest-steppe) type had local features on the right bank and the left bank and represented a generalized ethnic type of housing for Ukrainians. The southern (steppe) type was characterized by a particular system of paintings and complicated housing plans. People's homes have existed for centuries as an efficient ecological system that was organically inscribed in the surrounding landscape, underlining, and developing it.

Український іконостас: від функціональної конструкції до архітектурної рами

Author(s): Svitlana Valeriyivna Olianina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of the article is to determine the process of transformation of the medieval iconostasis with wall-to-wall horizontal beams as main structural/supporting elements to the new type – iconostasis as an architectural frame – which it becomes on the border of the 16–17th century. The research methodology is based on the iconological and comparative methods, which allow identifying the rules of construction, combinations, and relationships between the structural elements of the architectural frame of the XVII century Ukrainian iconostasis, to determine the ideological sources of the formation of such model of the iconostasis and disclose its meanings. The scientific novelty of the work is connected with the expansion of knowledge about the development of the Ukrainian iconostasis. Among the main sources that influenced the formation of the new image of the Ukrainian iconostasis were the Greek tradition of organizing sanctuary barriers and the Latin tradition of framing a religious image. Creating a new concept of the Ukrainian iconostasis at the junction of two traditions was a reaction to the social and political context of the period, which appeared in the Western European art of the Renaissance. Conclusions. Creating a new concept of the Ukrainian iconostasis at the junction of two traditions was a reaction to the social and political context of the period. The introduction to the Ukrainian iconostasis of the frames and its transformation at the beginning of the 17th century in an architectural frame gives the basis to consider this transformation as an ideological project. The new design of the Ukrainian iconostasis, due to the introduction of the blind arcade in the upper tier and the abundant decoration of all surfaces, referred to a similar device of the iconoscopes of the Balkans, and especially the iconostases of Athos. Under the conditions of the establishment of the Greek Catholic Church, such iconostasis construction was a visual marker of the confessional identity of an Orthodox Ukrainian church. At the same time, one of the goals of simultaneously increasing the spatial depth of the iconostasis could be the desire to strengthen the emotional impression of its new architectural image. The use of monumental volumetric structures to influence the consciousness of believers is a technique widely used by the Catholic the art of the time.

Улога архитекте Николе Добровића на имплементацији савремених урбанистичких и архитектонских теорија и поетика у институционално планирање урбаног развоја Београда

Author(s): Marta Vukotić-Lazar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2015

“Dobrović Generalstaff“ is the complex of buildings in the crossroads of Nemanjina and Kneza Miloša streets (Kneza Miloša no. 33-41), so called „building A“ (till the bombardment in 1999 „Generalstaff of the Yugoslav army“) and „building B“ with the tower (till the bombardment in 1999. “Yugoslav Secretariat for National defense“). As the urban planning motif of “Big Belgrade“, with its symbolism matched with the symbolism of New Belgrade erection, this space of great artistic-ambience potentials, of a specific typology, character and design, represents central point of continuity and integrity of Belgrade. „Meta square“ or the „Square Sutjeska“, as Dobrović named this intersection (Dobrović 1960, 10-11) carries various meanings of the different historic layers, and the complex of buildings itself is the most representative work of the Serbian architecture in 20th century, created in accordance to European trends in architecture and urban planning of that time. The complex is demolished in NATO bombardment of Belgrade in 1999. Despite the fact that the functional role of these structure no longer exists, symbolic character of the place is still living and warning, and even in ruins it is the central point of Belgrade's identity. “Dobrović Generalstaff“ was declared a cultural monument on December 12th 2005. As a „victim“ of violence and destruction, the complex is still under attack of individuals decreasing its significance, identifying it with ideology and politics of SFRJ and introducing it as a symbol of „oppressors and enemies“, not deserving as such to be renewed and preserved. Visionary work of the architect Nikola Dobrović (1897, Pécs - 1967, Belgrade) on conceptualization of “Big Belgrade“, metropolis on the Sava and Danube, and his role in construction of New Belgrade, central part of the future “Big Belgrade” according to his idea, and on elaboration of the Concept design of General plan for the reconstruction of Belgrade“ (completed on September 30th 1948) as well, are unavoidable drafts for the insight in and interpretation of the demolished complex of „Dobrović Generalstaff“, as a top achievement of Serbian architecture in 20th century, with a goal to encourage activities in this space as a priority of urban rehabilitation,14 aiming to upgrade the quality of urban space in general. In order to show the layers of deeply storaged contents of the past (memories), and to actualize them (remembrance) through a different dialogue with “Dobrović Geenralstaff“ the goal of this work is to draw attention to the forgotten and deeply hidden from the public exceptionally significant layers of the past and central points for understanding of this masterpiece of the modern Serbian architecture (Bulatović 2005, 15-16; Popadić 2014, 54-58). Confronted with frequent, selective (mis)use of memories concerning this complex and numerous (meta)thesis directed to lower the value of this cultural good, or „heritage object“, in favor of minor selfish interests, the goal of this work is to indicate the significance of its consideration - by clarification another one in a sequence of insufficiently known „memorial contents“, equally significant draft as the founding of the Urban Planning Institute od NR Serbia and establishing of the new urban planning professional staff in the period after the Seond World War in the times of renewal and constructions, led by the architect Nikola Dobrović - from the point of view of its understanding as a „witness process“ and of its esthetic, historic and documentary exceptionality“ (Bulatović 2005, 8; Eko 1995, 33).

