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Aktywizacja polityczna społeczeństwa Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego w wyborach do Reichstagu 1871–1914

Author(s): Szczepan Wierzchosławski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The publication constitutes an analysis of the activation of Poles – citizens of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire residing in the province of West Prussia (Eastern Pomerania) in the elections to the German parliament (Reichstag) in the 19th century (until 1914). On the one hand, it was demonstrated that every contemporary citizen of the German state had equal rights irrespective of their nationality; on the other hand, the author presented the process of shaping the national consciousness of Poles using the law to organize a network of their own electoral committees and elect their Polish representatives to the legislative institutions of that state, in the national rivalry with the German society in Eastern Pomerania. Statistically, a successive increase in activation in this area and its specific results in particular electoral districts were presented, depending not only on nationality statistics, but also on the organization of the electoral campaign and the level of the increasing social, national and political awareness. The article presents the organizational manifestations of the national independence of the Polish society of Eastern Pomerania, which was one of the basic factors justifying the inclusion of this region within the boundaries of the reborn Polish state.

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DEMOGRAFSKE PROMJENE NAKON BERLINSKOG KONGRESA (1878) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Zećir Ramčilović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The Berlin Congress in 1878 ended the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, but above all the revision of the San Stefano peace treaty in order to prevent the spread of Russian influence in the Balkans. Austria - Hungary has been given the mandate to occupy and manage Bosnia and Herzegovina. The planned peaceful occupation was oppressed by the people, and the Austro-Hungarian army was given fierce resistance. Nevertheless, Bosnia is occupied with a large number of forces, but also civilian casualties. Official reports state that Austro-Hungary fulfilled the conditions that it bargained in Berlin, but the reality after the occupation was different from that which was found on the paper. The new administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina has made deep and radical changes in the socio - political system, but above all in the lives of ordinary people. The transition of a society that was going on very slowly and complicated had far-reaching consequences, especially on demographic trends in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demographic changes after 1878 were the result of several factors, primarily the establishment of a new government, a new legal order, a cultural and social transition, and the reorganization of religious life. The centuries-old and, to the greatest extent, the privileged position of Bosnia in the Ottoman Empire was changed to the province of the dual monarchy with the supreme military administrator. The nation was not given the right to participate in the governance of its own country. Every change was pronounced and most often at the expense of the domicile majority Bosniak population. The fact that this period, as in the past, today has a great interest in studying from different points of view, I would like to give a brief review of the demographic changes that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina after its occupation.

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TRAGOM PISANE RIJEČI VJERSKE INTELIGENCIJE BOŠNJAKA U AUSTROUGARSKOM RAZDOBLJU I NJIHOVA PROSVJETITELJSKA ULOGA

Author(s): Edin Veladžić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The paper provides a brief overview of the significance and role of religious intelligence of Bosniaks in the field of affirmation of written texts in the Austro-Hungarian period. An overview of this kind of activity of Bosniak religious intelligence in the Austro-Hungarian period offers us a clearer picture of one important dimension in the process of development of the Bosniak people and challenges of adaptation to the new circumstances in a very turbulent transition period. The "heralds" of the new era, when speaking of the written words of Bosniaks at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, played a significant enlightening role that the previous historical science did not emphasize sufficiently.

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СРБИЈА И АУСТРО-БУГАРСКИ ФРОНТ 1915. ГОДИНЕ (СЕПТЕМБАР–ДЕЦЕМБАР) ИТАЛИЈАНСКА ВОЈНА И ДИПЛОМАТСКА ГРАЂА

