Zaolzie w stosunkach polsko‑czechosłowackich w czasie II wojny światowej

Author(s): Dariusz Miszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2018

Apart form the Piłsudki-ites, the Polish government along with underground organizations in the Nazi German-occupied country (the former Second Polish Republic), voiced their criticism regarding the partition of Czechoslovakia previously performed by the Sanation government side by side with the Germans in 1938, resulting in the Polish seizure of Zaolzie. Nonetheless, there was no single political faction in Poland, including the communists, that would have conceded to returning Zaolzie unconditionally to Czechoslovakia after the war. Even though in this very case the Polish government was open to some concessions, those did not include re-establishing the pre-September 1938 state of affairs. Polish authorities declared readiness to negotiate bilaterally or proceed with a form of arbitration. Political groups in the country tended towards reaching an agreement with Czechoslovakia based on exchanging Zaolzie for Lower Silesia along with Lusatia. They also put forward a mutually-agreed equilibrium between Polish ethnicity and Czechoslovakian economic interest in Zaolzie. Had the Polish-Czechoslovakian agreement not been attained, they should have opted for a plebiscite.

Zapomniani kaci Hitlera. Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz w okupowanej Polsce 1939–1940. Wybrane zagadnienia, red. Izabela Mazanowska, Tomasz Sylwiusz Ceran (Publikacje Gdańskiego Oddziału IPN, t. 54), Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni

Author(s): Przemysław Olstowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

Zapovjednici i dužnosnici jasenovačke skupine logora 1941. - 1945.

Author(s): Davor Kovačić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2000

In the majority of published works about the Jasenovac concentration camp the dominant place is given to the number of killed and perished, which were often for political expediency raised and multiplied. Much lesser number of publications deals with the internal structure and operation of the camp and with those who operated it. Among those who ran the camp, two names are of particular interest: Ljubo Miloš and Miroslav Filipović Majstorović, who were its commanders for a period. Because Majstorović was a former Catholic priest who was expelled from the Franciscan order, the anti-Catholic propaganda used that circumstance, and is still using it, to accuse the Catholic Church for participation in crimes.

Zarys dziejów parafii w Radostowie do końca II Wojny Światowej

Author(s): Andrzej Kopiczko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The article describes the origins and development of the parish in Radostowo in 1945. The main attention was paid to changes in the equipment of the church, pastoral development, operation of the parish school, religious associations and pastors. Radostowo was founded in the years 1333-1342. Its location was approved in 1362 by Bishop Jan Stryprock and back the church was dated. The first known probost was Thomas Kranch, mentioned in 1482. In 1888-1890 there was conducted a restauration of the interior. The parish was not large. In 1777Easter Holy Communion was taken by 726 people and 33 children were baptized. In 1901 (after the parish in Frączki was excluded) Easter Holy Communion was taken by 1010 and in 1941 by 1227 people. After World War II the parish did not have its own parish priest for many years until 1 July 1990 when rev. Jan Mucha became the probost and now rev. Marek Choromański has ministered to the parish.

Zasadzka

Author(s): Michał Kusy / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/1991

Prezentujemy ślad ukazujący w małej skali losy żołnierzy Armii Krajowej walczących na terenie Polski południowo-wschodniej, którzy w latach 1944-45 uznali, że najlepszym dla nich „schronieniem ” będzie wstąpienie do oddziałów Wojska Polskiego . Sytuację, w jakiej się znaleźli, dobrze charakteryzują dwie instrukcje Głównego Zarządu Polityczno-Wychowawczego WP. Z instrukcji ogólnej „Do Wojsk a Polskiego ”. „(...) dla nich sformowane są pierwsze bataliony zapasowe w Lublinie, Jarosławiu, Białymstoku i Wilnie, które całkowicie przeznaczone są dla członków podżiemnych organizacji zbrojnych”. Z instrukcji poufnej do oficerów polityczno-wychowawczych II Armii WP: „Każdy pracownik pol.-wych. pojąć musi, że dzisiaj nie ma miejsca na żadne kompromisy z AK w wojsku. Jeśli byli akowcy chcą pracować z nami, nie zawieramy z nimi żadnych «układów o nieagresji» w stosunku do ich dawnej ideologii. Oni muszą ze swoją przeszłością zerwać, potępić ją i odgrodzić się od niej, a wtedy będzie dla nich miejsce w Wojsku Polskim. To nie jest układ równych z równymi. (...) Zwolenników neutralnego czy pojednawczego kursu w stosunku do AK traktować jako akowców, dopóki się nie wykażą w najbliższym czasie aktywną walką przeciw AK ”. Liczymy na dopełnienie obrazu tamtych zdarzeń — na opisy slużby w II Armii Wojska Polskiego, dezercji, a także walk z podziemiem ukraińskim na wschodnich ziemiach Polski, walk nadal kryjących wiele tajemnic .

