СЈЕДИЊЕНЕ АМЕРИЧКЕ ДРЖАВЕ И ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЈА САРАДЊЕ ВАНБЛОКОВСКИХ ДРЖАВА

Author(s): Dragan Bogetić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2002

The USA strategy development towards non-aligned countries represents the union of continuity and changes. The continuity is shown in efforts to strengthen its own positions and interests as much as possible in the non-aligned movement due to further consolidation of political, militaristic, economic and technological leadership of the USA in the world. The changes are manifested in the valuation system of the non-aligned politics and its role in the modern world. The attitude of the USA to the non-alignment went from the period of denying the international orientation of non-aligned countries at the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, followed by the period of disregard, up to the beginning of the 1970s, as well as by the confrontation with non-aligned countries, „the third block” that had carried out the „tyranny of the majority”, to the tacit acknowledgment of the non-alignment, but with the further confrontation with non-aligned countries (up to the Carter’s government). Eventually, it entered the phase of public acknowledgment and advocacy for the cooperation with nonaligned countries at the end of the 1970s. In the 1980s, the USA began to flow towards the gradual exclusion of the non-aligned movement from the international scene, by its neutralization and submissiveness, which certainly represented the picture of the complete crash of the non-aligned politics and the marginalization of the non-aligned movement role in the modern world.

СЈЕДИЊЕНЕ АМЕРИЧКЕ ДРЖАВЕ И РАЗБИЈАЊЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ

Author(s): Slobodan Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2000

In this article author analizes reasons for engagement of United States in disintegrating of second Yugoslavia. These are: firstly, unwillingness of authorities in Belgrade to fall within American sphere of influence; second, inssiting of Serbian political leadership on continuation of building of socializm; third, yugoslavian crisis provided very good pretext for continual existance of NATO; fourth, giving of pedagogical leason to disobayed regimes in the world; fifht, meeting the Turkish interests as a regional power and member of NATO aimed toward the East; sixt, demonstrating of US strategy to asure leading role in the world. Those are key reasons why United States broke 45 year old maintaining of teritorial integrity of Yugoslavia.

Сталинская модернизация и советская интеллигенция

Author(s): Oleg Vasilyevich Zolotarev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article investigates the position of the Soviet intelligentsia from the point of view of its role in public life of the USSR in 1930—1940-s. Analyzed are the questions of state policy in relation to intelligentsia, its forms, methods, changes; shown are the reasons of changes.

СТАЉИНОВИ ПОКЛОНИ - ТЕМАТИКА ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКОГ ИГРАНОГ ФИЛМА 1945-1955

Author(s): Goran Miloradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2002

The mass interest that movies attracted made film an extremely important means of influencing public opinion in Yugoslavia. As a result, the party-run state strove to keep the film industry under rigid control. In the first decade following World War II the Yugoslav film reflected the state’s new policy of turning towards the West, gradually drawing away from socialist realism and adopting Hollywood-style forms of propaganda. Although for reasons of foreign policy Yugoslav communists had veered towards the West in the beginning of the fifties, they had not done much to introduce democracy in the country’s internal relations. The appearance of new and more liberal trends in art drew criticism and repression. Modern themes were undesirable despite their authors’ unreserved loyalty to the Party because they inevitably disturbed the mythic perception of reality that the Party had endeavored to create. Because of its importance in forming the perception of the masses film-making was entrusted only to individuals who had proven themselves beyond doubt both ideologically and politically. Despite the rigid rule exercised over the ‘brotherly’ nations of Yugoslavia such deviations occurred which cannot be ascribed to coincidence or to individual digressions but are more likely to have been the result of some form of political pluralism. The fact that this pluralism appeared within a specific single-party system makes this phenomenon even more interesting and its consequences more complex. The critical spirit managed to survive and grow in art despite state and party control and overt political pressure, occasionally producing outstanding works. Film quite frequently preceded other forms of art in this respect.