Author(s): Fabrizio Rudi / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

The essay tries to reconstruct, in the detail, the general state of the AustroSerbian front after the joining the war of Bulgaria on September 6th, 1915, according to the Italian inedited military documentation. Italy is perfectly aware that Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria are literally persuaded of the intention to break completely the resistance of Serbia, whose military commitment had absolutely to be, in its entirety, addressed toward the Danube and not toward Albania. Italy suggested to Serbia, also through a strict and confidential diplomatic communication, take advantage only of what the 1915 Treaty of London guaranteed him. Italy began to show its military concerns in particular after the Bulgarian conquest of Skopje, and took consciousness that the key of Serbian resistance, at this point, could be just the advantageous relationships with Albania. As like as the other allied Powers, in particular France and Russia, Italy too refrained from intervening in favor of Serbia being already engaged against Austria-Hungary along the Alps. The Entente Powers, in general, were working carefully in order to persuade Rumania and Greece to join them in declaring war to the Central Empires and Ottoman Empire. The naval reparation by Italy and France especially for the ferry of the Serbian Army and Government to Corfu concealed the conditions for future disagreements between Rome and Belgrade. The Italian government, in order to avoid further problems relating to the territorial integrity of Albania, already compromised, prevented the Serbian troops from withdrawing to southern Albania or even partially transferred to Italy since December 1915. The profound reason for this choice had to refer to the intention of the government of Rome to contain the emergence of Serbism in the Adriatic Sea, in derogation of what was agreed in the Treaty of London.

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Далибор Денда, Шлем и шајкача: војни фактор и југословенско-немачки односи (1918–1941)

Author(s): Vladimir Gujaničić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

Dalibor Denda, Helmet and Shajkaca: wars factor and Yugoslav-German relations (1918–1941), Matica srpska, Novi Sad, 2019, 734 pages.

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SPITALUL DIN PORTUL SULINA ŞI EPIDEMIA DE HOLERĂ DIN ANUL 1865

Author(s): Ionuţ-Alexandru DRĂGHICI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

At the beginning of the 19th century cholera arrived to Europe from distant Asia. After the major epidemics that had troubled the European space before, various measures were developed to prevent and stop it. In 1865, because of its strategic position - a gateway to Europe, subject to intense transit that favored the mobility of disease - the Port of Sulina was a meeting point for both epidemic propagation and prevention policies. Local hygienic and sanitary conditions, which often formed the basis of many cases of illness, could not be neglected. There was a need to impose a public health policy at the mouths of the Danube. Therefore, the European Commission established a special hospital in Sulina. It’s activity was part of the coordinates drawn by the ECD regarding the provision and improvement of medical services in the region. These were offered to the city's inhabitants, to Commission staff, and to foreign sailors, who often contracted various diseases or became ill because of poor hygiene onboard ships. However, the hospital’s chief physician, doctor Jellinek, proved, through his medical findings and regulations, the futility of the quarantine system in epidemic situations. Based on his official reports, as well as other archival data, this paper analyzes the ECD's attempt at applying a modern sanitary vision in an unhealthy area.

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ACTIVITATEA SPITALULUI DIN SULINA LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI XIX ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XX

Author(s): Ionuţ-Alexandru DRĂGHICI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

In the late XIXth century, Sulina Harbor was important through its strategic position. It was just a few hours away from Odessa and Constantinople, as well as a gateway to Europe. Therefore, it was a meeting point for both epidemic propagation and prevention policies. The European Commission of the Danube adopted a series of measures that gave a new dimension to public health at the mouths of the river. Combining social and medical models, these were based on the findings and regulations made by doctor Petrescu Hadji Stoica, chief doctor of the ECD Hospital in Sulina, and by Romanian authorities. Our study looks at the hospital’s activity from the end of the XIXth century up to World War One. In this period, it responded to the purpose for which it had been created, offering a growing number of consultations and diverse medical services. This prolific activity is presented in the extensive annual reports prepared by Dr. Stoica since 1890. His records also provided recommendations on improving public health at the mouths of the Danube. After the outbreak of WW1, the ECD experienced difficult times. Both navigation along the Lower Danube and the financial situation of the organization were affected. However, the hospital in Sulina remained busy, given that there were military operations in the region. This paper analyzes the ECD’s attempts to provide medical services to its employees and to local inhabitants. Our main source of information were the annual reports submitted by chief physician Petrescu H. Stoica. Together, the international organization and the Romanian authorities provided not only medical, but also social services, and a series of measures taken during the war gave a new dimension to public health in a strategic hub for the transportation infrastructure of the Danube and the Black Sea.

