Сатирическое наследие И. Ильфа и Е. Петрова вчера и сегодня

Author(s): Wanda Supa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2012

The article discusses the reception of the satirical dilogy of Ilf and Pietrow’s Twelve Chairs and Golden Calf with the consideration of the ideological and cultural context of particular periods, as well as carries out (with reference to contemporary literature) a detailed analysis of the most important aspects of satirical imagery. The analysis includes conditions for the development of satire in the Soviet period, the concept of the characters, the plot, the type of humor, the style and language of dilogy, and its relationship with the literary tradition. According to the author, the reason for the long-term popularity of this literary work lies in its linking of contemporary imagery with timeless universal values. In addition, the article briefly discusses satirical tales and short stories of the literary duo mentioned in the title of the article.

САЩ и раждането на българската опозиция след Втората световна война – „Случаят“ Мейнард Барнс и Никола Петков

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2013

After 1989, the name of Nikola Petkov became a symbol of resistance against the authority of the Communist Party. The article is an attempt at an unbiased look at the evolution of his political behavior which occurred in 1944–1945. N. Petkov was a supporter of the Fatherland Front and minister in the government that came to power with the coup on September 9, 1944,but then he became the leader of the strongest opposition party, confronting his yesterday’sallies – the communists. The study traces the facts about this choice of N. Petkov both his personal position and in terms of US policy to Bulgaria at the end of World War II.

Сб. Исследования по истории СССР. 1917-1991. Составители В, Моулис, 3. Сладек и Э. Воранек.

Author(s): Vladimír Goněc / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1996

Review of: "Studies on the history of the USSR. 1917-1991." Authors B, Moulis, 3. Sladek and E. Voranek; Prague, 1993.239 p. by: Vladimír Goněc

Светът на мегамитовете

Някои политически и историографски митове на XX век

Author(s): Plamen Tzvetkov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Myth and mythology may be defined as an attempt of the human being to put some order in the way of perceiving the surrounding world that appears as chaos. However, those who want to justify their absolute power by a simple and self-evident explanation can easily manipulate this longing for myths, the more so as myth is also a kind of fairy tale. On the other hand, a lie is never hundred percent untrue: it is a combination of obvious facts with half-truths and with sheer untruths.

Светът през XX век

Author(s): Plamen Tzvetkov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Ignorance towards world history can lead to severe distortions in the national psyche. Even today, Bulgarians either rejoice as the greatest nation, surrounded by enemies, for some reason, or as a hopelessly lagging nation. The book offers the most fateful events and processes from the history of mankind in the twentieth century. During this century, people entered space, found the computer but at the same time faced the threat of nuclear self-destruction and were struck by a new type of plague known as AIDS. The planet became narrow. Clothing, life-style and food are uniform. The globalization, symbolized by both McDonald's fast food and Chinese restaurants, has its furious opponents, but also enthusiastic followers. Current Handbook aims to acquaint students with those historical events and processes in the history of Europe and the world in the twentieth century that directly impact human civilization, and the beginning of the 21st century. Therefore, the approach is not typical for historical science - events and processes are not chronologically but problem-based considered.

СЕЛО У ПОЛИТИЦИ КОМУНИСТИЧКE ПАРТИЈE ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ У ПЕРИОДУ ОД 1919. ДО 1929. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Nikola Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11-12/1976

Im Artikel wird die allgemeine Politik der KPJ gegenüber dem Dorf und dem Bauerntum, seit ihrer Gründung 1919, bis zum Jahr 1929 erörtert. Damit werden die Standpunkte der KPJ in Anbetracht der Agrarverhältnisse und der sozial-politischen Einstellung des Bauerntums, sowie die propagandistischen und politischen Massnahmen und Aktionen überhaupt, die von der KPJ im Kampf für das Bauerntum als ersten und wichtigsten Verbündeten des Proletariates, in Betracht gezogen.

Семейството в житейските разкази на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Zhenja Pimpireva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article is devoted to the role of life stories in the study of the family of theBessarabian Bulgarians. The eyewitnesses’ stories (or the stories of their loved ones)contain various appreciations, experiences, feelings, values, and meanings whichallow the reconstruction of their world. The study is based on the life stories collectedduring field ethnographic expeditions conducted in 2009-2010 in villages witha predominant or significant Bulgarian population in the Republic of Moldova andUkraine.The life stories are an invaluable source for the study of the Bessarabian familyin traditional and contemporary perspective. Sharing them requires a climate of trustbetween the respondents and the researcher. The life stories represent a collection ofselected facts and episodes, in which many hidden, suppressed and forgotten thingsremain beyond the narrative. Because of their subjective character, the family is representedin an estimative and emotional way enabling the identification of the trendsin its development and the judgement of its values and morals.

