Historiografija Drugog svjetskog rata u Sloveniji između nauke i politike

Author(s): Bojan Godeša / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This work presents different perspectives on events that occurred in Slovenia during the Second World War in light of the newest historiographical works. In particular, the author comments on various interpretations and reinterpretations present in the scholarly and political life of Slovene society. The author underscores the interpretation that the war was both a war of liberation and a civil war, which is in line with the results of the newest works.

Antifašistička borba u Drugom svjetskom ratu u političkim interpretacijama hrvatskih predsjednika 1991-2006.

Author(s): Nikica Barić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author illustrates how Croatian Presidents Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić have interpreted the anti-fascist struggle during the Second World War. Especially interesting are the author’s comments on the use of particular historical events in the political context. Additionally, the author reviews different perspectives about antifascism in Croatia in the post-Yugoslav era.

O jednoj desnoj reviziji pogleda na antifašističku borbu u Srbiji

Author(s): Srđan Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this work, Milošević analyzes the writings of Serbia’s clerical right, a group that sought to portray the Serbian anti-fascist struggle as harmful and useless to the Serbian nation. He shows how these writers uncritically rehabilitated individuals who collaborated with the fascist occupation during the Second World War. This revisionist approach uses the ideology of Dimitrije Ljotić and Vladika Nikolaj Velimirović as its foundation. Milošević contextualizes this revisionist approach in contemporary Serbian society and argues that it is no doubt a part of Serbia’s pursuit for a new tradition-based national identity.

Platforma Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta od 1941. do 1945. godine – ciljevi i realizacija

Author(s): Muharem Kreso / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This work examines the National Liberation Struggle in Yugoslavia, which Kreso argues can be reduced to two basic problems: the libration from fascist occupation and resolution of the national question within the occupied territory. For the first, scholars concentrate on the total forces of the National Liberation Movement for the second, they examine the participation of all of the nationalities in the Movement (which was seen as the necessary condition to solve the national question). Kreso seeks to connect these two problems by analyzing the relationship between efforts to realize the foundational goals of the Movement and efforts to resolve the national question. He describes these issues as they relate to the decision for a federal organization – in which the national minorities were guaranteed rights, and the Declaration of AVNOJ, in which the national minorities were generally ignored. He also addresses later documents of the Movement, such as the Declaration of the foundational rights of nations and citizens in 1944, in which Vojvodina and Sandžak were mentioned but Kosovo was not. Kreso describes the opposition that existed within the Movement, which created obstacles to the establishment of a foundational platform. He especially emphasizes the acts of a few representatives within the Movement who compromised the original platform (such as a lecture by Vaso Cubrilovic on the problems of national minorities).

Stanje arhivske građe o Drugom svjetskom ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Mina Kujović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This work provides an overview of archival materials on the Second World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kujović notes that although many documents were produced in Bosnia during the war, not all of them are located in the country. A large portion of the material (especially that dealing with the military sphere) can be found in archives in Belgrade and Zagreb. Unfortunately, sixty years since the end of the war, most of the wartime collections remain uncatalogued, and the largest collection – ZAVNOHBiH – is divided between two archives in Sarajevo – the State Archives of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the archives of the Historical Museum. These issues make it difficult for scholars to adequately research this important period.

Problemi diskontinuiteta vlasti i Hrvatska 1945

Author(s): Marijan Maticka / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author explains that the government established in Croatia in 1945, under the domination of the KPJ/KPH (The Communist Party of Yugoslavia/The Communist Party of Croatia), was entirely discontinuous from the previous forms of govenment on Croatian territory. It was a direct negation of the government of the NDH (The Independent State of Croatia), but also of the government in the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, or the Banovina of Croatia. The negation of the government of the NDH was tied to the defeat of the Axis, while the negation of the government of the Banovina of Croatia was the result of the development of the government which the KPJ/KPH established during the war for National Liberation. From the beginning of the armed struggle against the occupiers and their collaborators, the question of holding and wielding power was important to the KPJ/KPH. The development of a political basis for the network of a new goverment occurred simultaneously with armed struggle. National Liberation councils initiated and controlled by the KPJ/KPH became the real organs of power. Gradually, it also developed the structures of the higher organs of government. It was characteristic for these to grow from politically representative bodies into the chief legislative and executive organs of government. First of all, they take shape at the all-Yugoslav level (AVNOJ), subsequently on the level of its individual lands, thus also in Croatia (ZAVNOH). The discontinuity in the shape and form of government was obvious in terms of ideas, politics, organization and personnel. The KPJ/KPH in the form of ≪popular democracy≫ rejected the principles of parliamentary democracy; federalism was proclaimed, but in reality a state and party centralism was put into place. A multiparty political system was replaced by national front unity under the leadership of the KPJ/KPH, and all key political and state functions were carried out by the members of the KPJ/KPH.