СТАТУС ХАТНЬОЇ РОБІТНИЦІ В УРБАНІЗОВАНОМУ СОЦІУМІ УКРАЇНИ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

Author(s): Myroslav Borysenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The article is devoted to the study of the status of maids in the conditions of the urbanized space of Ukraine at the first half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the connection social status and household development at the first half of the twentieth century. The author analyses the economic and political status of domestic workers according to their household environment. The author uses anthropological approaches in his study, which is typical of the history of everyday life. The article is dedicated to unfamiliar problem in Ukrainian history science. The author explores social status of invisible social group – the servants. It is first attempt to describe the ordinary life of Ukrainian maids as a separately strata of society. In those time women has not opportunity to find good job in the city and they have been oppressed and unequal. Home working was one of the not numerous way for women adoption in the not hospitality cites. Many maids worked illegally without any agreement and it was a first reason for the conflicts. The servants have not own dwelling and they lived in apartments with employers. Servants have going more power in home space but them social rank in public space was too low. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography the status of domestic workers in Ukraine in the interwar period was considered. The author first demonstrated the difference between the wages of domestic workers in large and small cities. Also, in the article on the basis of archival materials, for the first time, is reflected the social character of employers in domestic work in Soviet Ukraine. The author also is substantiated his vision of the causes of the decline of the Institute of domestic workers in Ukraine. Conclusions: The article shows the lack of fundamental research on the problems of domestic work in modern Ukrainian historical science. Also in the work proved that workers in industrial cities were the main consumers of services of maids. The main reason for the low social status of maids was their ambivalent position in society and family.

Стилістичні особливості балетних вистав другої половини XX століття на прикладі творчості Валерія Ковтуна

Author(s): Viktoriia Kondratiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 32/2017

The object of the research aims to identify the stylistic features of performances in the history of ballet art of Ukraine in the second half o f the twentieth century in examples of the works of Valery Kovtun. Methodology of research is to apply analytical, art, chronological methods that you can explore the features ballet master Valery Kovtun activities and organize a coherent picture reproduction choreographic culture of the second half of the twentieth century. Scientific novelty based on the generalization and systematization of the whole picture of the reproduction choreographic culture in the second half of the twentieth century; analysis of the literature of choreographic culture in cultural, art aspect; clarify obscure facts about the work of Valery Kovtun; identifying features activities Valery Kovtun ballet master in Opera and Ballet of Ukraine.

СТІННІ ГАЗЕТИ ЯК РІЗНОВИД РАДЯНСЬКИХ БАГАТОТИРАЖНИХ ВИДАНЬ (20-30 рр. ХХ ст.)

Author(s): Olha Vakulchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of the article is to characterize wall newspapers as a forerunner and form of a particular type of Soviet periodicals – mass-circulation newspapers that appeared in the 1920s and developed in the 1930s in the printed media of the USSR and the UkrSSR during the formation of the totalitarian system. The methodology of the paper is formed by the principle of historicism along with such methods as historical and chronological, comparative, source analysis, and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the paper results in the fact that the study of wall newspapers as a type of Soviet periodicals is carried out for the first time. Conclusions. Wall newspapers as a phenomenon of the Soviet era and operational media emerged in the 1920s and had favorable growth conditions in the 1930s in the printed media of the USSR and the UkrSSR inspired by the ideological scenario of the Soviet government. Supporting the development of wall newspapers, the Soviet government used this type of periodical as an instrument influencing the formation of the consciousness of the Soviet people. It was promoted as a form of activity aimed at creating a socialist state and “socialist democracy” and contributing to the strengthening and cohesion of teams to perform work tasks. The great popularity of wall newspapers in the context of the formation of a totalitarian regime was explained by their strong connection with the collectives issuing these newspapers. Despite the need to comply with ideological principles, wall newspaper contained information about the daily living of collectives, including critical, humorous, and satirical texts related to their lives, as well as significant illustrative material.

СТОЈКО СТОЈКОВ: ТАБУ, ВРЕМЕ НА СТРАВ И СТРАДАЊЕ, ПРОГОНУВАЊЕТО НА МАКЕДОНЦИТЕ ВО БУГАРИЈА ВО ВРЕМЕ НА КОМУНИЗМОТ (1944 – 1989) Сандански: Дружество на репресираните Македонци в България, 2014, 550.

Author(s): Verica Josimovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2015

СТРАДАЛИ ПРИПАДНИЦИ НОВЈ ИЗ УЖЕ СРБИЈЕ ПРЕМА ПОПИСУ „ЖРТВЕ РАТА 1941 - 1945”

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2003

This work is an attempt to present the sufferings of those citizens of Serbia proper who supported the resistance movement led by the communists and who participated actively in the units of NLAY, based on the partly done revised register “War victims, 1941-1954” done in 1964. Due to the fact that the analysis is based on a great sample covered by the register, a clear picture of sufferings of this part of population is obtained. Killed NLAY members make 39,79% of all the killed inhabitants of Serbia proper, with the proportion to killed civilians being 1:1,44. During the last 2 years of the War, 83,15% of all the partisans from Serbia proper lost their lives. The national structure of those who were killed shows that with 90,43% of inhabitants, the Serbs make 97,04% of killed partisans, Serbian partisans make 20,55% of all killed partisans of Yugoslavia and the Serbs among them make 35,82% of killed Serbs in NLAY orders. The social-economic structure shows that the most numerous among them were agriculturists, 73%, and workers, small craftsmen and merchants, along with pupils, students, clerks, freelancers, in the first 3 years that were critical for the movement, contributed to its existence, participating with 46%-53% among the killed.