Урбани туризам на прагу 21. Века

Author(s): Marina¸J. Todorović,Senta Jerković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2010

Urban tourism at the beginning of the 21st century has become a significant factor in the development of cities. Its theoretical foundation is based on spatial models that have developed over the last 50 years. Today gravitational spatial models of destination are formed. The urban structure of a city has become an important motivator of urban travel system. Its structure is adapted to travel trends, while on the other hand, travel trends have a feedback on urban development. This process affects architectural and spatial-functional activities, including social change. It can easily lead to the growth of a city in a tourist city.

Урбанизација у источној и југоисточној Европи – Урбанизация в восточной и юго-восточной Европе, ур. Срђан Рудић, Алексеј А. Гордин

Author(s): Jelena Glušac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2020

Урбанизација у источној и југоисточној Европи – Урбанизация в восточной и юго-восточной Европе, ур. Срђан Рудић, Алексеј А. Гордин, Историјски институт Београд – Државни универзитет за архитектуру и грађевину (ННГАСУ) Нижњи Новгород, Београд 2019, 256 стр.

УРБАНІЗАЦІЯ В ДИЗАЙНІ

Author(s): Yevhen Hula / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

Purpose of the article is to research the general role of urbanization, and urbanistic in development of design is conducted. The methodology of research consists in the application of comparative, historical and logical methods. The specified methodological approach allows to open and subject to the analysis of specific models of a ratio of urbanization and design. The scientific novelty of work consists in the expansion of ideas of evolution of design in his ratio with urbanization. The place of design in the urbanized world of XXI century is revealed. Determination of design during an era of postmodernism and dynamic urbanization is offered. The value of design of the urban environment is considered.

Усовершенствование организационных и функциональных подходов реализации комплексной энергореконструкции зданий исторической застройки Одессы

Author(s): Irina Posternak,Sergey Posternak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2016

Different systems act as one of the most promising forms of integration in the urban planning structure. In the process of formation of plans for social and economic development of major cities more often, there is a situation, when the improvement of resources efficiency needs not just a concentration of effort, but also some new and innovative forms of building production organization. It is proposed to establish in Odessa the "Corporate Scientific and Technical Complex of urban planning energy renovation" as an innovative organizational structure which practically uses the accumulated scientific and technical potential for the reconstruction of historic buildings in Odessa in 1820–920 using energy efficiency standards. It is necessary to organize courses in the form of accelerated training for workers of the occupation "master of finishing construction work" specialty "plasterer" for "KNTK GERek" effective functioning.