Temelji ideologije i tehnologije preuzimanja vlasti u Jugoslaviji 1944.-1945. godine

Author(s): Jera Vodušek Starič / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author contends that it is necessary to have a good understanding of the ideological basis on which the construction of a socialist state was then taking place in order to understand all the complicated levels on which the takeover of government by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) occurred during the war and in the years 1945-1946. This basis in the widest sense was the theoretical work whose aim was to delineate a new proletarian state, and that was Lenin’s State and Revolution of 1917. Stalin, as Lenin’s «sole rightful» heir, praised and awarded that work with great authority in the 1930s. In this context, the author analyzes the phases by which Yugoslavia became a one-party state during 1945 in which all the levers of power and society was in the hands of the KPJ. Special attention is paid to developments in Slovenia and Croatia. In this sense the author draws attention to the fact the the communists did not only settle accounts with all those who did not belong to their political party, but that in an effort to create a centralized and unified Yugoslavia many leaders of the party from these two federal states suffered. Following the creation of AVNOJ as the apex of federalization, the attempt at centralization that followed led to conflict with the concepts that were winning over Slovenia and Croatia under the aegis of SNOS and ZAVNOH already in 1944. That is why the party leadership of Slovenia and Croatia was disciplined in the fall of 1944. At the end of this process, in December 1945, the Central Committee of the KPJ called the Central Committees of the Communist Parties of Slovenia and Croatia to talks in Belgrade. In settling accounts with poltical opponents the OZN (Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda – Department of National Defense) and the judiciary (especially the extraordinary courts and the military courts) played a key role. Indeed, the OZN was by decree of the party the main executor of the party in the process of taking power. The manner in which government was taken ensured a monopoly of power to the party, while the methods used were very similar to those used in the Soviet Union.

Pamćenje i kultura povijesnog mišljenja – baština hrvatskog antifašizma 1945.-2005.

Author(s): Drago Roksandić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In recent decades, with the development of ≪new cultural history≫, issues around ≪memory≫, ≪remberance≫, but also ≪forgetting≫, have become central to understanding the human experience of the past, present, and future. The Second World War is the turning point with which issues of human and civil rights and international law step by step begin to attain global civil rights. Thus the relations to the heritage of the Second World War can become more personalized, on the side of the war≫s ≪winners≫ as on the side of its ≪losers≫. Since fascism was not a Croatian ≪invention≫, the articulation of Croatian antifascism was above all reactive, regardless of whether its Italian or any other European influences are considered in the period prior to 1941. Croatian antifascism had to confront quite a large number of challenges; it had to address quite a large number of outstanding issues, which in and of itself multiplied the preconditions for an exclusive antifascist alternative that would ultimately, independently of the variety of ≪tactical≫ accomodations to other antifascist tendencies, whether they be radical, that is communist. Only a scholarly coming to terms with the reality of fascist practice, that is, antifascism in its concrete historical circumstances, therefore, with the appropriate attention paid to context, is qualified to answer the questions posed, and that means presenting interpretive distinctions.

Glasine o «Trećem svjetskom ratu » ili «novom preokretu» u Hrvatskoj 1945. godine

Author(s): Nikica Barić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

On the basis of archival sources and literature, this article demonstrates how a variety of rumours spread widely in Croatia during 1945 about the supposed eruption of a new world war, the Third World War, which, it was believed, would lead to a new upheaval in the foundations of the existing political and military conditions. Supporters of the Independent State of Croatia, saw in these rumours the last chance to avoid total defeat. On the other hand Partisans and communists believed these rumours were an attempt to destabilize the regime they established to recreate the Yugoslav state.