Странстващи идеи по пътищата на хуманитаристиката. Изследвания по фолклористика, културна антропология и славистика в чест на доц. д-р Катя Михайлова. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“. Т. 1, 2020. Т. 2, 2021

Author(s): Albena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Book review

СТУДИЈСКИ ПРОЈЕКАТ ДЈЕЛА »ИСТОРИЈА САВЕЗА КОМУНИСТА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ«

Author(s): Zdravko Antonić,Drago Borovčanin,Ilijas Hadžibegović,Nedim Šarac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 18/1981

Мада je до сада историја КПЈ и радничког покрета била предмет доста бројних научних, публицистичких и мемоарских дјела и других радова, још увијек немамо цјеловиту научну обраду ове значајне историјске материје. Преглед историје СКЈ који je објављен 1963. године и друга слична дјела одиграла су својевремено значајну улогу и изазвала висок степен интересовања шире јавности за револуционарну прошлост наших народа, У међувремену осјетно су потребе и захтјеви нашег друштва, a и историјска наука je на том плану остварила видна нова достигнућа, тако да данас постоје повољнији услови и веће могућности за потпуније и темељитије освјетљавање историје КПЈ и радничког покрета.

Судьба и жизнь Христины Кротковой

Author(s): Vjacheslav Nechaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1997

Может быть, в этих строках ее художническое исповедание. Здесь раскрывается также и символ заголовка „Белым по черному“. Белое - это дух, а черное - мир как материал, сырье (дерево, камень, руда). Удаются ей также свободные размеры без рифм, например, интересная Баллада о Маяке, от которого исходит „честный, чистый, четкий свет, идущий, понимаешь? - прямо к сердцу. Нелегко установить поэтическую традицию Кротковой. Но есть у нее сродство с Цветаевой и дальше с Каролиной Павловой, сказавшей, что „поэзия - мое святое ремесло„

Сценография и драматургия на насилието. Комунистическият режим и отричането на асимилацията на мюсюлманите в България

Author(s): Nurie Muratova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the process of forced assimilation of Pomacs and Turks in the 1970s-80s and the denial of the violence by the communist regime in Bulgaria. Three cases have been presented in which the regime uses the same prepared individuals and prepared situations aimed at deceiving the global public about the violent Bulgarisation and persecution of the religious beliefs of Muslims. The preparation for the reception of external guests is carried out according to the rules of theatrical production, with its dramaturgy and stage design. The execution in all three cases was accompanied by confusing situations and failures, ultimately failing to deceive the participants. The three cases were provoked by publications in the world press about these events. The first was a visit by Moammar Gaddafi with a delegation to Bulgaria in 1978, the second was a visit by the The Arab Conference Contact Group in 1987 and the third was the making of a film about Muslims in Bulgaria by the German communist journalist of Turkish origin Kamil Taylan in 1986.

Съветският модел в българската икономика. Основни проблеми, идеи и перспективи на изследване

Author(s): Iliana Marcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

The article analyses all available English-language, Soviet, Bulgarian and contemporary Russian studies dealing with the question of the Soviet model and its application to the Bulgarian economy. They stem from different fields of scientific knowledge and constitute different ways of interpreting the problems of the most recent history. An Attempt is made to sift out what is valuable in the accumulated economic, politological, sociological and historical works, examining the view of the indicated groups of authors on the nature of the model, the causes for and circumstances of its imposition, the methods and mechanisms of its application, evaluation of its adequacy and productivity in Bulgarian conditions. The survey of the contemporary treatment of this theme which projects the wider scientific problems of the relationship between politics and economics, the ratio of the internal to the external factor, of the intrinsic value and the contribution to history, makes it possible to discover new methodological reference points of study. The peculiar balance-sheet of the accumulations in science and the clashes of different views in it, compared with newly discovered documents make it possible to outline the future prospects of research.