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Развитие на българското девическо образование в Македония и Одринска Тракия (1878–1912)

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2020

This research focuses on the development of Bulgarian girls' education in the historical and geographical areas of Macedonia and Eastern Thrace after 1878, when they, due to changed political conditions in the Balkans, began processes important for the emancipation of women. It can be noted that the newly built all-girls schools in the areas have a longer life despite a number of difficulties in their functioning. It is not to be forgotten that in the ethnically diverse Macedonian and Eastern Thrace provinces of the Ottoman Empire, the opening of such schools continued to be an expression of local patriotism and an attempt to overcome Greek influence in cities with a rather mixed population. But it is also important to emphasize that during the period under review the Bulgarian population already has its own Exarchate, which primarily focuses on education, including women's. Since the end of the 19th century, Bulgarian all-girls schools have been established in almost all cities, as well as in some larger villages, and a significant victory for women’s education was the founding of the first high schools in Thessaloniki and Edirne. It can be concluded that after 1878 the issue of women’s education was the focus of many women and raised the issue of the women's movement among Bulgarians in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace.

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SARAJEVO KROZ OBJEKTIV FRANTIŠEKA FRANJE TOPIČA

Author(s): Lebiba Džeko / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8-9/2020

This paper discusses one of the most important collections of photographs from the Austro-Hungarian period by František Franjo Topič, a Czech photographer. This collection is stored in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A significant part of this collection are photographs of Sarajevo, around 500 of them, which are divided into thematic units and have a very diverse content. Certain places in the city are often photographed continuously, over a longer period of time, so we are able to follow the phases and changes in the development of the city in the Austrian period through these photographs.

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MUZIČKI ŽIVOT U SARAJEVU 1878-1918.

Author(s): Risto Besarović / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/1974

Parmi les réalisations, effectuées à Sarajevo de 1878 à 1918 dans le domaine de la culture et de l’art, celles qui sont liées avec le développement des concerts et la vie musicale en général, occupent une position très distinguée dans ce domaine, peut-être la plus distinguée. Cela est le résultat de l’effet de plusieurs facteurs. Un d’eux est le soin évident de l’administration austro-hongroise d’occupation d’exercer, pour des raisons précises, une influence la réalisation de certaines formes de la vie culturelle et divertissante et la vie sociale à Sarajevo. Devant le public de Sarajevo, dans la période mentionnée, a défilé un nombre considérable d’artistes reproductifs de musique d’une grande renommée mondiale: des violonistes, des pianistes, des solistes vocaux et d’ensembles. Sarajevo aura une impulsion plus puissante pour le développement de la vie musicale avec l’ouverture du bâtiment du Foyer social en 1899. Un rôle important dans le développement de la vie musicale à Sarajevo a été joué par les sociétés chorales dans la capitale de la Bosnie et Herzégovine (La société chorale des hommes, »Sloga«, »Trebević«, »Lira« et »Proleter«), dont certaines étaient chorales par leur nom, pendant qu’en réalité, elles avaient un diapason de l’activité sociale beaucoup plus large. Commençant leur activité, ces sociétés chorales ont toutes, sans exception, dans cette période, réuni dans leurs rangs le plus grand nombre de réalisateurs du programme des nombreuses soirées musicales à Sarajevo. La contribution de la presse de Sarajevo, quotidienne et périodique, dans la croissance de Sarajevo dans le centre où cette forme de la vie culturelle et divertissante se développe de plus en plus, est également très considérable. Par de nombreux articles de la plume de ses collaborateurs pour la plupart anonymes, la presse de Sarajevo suivait systématiquement non seulement des concerts et d’autres représentations musicales dans l’exécution des artistes du pays et étrangers, mais enregistrait également dans ses pages toutes les initiatives pour le fondement des sociétés chorales et d’autres dans ce domaine, suivant avec attention la réalisation de chacune de ces idées. La contribution de la presse de Sarajevo est très considérable dans la formation du cercle de plus en plus étendu du public des concerts à Sarajevo.