ZASJEDANJA ZAVNOBiH-a I PRVI USTAV NARODNE REPUBLIKE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Denis Bećirović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 12/2013

The historical and legal conditions for the passing of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (31st of December 1946) were met by the decisions of the First, Second and Third Session of ZAVNOBiH. Thereby, it is especially significant to emphasize the importance of the First Session of ZAVNOBiH as a historical event on which the representatives of all Bosnian and Herzegovinian peoples laid the foundations of the modern statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the course of the Liberation war, through ZAVNOBiH, the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina created their federal unit, which then became, according to the political will of its delegates on the Second Session of AVNOJ, a part of the Democratic Federative Yugoslavia. With the passing of the first constitution of the Peoples Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina its internal organization was defined in accordance with the political and economical circumstances of the time. It was defined as a people’s state of republican character which had sovereign rights. In this way the building of Bosnian and Herzegovinian statehood was finished so we can claim that from the 31st of December 1946 it existed and functioned as a state organization. It had a number of features of a state: borders, internal government structure, constitution, laws, etc. Also Bosnia and Herzegovina had certain traditional characteristics of statehood, such as the flag, coat of arms, anthem and a capital city. Thereby, we must not let out of sight the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina was, according to the will of its representatives, within the common state of Yugoslavia. The sovereignty and statehood of the Peoples Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was limited by the sovereignty of the federal state. These were sovereign rights which the Peoples Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina transferred to the FPRY, considering that it was an integral part of a unified social and economic political system of the AVNOJ Yugoslavia.

ZAŠTO MAJOR JACK NIJE MOGAO DORUČKOVATI?

Author(s): Hikmet Karčić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 68/2016

In October 1943, Višegrad was occupied by Yugoslav army in the Homeland (JVuO), better known as “Četniks”. As the city was captured, the greater part of Bosniak population migrated, as refugees, towards Sarajevo. The remaining civilians were killed in a mass-slaughter committed by Četniks. This article presents some, until now unknown, facts about the role of allied army officers in this particular operation and sheds further light upon the events of the October 1943. The occupation of the city Višegrad and the crimes committed thereof shall be viewed from within four aspects: Krvava ćuprija na Drini (The bloody bridge on Drina) by the author Mustafa Sućeska, the Report Misija Mihailoviću (the Mission for Mihailović) by Albert Stiez, the chapter Četnik’s envasion of eastern Bosnia (The third uprising led by Račić) by Sava Pređa and Srbi protiv Vermahta (Serbs against Wehrmacht) by Miloslav Samardžić. Thus we attempted to present Bosniak, allied, Yugoslav and Serbian perceptions of the event of the seizure of Višegrad and the crimes committed there.

Zatčení a odsouzení Pravomila Raichla v SSSR

Author(s): Jaroslav Čvančara / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 03/2018

A book by Jaroslav Čvančara describing in detail the extraordinary life story of Pravomil Raichl, who took part in the resistance to both the Nazi and Communist totalitarian regimes, came out at the end of 2017. A few months after its publication the NKVD file on him and two others, Petr Pis and Andrej Lisý, with whom he decided to escape to Soviet territory in August 1940, was discovered in the Ukrainian archives. The file contains numerous interesting facts that further illuminate this previously less mapped but undoubtedly important chapter in Raichl’s troubled life. At the same time the documents, produced by Soviet security agencies, allow for a more accurate or in some cases revised view of some facts that Raichl later presented in his memoirs.