Съветското икономическо проникване в България след Втората световна война

Author(s): Gospodinka Nikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

The theory of the penetration explains the devices in the international economic relations. In the present study an attempt was made to apply this theory regarding the Bulgaro-Soviet economic relations that played a very important role in the newest Bulgarian history.For that purpose some general theoretical explanations were given concerning the core of the theory and the process of the Soviet economic penetration in Bulgaria is followed. Especially for our country it was favoured by several factors – the agreement among the great powers for spheres of influence, the Bulgarians status as a vanquished country, its international isolation, the close ties with the USSR of the ruling communist elite, that always held the soviet model as its own standard. The proses began actively with the signing of the Moscow agreement for armistice and was completed by the 50s. It passed through several stages. At first the international trade of the country was entirely connected with the USSR. The foreign presence was limited and the road to the penetration of Soviet technologies was opened. The series of trials and investigations organized by Stalin against some well known party apparatchiks aimed the imposition of a direct control over the country. After the death of Stalin, under the guidance of COMECON the formation of the so called international socialist division of labour was initiated and the Bulgarian economy became a part of it. It was organically connected with the Soviet economic potential. By the end of the study, a general estimation was given to the controversial results for Bulgarian of the process of the Soviet economic penetration.

СЪВРЕМЕННАТА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА МИГРАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ МЮСЮЛМАНИ

Author(s): Sonia Hinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article is scrutinizing the causes and dynamic, but mainly the consequences form the economic migration on the Bulgarian Muslims. This influence is presented through its diverse impact among the different subgroups of the Bulgarian Muslims – ethnic Turks, Bulgarian- speaking Muslims (divided according their own self-determination on Bulgarians, Pomaks and Muslims) and Muslims form the ghettos (according their own self-determination predominantly Turks, but also Romas). Here are analyzed the Muslims preferences for some particular countries as a season-work or long-term employment destination. The study places particular emphasis on the influence of the immigrant communities over the religious and ethnic identity of the Bulgarian Muslims. This context makes possible the outlining of the substantial differences among the diverse subgroups of Bulgarian Muslims as well as the different perspective for “import” of ideas and specific practices.

ТIТО I JUGOSLOVENSKA MISAO

Author(s): Enver Redžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/1985

Poslije veoma duge ere odvojenog života jugoslovenski narodi su u prvom svjetskom ratu vidjeli i dobili šansu da ostvare svoje viševjekovne istorijske težnje: nacionalno oslobođenje i ujedinjenje u zajedničku jugoslovensku državu. Završetak rata potvrdio je realizam nacionalno-političkog programa predstavnika srpske vlade i Jugoslovenskog odbora u emigraciji, koji je dobio svoj državni oblik 1. decembra 1918. godine proglašenjem Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca.

Тайните деца на граничната зона. Домовете за деца с увреждания в Благоевградски окръг през 60-те години на ХХ в.

Author(s): Kristina Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the activities of two closed institutions for children with disabilities in Southwestern Bulgaria in the 1960s, located in former border zones in the difficult-to-access mountain area. The living conditions, the qualifications of the staff, the work of adolescents in agriculture and the production of drawing pins, the communication barriers with parents and the outside world are presented. The documents of the two insitutions show that there were significant differences in the care of children between the single social homes for children with disabilities in Bulgaria. Located in the close conditions of spatial remoteness and the border zone, in unsuitable buildings of former border posts, the differences in the care of children in the two institutions are due to a very large extent to the different attitudes of staff and management towards children and work. But even in the best case, as it is in the home for children with severe disabilities from 3 to 10 years of age in the village of Debochitsa, the achievements of the staff were primarily reduced to improvements in the environment, care for hygiene and nutrition and educational activities with the most ‘promising’ children. In the preserved sources, children and adolescents had no names, no biographies, no faces (no photographs left), no voice. They were seen above all as bodies with physical needs, and grown adolescents as labor force. Scientific discourse in the 1950s and 1960s stressed the developmental deficits of these children and emphasized their difference' and not their abilities. This contributed to their spatial separation and isolation from other children and from the social life.

ТАЙНЫЕ ПРУЖИНЫ СОВЕТСКОЙ ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ

Author(s): M.G. Meerovitch / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article considers the origins of the Stalin’s industrialization programme. The author proves that the industrialization program was based primarily on the aims to create a powerful military-industrial establishment. The article disproves the myth that industrialization was aimed at the Soviet people welfare improvement. The author postulates the forced character of industrial new buildings peopling with the working staff. The bases for political division of the country reformation are revealed.

Театральна культура Запоріжжя: шляхи становлення (радянський період)

Author(s): Olexandr Antonenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 32/2017

To consider the process of establishing and detailing little-known facts from the history of Zaporizhzhya theatrical culture development within the chronology of the Soviet period. Methodology. The methodology of the research consists in applying the method of source study analysis, cultural and historical approaches. Scientific Novelty. For the first time analyzed the process o f formation and development of the dramatic culture of Zaporizhzhya of the Soviet period. Introduced into the scientific circulation of archival materials that enrich the knowledge about the different aspects of the development o f theatrical culture of the region. Conclusions. The process of formation of the theater of the Zaporizhzhya region began with amateur theater associations in the early twentieth century.