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POZORIŠNO SARAJEVO (1918-1920)

Author(s): Josip Lešić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/1974

(1)A partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, avec l’apparition des premiers théâtres ambulants, il se manifeste le désir d’organiser sur le territoire de Bosnie et Herzégovine un théâtre du pays, permanent et national (Ibrahim Derviš — pacha (1874), Đorđe Peleš (1879), Mihajlo Crnogorčević (1898), »Gusle« de Mostar (1903), Bogoljub Nikolić (1903), Dušan Zorić Dragoš (1906), Le théâtre serbe d’amateurs (1912), Théâtre national (1913). (2) Immédiatement après la première guerre mondiale, le besoin se manifeste de nouveau pour l’ouverture la plus imminente d’un permanent théâtre national. Le metteur en scène Emil Nadvornik, avec un groupe d’acteurs, fonde à Sarajevo le Théâtre populaire (20. IV 1919.), qu’on liquide après quelques mois d’activité intensive. (3) En automne 1919, on forme le Théâtre national de Bosnie et Herzégovine, dirigé par un groupe de cinq metteurs scène (Hajdušković, Novaković, Micić, Dinulović, Vučićević). L’activité de ce théâtre est propagée après Sarajevo dans d’autres villes (Mostar, Stolac, Dubrovnik, Split), et son ensemble de comédiens bien sérieux, présente le noyau artistique du futur Théâtre national à Sarajevo. (4) Les jeunes intellectuels de Sarajevo (Borivoj Jevtić, Jovan Palavestra, Roman Petrovié) s’occupent de théâtre en amateurs, et avec l’assistance des acteurs professionnels préparent des pièces (»Golgotha« de Tucié et »En cherchant le bonheur« de Pšibiševski). (5) Emil Nadvornik organise avec de célèbres acteurs de Slovénie Mario Vera et Milan Skrbinšek des Jeux de théâtre de chambre, et sous l’influence de Maks Rajnhart fait jouer »Hedda Gabier« d’Ibsen et certains autres drames. Au cours de cette période (1918-1920), il est important de mentionner, a propos de la vie de théâtre de Sarajevo, les représentations en tournée de la troupe du Théâtre national de Belgrade et du groupe d’artistes russes, du soi-disant Drame russe.

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JOSIP LEŠIĆ: POZORIŠNI ŽIVOT SARAJEVA (1878-1918) »SVJETLOST«, SARAJEVO 1973.

Author(s): Mira Miljanović / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/1974

Après l’étude »La ville obsédée par le théâtre«, »Svjetlost«, Sarajevo 1969, sur la vie de théâtre à Mostar pendant l’administration austro¬ -hongroise, Josip Lešić continue ses recherches dans le domaine de l’art théâtral de Bosnie et Herzégovine, et publie son étude »La vie de théâtre à Sarajevo« (1878—1918). Dans l’introduction de l’étude, Lešić donne le compte rendu sur le développement historique de l’art théâtral en Bosnie et Herzégovine, à partir du XIV siècle, puis pendant le règne des Turcs jusqu’en 1878, et constate que les premières formes du théâtre moderne apparaissent seulement vers la moitié du XIX siècle et qu’elle a »débuté presque de rien, dans le vide de la torpeur orientale, la vie de théâtre à Sarajevo, dans les dernières années de l’administration austrohongroise a réussi à se rendre égale aux situations dans les théâtres dans les milieux yougoslaves mieux développés, et à s’approcher jusqu’à un certain point aux efforts européens de cette époque«.

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KONGRES EVROPSKIH ARHEOLOGA I ANTROPOLOGA U SARAJEVU U AVGUSTU 1894. GODINE

Author(s): Hamdija Kapidžić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/1966