Успешно популяризиране

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2019

A presentation of the book ‘The houses talk’ by Mariana Melnishka and Alexander Gerov

Устойчив дизайн за функционални пространства

Author(s): Banko Bankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

One of the main obstacles which modern industrial and product designers have to face is the mass production driven by contemporary culture and way of life. The faster, the design evolves the more dependent to everyday object it gets. More designers are trying to find alternative solutions for simplified way of living which is becoming more urgent because of social, environmental, economic and often personal reasons. The article examines products designers Ahmed Fewzy, Rolands Landsbergs, Feviz Karaman and analysis of the creative sequence for functionally and conceptually forming of design products.

Устойчив дизайн и креативни практики

Author(s): Bilyana Kaloyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The article explores the application of the sustainable method in design. It defines what is sustainable design, along with the connection of the definitions for sustainable, green and eco design. The principles and criteria to define design practices are elaborated. The different aspects of sustainable design are presented by examples showing the diversity of creative practices included in this category.

Устройство и происхождение крепости Ландскрона на Неве

Author(s): Petr E. Sorokin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2019

The Landskrona fortress was built by the Swedish knights on the Neva River in the Novgorod Land in 1300. The Russian troops reached this stronghold and destroyed it in 1301. Architects from Rome took part in the fortress building and it was strongly fortified, as the Chronicle says. Large-scale excavations took place on the remains of Landskrona in 2006—2010.Landskrona was not a typical fortification made on a cape, as the documents witness. It was a regular fortress with two or three lines of moats and a square earth-wooden platform, with a wooden fortified structure in the centre. The wooden framework provided the basis for further regular constructions and prevented destruction of the platform. The plan of underground wooden structures marks the general design of the fortifications above the ground surface. The platform should have provided the conditions for construction of a regular stone fortress with a Convent House in its centre.This type of castles has been known since the late 13th century in the lands of the Teutonic order in Eastern Prussia and earlier in Southern Italy. In the 14th century, it appears in other lands of the Baltic States, including Livonia. Landskrona was one of the earliest and largest fortresses of that type in the Eastern Baltic region.

Фактори, влияещи на формообразуването на мебелите

Author(s): Banko Bankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

Фасад Станіславської колегіати

Author(s): Nadiya P. Babiy / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 24/2010

The article is about the main historical and cultural aspects of the constructions of Collegium of Holy Virgin Maria sn Stanislaviv (today Iwano-Frankivsk). The main attention gives to the new original fasade of the collegiums at the end of XVII- the beginning of XVIII century, that has a strong hold to the development of architecture generally in the region.

Фасадная декорация палеологовских храмов Салоник: специфика и эволюция локального метода

Author(s): Maria Leonidovna Zavorina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2 (28)/2020

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the Palaeologan architecture of Thessaloniki. Based on the analysis of approaches to the facades organization, iconographic and compositional features of the facade decor, an attempt is made to clarify the local specifics of the Thessalonikan architecture and establish the patterns of its development. Among the main features that form the architectural identity of Thessaloniki are: a combination of metropolitan and provincial traditions, rethinking and combining retrospective elements in line with current stylistic trends, rooted in the traditions of Byzantine architecture and rejection of Western European stylistic elements. In its development, Thessalonikan architecture went through two stages, each of which is marked by an appeal to the traditions of previous periods. The first stage (late 13th – first third of the 14th century) is characterized by intensive development of the local variant of the Palaeologan style based on combination of the traditions of Constantinople, Epirus, Nicea, Northern and Southern Greece. These searches are carried out on the basis of the same architectural type and show three different approaches to the organization of facades in a combination of metropolitan and provincial stylistic paradigms (vertical and horizontal systems of articulation, architectural decor and retrospective vocabulary of ceramoplastic decorative elements). The monuments of the second stage (1350s – 1378) are marked by typological variety and show a tendency to reproduce and interpret local architectural models from the first third of the 14th century. The dynamics of the development of Thessalonican architecture does not allow to characterize this center as conservative, and the retrospectiveness of the Palaeologan architecture of Thessaloniki seems to be a creative method of local masters rather than a qualitative characteristic of their works.