Etiketa «ustaštva » kao izgovor za progon političkih protivnika u poslijeratnoj Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Mario Jareb / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

May 1945 brought the victory of the Partisan movement and the establishment of a new communist totalitarianism on Croatian territory. The new regime decided categorically to settle accounts with anyone who could possibly create difficulties with the implementation of their intended revolutionary changes. Following the example of Soviet practice, Yugoslavian communists turned all means at their disposal to a massive settling of accounts with all their enemies. To the public they justified this as a necessary punishment of war crimes. Consequently they wanted to portray all their opponents in the worst possible way, without regard to their actual responsibility for events that transpired during the war. Communist propaganda aimed at fomenting hatred of designated enemies. Special attention was paid to those individuals and groups who could by no criteria be labelled Ustaša or Ustaša collaborators. In many cases this was the public tarnishing of potential opponents (The Croat Peasant Party and the Catholic Church). This was a rather widespread occurence, which for certain individuals and groups ordinarily had drastic consequences. If these types of practices were predominant in the immediate postwar period, they did not disappear altogether later on. Thus, in the case of the Franciscans of Široki Brijeg, there was an attempt to hide one≫s own crimes in accusations directed at others.

Popis žrtava Drugog svjetskog rata , poraća i Domovinskoga rata . Rezultati i perspektive

Author(s): Josip Kolanović,Milan Pojić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Starting from the fact that the number of victims of the Second World War and the postwar era in Croatia has never been firmly established, and that a list of victims has never been compiled, in 2002 a scholarly research project entitled ≪Victims of the Second World War, the Postwar era and the Homeland War≫ was launched. The aim of the project was to create as precise a list of the victims of the Second World War, the Postwar period, and the Homeland War as is possible on the basis of existing lists, archival sources, published works, and other documents. Work up to this point projects the creation of an electronic database coordinated with existing databases and the data expected from other sources, which enables research into 19 out of a total of 26 elements, and the conversion and transfer of data from the 1964 census in Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina of over 417 000 entries/victims as well as the database of the Ministry of Croatian Veterans of the Republic of Croatia. Up to May 2004, 86 archival fonds and collections had been fully examined as had 58 publications (books, articles), and information about 85 148 victims had been entered into the electronic database.

Rendhagyó történelemóra a holokausztról

Author(s): Ferenc Glatz,Árpád Göncz,Mária Ormos,Mihály Márkus / Language(s): Hungarian

ЧЕТВРТА НЕПРИЈАТЕЉСНА ОФАНЗИВА, 1943 Г.

Author(s): Velimir Terzić / Language(s): Serbian

A (cseh)szlovákiai magyarság történeti kronológiája 1914–1945

Author(s): Gyula Popély / Language(s): Hungarian

The Historical Chronology of Hungarians in (Czecho)Slovakia in the Period of 1914–1945 is a result of many years, or rather, many decades of research work by the author, Gyula Popély. It also fits well into the portfolio of the Forum Minority Research Institute, as it complements and forms a unified whole with the chronology by Árpád Popély, published by the institute in 2006, which processed the history of Hungarians in Czechoslovakia between 1944 and 1992. The present volume brings closer to the reader the first two periods of the history of Hungarians in Slovakia in the form of factual descriptions in chronological order: the history of the years between 1914 and 1938, and between 1938 and 1945. The volume has been divided by the author into five structural parts. The descriptions of the first thematic and temporal unit show the path of Hungarians leading to the position of a national minority, starting from the outbreak of the First World War to the signing of the Treaty of Trianon. This section deals with, among others, the formation and establishment of the Czechoslovak statehood, the peace conference, the period of the Soviet Republic of Hungary, and the conclusion of the Trianon peace. The second chapter of the volume is entitled The Hungarian Multiparty System in Czechoslovakia (1920–1936). Measured in time, this is the book’s most voluminous and least dramatic part. It shows how the Hungarians fit into the Czechoslovak state and how they fought their political struggle with the Czechoslovak state power. The third structural part is entitled Under the Flag of the United Provincial Christian Socialist Party and Hungarian National Party (1936–1938) and covers the events of the period from the formation of the United Hungarian Party to the first Vienna Award, assigned to specific dates. It is a chronicle of a serious time of crisis, at the end of which the majority of Hungarians in Slovakia became citizens of Hungary again as a result of the first Vienna Award. The fourth chapter only covers the events of just over 6 months, in essence, the period of Slovak autonomy. This and the next chapter—which is a coverage of the period from March 1939 to the spring of 1945—present in parallel the life of Hungarians left in Slovakia and those who, as a result of the First Vienna Award, became nationals of Hungary. It is a chronicle of a tragic era when events such as the devastation by World War II and the tragedy of the Holocaust frame the story.The volume is closed with a personal name and place name index.