Mit der Okkupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina (Hercegovina) se¬itens Österreich-Ungarns, im Jahre 1878., brach eine neue Ära in der Gesch¬ichte dieser Lander ein. Bis daher der eurpäischen gelehrten Öffentlichkeit unbekannt, fügen sich Bosnien u. d. Herzegowina immer mehr in das okono- numische und kulturelle System Europa’s ein. Die Okkupationsverwaltung bestrebt sich systematisch, die Bande Bosniens u. d. Herzegowina mit der Doppclmonnrchie, ja sogar die Beziehungen mit dem übrigen Europa zu vertiefen. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein neues wissenschaftliches Centrum ge¬stiftet, wie es das im Monat Februar d. J. 1888 gegründete Landesmuseum war. Bald darauf erscheint im J. 1889 sein »Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja<t ge¬nannter Bote, und schon im J. 1892 beginnt die Wiener Ausgabe desselben in deutscher Sprache unter dem Titel »Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen«. Der Organisator der Okkupationsverwaltung von Bosnien u. d. Herzegowina und ihr Haup(Verwalter Benjamin Kallay. Minister der gemeinsamen Finanzen, war am eifrigsten bestrebt, die zivilisalorische Rolle (Mission) der Doppel¬monarchie in Bosnien und d Herzegowina vor dem Angesicht Europa's bekan¬ntzumachen und zu unterstreichen. Zu diesem Zweck forderte er die Grün¬dung ind die Tätigkeit des Landesmuseums und siener wissenschaftlichen Editionen. Er unterstützte auch die Herausgabe einzelner besonders bedeuten¬der Veröffentlichungen des Landesmuseums. Da Ende des XIX. Jahrhun¬derts in Europa die archäologische und die nntrropologische Wissenschaft eigens geschatzl waren, so war man auch in Bosnien und der Herzegowina meistens um die Ausfindigmachung und die Publikation neuer archäologi¬scher Entdeckungen bemüht. An diesem Werke arbeiteten einige hervorragende Fachleute, deren Resultate sich schon im Anfang bemerkbar machten. Es wurden die neolithische Station von Butmir und eine Siedlung aus dem Eisenalter in Glasinac entdeckt. Man war auch auf anderen Gebieten tätig. Nach der Auffassung Kdllav’s sollte man der europäischen gelehrten Öffentlichkeit die in Bosnien u. d. Herzegowina erzielten Resultate vorzeigen, ihren Urteil vom Werte derselben erlangen und vor der öffentlichen Meinung die in Bosnien u. d. Herzegowina errungenen Resultate starker zum Ausdruck bringen, eine fachmännische Abschätzung ihrer Werte erzielen, lind dadurch wollte er sich noch eindrücklicher als Träger der europäischen Gesittung in einem ehemals entlegenen »WilajeU wie cs Bosnien-Herzegowina gewesen war. Um diesen Zweck zu erreichen, sollte man einen Kongress der euro- paschcn Archäologen und Anthropologen organisieren und zwar in Sarajevo als politischem und Kultur-Cent rum der Okkupationsverwallung. Laut Bes¬chluss der Landesregierung und des Ministers Kallay wurde der erste Arc¬häologenind Anthropologenkongress in Sara jevo (vom 15. bis zum 21. August des Jahres 1894.) einberufen. Am dieser gelehrten Versammlung nahmen teil auserwahlte hervorragende Gelehrte aus mehreren europäischen Landern wie Schweden, Deutschland, England, Schweiz, Frankreich, Italien und der Dop pelmenarchie. Es ist bezeichnend, dass dieser Wissenschaft liehen Versam¬mlung kein einziger Gelehrter aus den slavischen Landern beiwohnte, weder aus Russland noch aus der Habsburger-Monarchie, Im Verlaul des siebentä¬gigen Aufenthaltes in Sarajevo wurden den ausländischen Gelehrten ausneh¬mende Aufmerksamkeiten seitens des Regims erwiesen. Auch der Minister Kallay fand sich an diesen Tagen in Sarajevo ein. Den ausländischen Wissenschaftlern hielt einen Vortrag über die Be¬deutung und Entwicklung des Landesmuscums sein Direktor K. Horman und L. Thailoczy über die Kulturstufen in der Entwicklung Bosniens u. d. Herzegowina. Die erzielten Resultate wurden den Gelehrten auf dem Terrain, in Bul- nrsir und Glasinac, gezeigt. Es ist charakteristisch, dass anlässlich der Exkur¬sionen in die Ausgrabungsorte eine lebhafte wissensehaltliehe Diskussion über die Resultate geführt wurde, 2u denen man gelangt war. So kam man, tatsächlich, durch Diskussionen zu einer sicheren Abschätzung der erzielten archäologischen und anthropologischen Resultate, was die Veröffentlichung besonderer Editionen aus diesem Gebiete zur Folge hatte, wobei speziell eine prachtvoll ausgestattete Ausgabe über die neolithische Station von Butmir hervor ragte.