Zaton Organizacije jugoslovanskih nacionalistov - Orjune pod budnim očesom italjanskih fašističnih oblasti

Author(s): Boris Mlakar / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2013

The Organisation of Yugoslav Nationalists (Orjuna) was established in the beginning of the 1920s in Dalmatia, from where it expanded to the other provinces of the Kingdom of SHS. This expansion was related to the activities of numerous refugees retreating from the Primorska (Littoral) region and Istria due to fascist persecution. Therefore Orjuna also organised propaganda, sabotage and general resistance in the Littoral region itself with the ultimate goal of liberating and annexing this region to its homeland. Naturally, espionage in favour of the Yugoslav Army also took place, which is why this organisation enjoyed the support of the Yugoslav authorities. However, this gradually changed due to its terrorist activities and inconveniences resulting from it, affecting the Yugoslav relations with Italy. It is obvious that Orjuna itself and its concrete activities in the Littoral region caught the interest of the Italian intelligence and diplomatic services. The Italian consulate in Ljubljana was especially active in this sense, making use of confidants among the Slovenian refugees. On the other hand Orjuna also organised its own spy network against the consulate, so that a kind of a spy war took place in Ljubljana. Through the embassy in Belgrade and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Rome the reports about emigrants and members of Orjuna found their way into the police dossiers of the Ministry of the Interior in Rome. It is interesting that the systematic investigation of Orjuna and similar organisation by the leadership of the Italian police did not begin until as late as 1928, when Orjuna was already in decline. In his article the author addresses the main characteristics of Orjuna's activities, as reported by the fascist diplomatic and police bodies.

Zaton politike fašizma na Balkanu

Author(s): Teodoro Sala / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/1997

The author discusses the changes in Italy's strategic position in the Balkans in the year 1943. Italy had 655.000 soldiers stationed in this area which was its only occupied territory during the second world war. 393.000 of them fell into German captivity in September 1943, while many others died in combat or were shot by the Germans. The war against Yugoslav liberation movement led to the breakdown of Italy's inner power at the end of 1942. The central authorities recognized the needlessness of further military presence, but took no appropriate action; from then on the rivalry with Germany for strategic domination over this area was lost. This was, according to the author, the cause of the decay of Italian politics regarding the Balkans, especially of its policy toward Yugoslavia which Italy had been developing for more than half a century. Its capitulation in September 1943 was merely a confirmation of that fact.

ZAVNOBiH – Nedovršena istorija Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Enver Redžić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 37/2007

U svom obimnom prilogu autor izlaže i analizira sve vrste razloga i elemenata koji su uvjetovali orijentaciju tvoraca ZAVNOBiH-a i autora njegovih dokumenata kao obnovi državnosti i stvaranju države Bosne i Hercegovine i njenom udruživanju u novonastajuću Federativnu Jugoslaviju.

ZAVNOBiH I DRŽAVNOPRAVNI KAPACITET BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Mustafa Imamović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 12/2013

The founding of ZAVNOBiH under the conditions of the people’s liberation war represented a historically logical and legally completely legitimate act as an expression of the constitutional continuation and political integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This identity was built on the continuity of the representation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an enduring historical community. After the dissolution of the Socialist Yugoslavia, along with the enormous war tragedy and crimes, Bosnia and Herzegovina survived politically as a historical community, a territorial and constitutional term. The international recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state at the beginning of 1992 within the borders which it had as a central federal unit, i.e. the republic of former Yugoslavia is exactly based on ZAVNOBiH, its grounds and legitimacy. The Arbitration commission of the European Union (the so called Badinter’s commission), which evaluated the conditions for the acknowledgment of the independence of former Yugoslav republics, issued on the 11th January 1992 an opinion based on which the Council of Ministers of EU on a meeting in Bruxelles on the 6th April 1992 recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state. Thus Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence in 1992 on the tradition of the anti-fascist movement, its struggle and victory, i.e. its state-forming solutions and dissolutions during and after the Second World War.

ZAVNOBiH je društvena, historijska i naučna činjenica

Author(s): Smail Čekić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 3/2018

The article deals with ZAVNOBiH as a social, historical and scientific fact, from the standpoint of its role and importance in the reconstruction of the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the confirmation of its historical, political and state-legal continuity, and the equality of its peoples.

Zbigniew Słomka, Marian Mulawa, Dzieci Zamojszczyzny okresu okupacji niemieckiej w latach 1939-1944, wydanie drugie rozszerzone, Wydawnictwo Jantar Bis, Puławy 2015, ss. 364

Author(s): Czesław Mazurek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2016

Zbrodnia katyńska jako ludobójstwo. Próba systematyzacji kwalifikacji prawnokarnej

Author(s): Joanna Kurczab / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The article indicates the legal basis for qualification of the Katyn Massacre in the category of genocide. Polemicising with the arguments put forward by the Russian Federation which persistently negates the validity of regarding the massacre perpetrated under the order of the Politbiuro of the Bolshevik Party Central Committee issued on 5 March 1940 as a non-expiring crime against humanity.