Феноменът „Абстрактно“ – изобразително или реално, асоциации и функции в изграждането на съвременната предметно-материална среда. Пътните знаци

Author(s): Rumen Kozhuharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

Speaking about the phenomenon of abstract art, we often credit the merits of the first "founder" or "pioneer" in this genre to Vasily Kandinsky. Being one of the earliest artists who used the term "abstract" in the period of development of fine arts, Kandinsky is an artist - theoretician who recreated the Renaissance idea of feeling, the vital, the terrestrial and self-knowledge in his works - distinctive and innovative for the period. Noting the foundations of perception of the abstract and spatial structures, Kandinsky wrote the book "On the Spiritual in Art. Point and line to plane" It will not be a mistake to say that he was the first "pure" artist, who had entirely focused his work on cleansing and simplifying images to the plane, depriving himself of the image due to his belief that excessive specificity prevented his paintings and self-expression. In his theories, Kandinsky offered to the general public a summary of the way in which the work of art is created and put it in the frame of visual composition consisting of two basic elements - the inner - emotional and the outer - accessible element.

Феноменът „Съвременни руини“

Author(s): Kliment Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2014

Фигурални капители от разкопките във Велико Търново

Author(s): Diana Koseva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This study aims at presenting three capitals from Veliko Tarnovo, whose making is associated with the Byzantine capital. These are figures in relief from which stands out a big pilaster capital from the complex at the church of Forty Holy Martyrs, as well as two other capitals which decorated the interior of the church at the Palace and the Patriarch’s church within the walls of the Tsarevets Fortress. The reliefs with figure images of saints from the excavations at the capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom Veliko Tarnovo are closely connected to a group of monuments made in the famous sculpture workshop in Constantinople, active in early 14th c. These works of the Palaiologos sculptures are characterized by the frames or the central images overlap with other figures, arms and accessories, giving an impression of depth and multiplane structure. The reliefs from this workshop in the capital of Byzantium recreate the style of the illustrious sculpture monuments of Antiquity, skillfully combined with Christian iconography. Their exquisite sense of volume is counterbalanced by the topically colorful dramatism of the murals and mosaics in the church interior, discreetly adding to its impact. The classic beauty the faces is due to the precise execution of the details and the inimitable freshness of the shapes. In the last two decades of the 13th c. and in the early 14th c. the Byzantine capital saw a boom in construction under the patronage of leading families, including branches of the Palaiologos dynasty and others of the ruling class. At the same time (late 13th and early 14th c.), Bulgarian rulers or members of their families also became donors to chapels and parts of the most representative churches. It seems that this renovative donor policy follows the trends and tastes in Constantinople, and most probably not only follows fashions but makes use of the works of the already famous workshop in Constantinople, ordering top products of the Palaiologos sculpture, which even in this damaged condition are worthy of admiration. The use of the figure reliefs in question in the Bulgarian capital must be associated with the decoration of renovated or added parts of the interior of churches and Palace buildings, with chapels, tombs, entrances, passageways, etc. commissioned by high ranking donors.

Физиология на визуалното възприятие

Author(s): Yavor Zhablyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

Философията на модернизма в архитектурата на БАУХАУС

Author(s): Iskra Dandolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

After 1989, the construction of industrially built residential blocks in residential complexes in Sofia was stopped. Until then, for two or three decades, they were the most important production for the construction of residential buildings in the capital according to the principles of modernism. Thousands of homeless people eagerly awaited them to be sheltered. Confusion ensued after the political changes in 1989, when attempts were made to implement the laws on the restitution of agricultural land within the complexes, despite the fact that these were “projects with implementation” and according to the Restitution Law no changes could be made there. The complexes, as well as the other constructions in progress, only had to be completed according to their designs. But it did not happen. In many places, “illegal restitution” of private agricultural land has begun, as well as spontaneous “privatization” of municipal and state lands and new construction in violation of the projects for the development of residential complexes. Their physical and social environment has changed radically and as a result the quality of life in them has deteriorated sharply. Thirty years after 1989, the residential complexes of Sofia have dramatically moved away from the principles of modernism and are almost everywhere in spatial and social degradation. An intensive process of anti-modernism is under way. Only recently the Sofia Municipality decided to introduce a policy to improve the living conditions of citizens in these territories – will it be able to realize and develop it and is it not too late?

Финишингови материали в домовете за хора от третата възраст

Author(s): Plamen Rilski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020