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OSNIVANJE I PRVE GODINE »BOSANSKE VILE«

Author(s): Todor Kruševac / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/1963

Pokrenuta u Sarajevu samo nekoliko godina po austrougarskoj okupaciji. »Bosanska vila« se kao književni list održala i bez prekida izlazila blizu tri decenije (1885-1914), Njen uspeh iznenađuje i čini se utoliko neobičniji što je u to vreme vek književnih listova i u našim razvijenim sredinama bio bi po pravilu znatno kraći. Izgleda po svemu da su upravo izuzetne izdavačke prilike dale ovom bosanskom listu neka specifična obeležja po kojim a je postao prodoran, a tim i popularan u javnosti. Jedna od ovih osobenosti. važnija od svih drugih, pokazuje jasno da »Bosanska vila« zahvaljuje svoj dugi vek pre svega prisnoj povezanosti koju je od prvih dana, izlazeći pod nepovoljnim političkim prilikama, znala da uspostavi sa širokim krugom čitalačke publike.

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NIKOLA TRIŠIĆ: SARAJEVSKI ATENTAT U SVJETLU BIBLIOGRAFSKIH PODATAKA

Author(s): Todor Kruševac / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/1963

Review of: Nikola Trišić: SARAJEVSKI ATENTAT U SVJETLU BIBLIOGRAFSKIH PODATAKA „Veselin Masleša“«, Sarajevo 1961.

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TODOR KRUŠEVAC: SARAJEVO POD AUSTROUGARSKOM UPRAVOM

Author(s): Milorad Ekmečić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/1963

Review of: Todor Kruševac: SARAJEVO POD AUSTROUGARSKOM UPRAVOM Sarajevo, 1960.

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Организации и обществено-политически изяви на българските студенти в чужбина (1886–1894)

Author(s): Ivan Tanchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

During the period under review in the university centers of Western and Central Europe consolidated and developed the already established Bulgarian student societies, such as “Fraternity” in Geneva, “Fraternity” in Paris, etc. New ones were also established, among which stood out the “Fraternity” society in Lausanne and the “Balkan” society in Vienna. Organizations of a purely mutual benefit character also emerged. A new phenomenon were the socialist organizations set up by Bulgarian students at the West European university centers. The situation in Russia, governed by police methods, was totally different: the organizations created previously discontinued their existence; the attempt to form a student fund also failed. Changes took place also in the socio-political manifestations of the students. Their accent now was put on Bulgarians internal political development - for example the campaign against the amendment to the Constitution. The students on the whole shaped an independent line of conduct. At first, they backed Premier St. Stambolov, believing that he personified the country’s defence against external danger and its independent development. Later, when the regime grew ever more dictatorial and the need for Bulgaria’s democratization came to fore, a negative attitude to the former idol took shape. Specific were the activities of the socialist students - an ideological, doctrinaire orientation was characteristic of them. The most essential change in the organizational and socio-political development of the Bulgarian students during the period under review was the split on an ideological basis. The socialist students did not remain alien to the conspiratorial methods of action and instead of nationalism embraced nihilism and internationalism.

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Гербът на Южна България (1886-1908)

Author(s): Stoyan Antonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

The author gives a detailed description of the coat of arms of South Bulgaria which is almost unknown in Bulgaria and about which practically nothing is written in the prestigious publications of professional heralds. The absence of popularity of this armorial bearing is due both to the short period of its use and because heraldry does not occupy a serious place in scientific life owing to the five centuries of statelessness and the destruction of the Bulgarian aristocratic families after Bulgaria’s fall under Ottoman slavery. In spite of that, the coat of arms of South Bulgaria is a fact in the Bulgarians, though short, heraldic tradition and it elucidates the historical development of certain coats of arms and the influence of European heraldry on Bulgaria.

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Митрополит Григорий, Доростолски и Червенски (1872–1898). Документален сборник, Русе, 1998. 315 с.

Author(s): Elena Hadjinikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

Book Review

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Паричната криза „сребърни рубли“ в България

Author(s): Ninel Kiosseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2000

The first financial crisis in the monetary history of the Third Bulgarian State is examined in the article. The methodological basis of the research is the quantitative theory of money in its neoliberal variant. The highest indicative value of the agio between gold and silver is justified from the viewpoint of the accepted methodological positions. The crisis changes in the Bulgarian monetary system and money standard are shown. Special attention is paid to the monetary policy of the Bulgarian governments in the period before and during the crisis. The changes in Bulgarian National Bank and the credit terms made during its years are justified by the struggle against the crisis, are examined and their effectiveness is assessed.

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