Ze života pražského bohéma

Author(s): Martin Šrajer / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2017

Wanatowiczová, Krystyna: Miloš Havel: Český filmový magnát. Prague: Knihovna Václava Havla, 2013 and 2017, 552 pp., ISBN 978-80-87490-75-4. Miloš Havel (1899–1968) was the most prominent fi lm industry entrepreneur of the inter-war Czechoslovakia, and the uncle of dissident-turned-President Václav Havel (1936–2011). The reviewed publication Miloš Havel: The Czech movie tycoon is his first biography, and the authoress intent was to depict his career and private life,particularly with a view to his status as a gay in the society at that time, relations and alleged collaboration with German authorities in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, of which he was accused after the war, and Havel’s life as an émigré in Munich after 1952. The publication aims at a broad audience, and this cannot be judged using criteria of film history; still, the reviewer regrets that the capture of the fate of the chief protagonist and other characters lacks a broader historical context. In his opinion, the amount of information the authoress collected in Czech and German archives, from other period sources, or from interviews with contemporaries is more admirable than the manner in which she treats it. It is true that she generally sticks to verified facts, but she prefers attractive episodes and colourful details to asking more poignant questions or undertaking a deeperanalysis. The reviewer also views the resulting portrayal of Miloš Havel as overly emphatic and not critical enough.

Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung

Frequency: 4 issues / Country: Germany

Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung / Journal of East Central European Studies (ZfO/JECES) (ISSN 0948-8294) presents, under Open Access conditions since January 2019, the newest research on history and culture of the countries and regions that today are within the borders of the states of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as well as regions of what are today Belarus, Russia (Kaliningrad exclave), Ukraine and Hungary. From 1952-1994 the journal was appeared under the name “Zeitschrift für Ostforschung.” JECES publishes articles, research and literature reports as well as book reviews in German and English on a quarterly basis. The journal is edited by leading representatives of historical research on Eastern Central Europe and is published by the Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe–Institute of the Leibniz Association in Marburg. All submitted manuscripts are subjected to a double blind peer review process.

Zgodovina in delo pravnikov

Author(s): Janko Pleterski / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/1997

The author presents an issue which, according to him, should be studied in more detail by current jurisprudence. It regards the formation of the Slovene National Liberation Council (SNLC) as a governing body, at the Third Session of the Supreme Plenary of the LF, held on September 16, 1941, in Ljubljana. The event gave rise to the question of the relation between the international recognition of the legal continuity of the Yugoslav state and that of the Slovene state, founded in the period from 1941 and 1945. The SNLC was the first national governing body in history, which actually asserted the right of the Slovene nation to sovereignty and self-determination, thus creating the basis for the formation of its state. The author underlines that there was no attempt beyond the Liberation Front to form an alternative autonomous national governing body. He misses an opinion of the modern legal profession in this matter.

Zlo u zlatnoj posudi

Author(s): Ivan Pilić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1+2/2013

Nijedno stoljeće u povijesti ljudskog roda nije ostalo obilježeno tolikim brojem malignih totalitarnih ideologija (fašizam, nacizam, komunizam), sukoba globalnih razmjera (dva svjetska rata), globalnih kriza, strahova i katastrofa (velike ekonomske krize, hladnoratovski strahovi od posvemašnjeg uništenja planet Zemlje) kao XX. stoljeće. Stoljeće koje je donijelo i najblistavija tehnološka dostignuća koja su promijenila čovječanstvo, donijelo je i neke od najmračnijih sustavnih ubijanja, genocida, kulturocida, pomora, logora, ali i nesustavnih, zastrašujuće svirepih zločina.

Zloupotreba rezultata antifašističke borbe - prilog razumijevanju događaja nakon pobjede nad fašizmom

Author(s): Muhamed Filipović / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

This work examines the abuses that resulted from different factions that participated in the anti-fascist movement both during the Second World War and in its aftermath. Filipović notes that on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary, scholars have focused on the actual victory and the positive aspects of the destruction of the greatest evil ever born in the western world: fascism. However, he argues that such a victory was not complete; that evil was not totally eradicated; and that sixty years later, there are various attempts to revive fascism as well as to justify fascist ideas and practices.