Український незалежний культурологічний журнал «Ї» — № 66/2011

Author(s): Milena Rudnytska,Andrei Sheptytsky,Gavriil Kostelnyk,Julian Dzerovich,Vladimir Blavatsky,Volodymyr Doroshenko,Ivan Bilyk,Kostya Levitsky,Elena Biter,Stepan Bilyak,Ivan Shvarko,Mikhail Roslyak,Maria Strutynska / Language(s): English,Ukrainian

In order to make the thorough mendacity of Putin's rethorics about "Ukraine as a State of Neo-Nazis" fully evident, CEEOL is offering the Ukrainian Jewish journal ”Ї“ as the strongerst possible proof of a habit of "modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought". The NGO "Ї", an independent cultural organization founded in the late 1980's in L'viv, focuses on modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought. It offers periodic forums for discussion of issues concerning Ukraine and, among others, Europe, Russia, post-Byzantium, the Muslim Renaissance. It analyzes the current situation in order to develop future socio-political strategies. The organization also publishes "Ї", a quarterly journal dealing with European and Ukrainian issues in politics, philosophy, and culture. It also examines the relationship of Ukrainians with Russians, Poles, Austrians, and Jews and places Ukraine in a modern geopolitical sphere that can further Ukraine's identity as a modern state.

The Polish-German Problem

Author(s): Robert Machray / Language(s): English

Poland’s Western Provinces are from south to north Polish Silesia, Poznania, and Pomorze; certain areas outside the three provinces have been incorporated, along with them, in the area Germany has seized. Further particulars are given on p. 20 in the earlier part of this essay, and the maps should be consulted. From the start it is important to remember that the three provinces which Hitler has incorporated in his Third Reich are, as stated in the essay, “the very cradle of the Polish race and of the Polish State, the moat and rampart of the whole Slavonic world against the perpetual Tush to the East’— Drang nach Osten—of the German hordes, and the part of Poland with the most West-European character politically, socially, culturally, and economically.” The province called Pomorze ( = sea province) has of recent years had great attention drawn to it in Great Britain and the United States from the fact that Gdynia, Poland’s self-created “wonder-port,” and potentially one of the greatest ports of the world, was (and is, though the Germans now call it Gotenhafen) situated on its small sea front. Nearby is Danzig, a name of romantic interest to the British people since the Middle Ages. Completely Germanized, it is no longer the great port it was two or three years ago when its vital interests were Polish.

Sons of the Eagle

Author(s): Julian Amery / Language(s): English

The author has been sent to Albania as Officer of the British Army. His task: Try to settle down the conflict between Enver Hodsha communist partisans and North-Albanian royalist partisans for a joined fight of the German Wehrmacht-forces in Albania. After the war he wrote this report, describing mainly the North-ALbanian activities, where his contacts had been much stronger.

A kettős kereszt árnyékában

Author(s): Tamás Lang / Language(s): Hungarian

This book presents the background, course, and consequences of the Holocaust in Slovakia. Slovakia was the only country in Europe that voluntarily used its own resources to deport Slovak Jews to the death camps, while paying the German Reich for every Jew deported. The author draws on archival and contemporary press sources, as well as on the literature on the subject, to describe this process, while at the same time also touching on its Hungarian aspects. When describing the tragedy of Slovak Jewry, he does not confine himself to the end of the war, but also addresses the question of the reintegration of the surviving Jews into society and the resurgence of anti-Jewish sentiment in Slovakia after the war.

Pisanje stradanja: knjiga o knjigama: vodič kroz publikacije o Holokaustu

Author(s): Biljana Albahari / Language(s): Serbian

This guide presents a selection of over a hundred books about the Holocaust that were printed in Serbia. Along with appropriate presentations of these books, the guide indicates the most important elements and events related to the Holocaust in occupied Serbia, and follows its unfolding thematically and chronologically; it begins with the burning of books and Kristallnacht in Nazi Germany, through the creation of collection centers, execution grounds, internment and concentration camps, to the tragic effects of the efforts to destroy the Jewish people en masse. The guide also directs us to books about individual destinies, personal and family stories, as well as to historiographical research that bears witness to one of the greatest crimes in the history of mankind. The final part of the guide refers to books dealing with perpetrators of war crimes, righteous people who helped Jewish families survive, interpretations of the Holocaust, and pedagogical work on studying these topics.

Perspektive izučavanja holokausta i genocida

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

A first of its kind, Holocaust and Genocide Study Perspectives brings together texts authored by undergraduates who participated in courses on the Holocaust organized with the support of the Claims Conference. Dealing with the history and forms of representation of the Holocaust in Serbia, anti-Semitism, use of the term genocide and other topics chosen by the authors in the course of attending the courses. The volume is meant to be an annual publication, providing a lasting body of scholarly study of the Holocaust and genocide in Serbia and southeast Europe.