Сигурност или съветизация, локален конфликт или епизод от голямата война? (Съветско-финландската война 1939–1940 през погледа на двама български дипломати)

Author(s): Petya B. Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

A couple of reports of the Bulgarian plenipotentiaries in USSR Nikola Antonov and Todor Hristov about the Soviet-Finnish war are presented in the article. In them the perception of the two Bulgarian diplomats about this two-way war conflict in Northern Europe is described, as well as the information, which they are able to gather through the diplomatic channels, about the development of the conflict and about the mood of those governing in Moscow and in Stockholm during the intensive months of the war. Without presenting new, still unknown to the history facts, they manage, in a very interesting way and in detail, to convey the atmosphere of the crucial processes of that winter and they help the researcher get a very clear idea about what has happened, almost as if he was there in person. Even with the whole subjectivity of the claims and the points of view in the reports, as well the possible mistakes and omissions, they could help the future researchers to better understand and explore the position of the countries with conflicted interests on the northern flank of Europe during the already started World War II.

Сиповска концепција југословенске спољне политике: ДСИП у средишту унутарпартијских спорења

Author(s): Petar Žarković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

This paper analyses the phenomenon of SIP conception of Yugoslav foreign policy at the beginning of the 1960s. By examining some of the crucial reasons for polarization of Yugoslav communist party and certain dilemmas of Yugoslav foreign policy, this paper is trying to explain main reasons for the gap between the main party organs and the State Secretariat for Foreign Affairs (Sekreterijat inostranih poslova - SIP)

Системата на Станиславски и социалистическият реализъм

Author(s): Rumiana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article is part of a study on Bulgarian theatre under socialism. It focuses on the imposition of the doctrine of Socialist Realism as an official art style in theatrical productions. Using documents, the paper seeks to establish when and how this has happened. It presents also the tenets of Socialist Realism. When Socialist Realism was imposed onto theatrical productions, this created a need for certain methods providing specific instructions not only for casts and directors, but also for stagings as a whole. Stanislavski’s system proved to be the right method. The article traces how Stanislavski’s system has been presented and imposed on Bulgarian theatre. The paper arrives at the conclusion that communist authorities used a simplified, expanded, and ideologically interpreted version of Stanislavski’s work in order to establish Socialist Realism as the only acceptable method of staging.

Систематизацията на селата в Румъния и селищните системи в България: сравнителен поглед към териториалното планиране в регионалната политика през късния комунистически период

Author(s): Aleksander Vezenkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Системна парадигма и историческо сравнение. Случаят на „Социалистическата система“ на Янош Корнай

Author(s): Ádám Takács / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

СМЕРТЬ СТАЛИНА, СМЕРТЬ БЕРУТА И ПОЛЬСКОЕ «КУЛЬТУРНОЕ ЗАПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ»*

Author(s): Andrzej de Lazari / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

Каждое «Я» «программируется» генетикой, но также культурой — сначала семейной, потом школьной, среды, в которой вращается, книг, ко- торые читает (или не читает), телевидения, кото- рое смотрит (или же не смотрит) и т. д. Поляки и русские иначе «культурно запрограммированы» — другие книги читали, другие бабушкины рассказы слушали.

Советская архитектура и Запад: открытие и ассимиляция западного опыта в советской архитектуре конца 1950-х – 1960-х годов

Author(s): Olga Yakushenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This article deals with the impact of western architecture on Soviet architecture during and after the Thaw and Nikita Khrushchev’s reforms in the spheres of architecture and construction. By the late 1950s international postwar modernism became an official Soviet architectural style. The article explains how Soviet architects discovered and learned this new style: through magazines and books, both translated and in their original languages; through business and tourist trips abroad; and through personal connections and official channels. The main argument is that in the 1960s Soviet architecture became embedded in an international system of architecture but at its far periphery. Moreover, the visual westernizing make over of Soviet architecture did not change its inner structure and has rather negative implications for the perception and evaluation of the architectural legacy of the post-Stalin era.

Советская действительность сквозь призму aнекдота (лингвокультурологический аспект)

Author(s): Jarosław Wierzbiński / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2016

The paper describes the Soviet reality on the material of the texts of anecdotes. The author presents the thematic diversity of situational contexts in anecdotes as well as some specific lexical, grammatical and stylistic aspects of anecdote as the characteristic features of the epoch. Cross-cultural parallels shown in the article emphasize the specific aspects of Russian mentality of that time.

СОВЕТСКИЙ ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭНТУЗИАЗМА МОЛОДЫХ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ (50-е годы 20 века)

Author(s): Zakish Sadvokassova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

Almost quarter of a century passed as Soviet Union disappeared from the world political map. Consequently, party that played “leading and guiding” role in society, its reserve “Lenin’s komsomols” and other public organizations stopped functioning. They left their own traces in the history, as every event related to the Soviet past took place under their supervision. Good or bad, positive or negative, brought good or evil all of their actions are assessed by the contemporaries. All-Union constructions, located in almost all of the Soviet Republics refer to them. There are several objects constructed in different historical periods in Kazakhstan. They were important in implementation of economical politics of the government. The Soviet government was able to implement enthusiasm of young generation.This article illuminates events associated with development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan and construction of Karaganda Steel Plant. The young generation contributed significantly and responded for these two callings of party of 1950th with enthusiasm and belief in bright future of communism.

СОВЕТСКОЕ, ЗНАЧИТ ИВАНОВСКЕ (ЕКСПОЗИЦИЯ «КОММУНИЗМ + КОММУНА= КОММУНАЛКА»В ДОМЕ-МУЗЕЕ ПЕРВОГО СОВЕТА)

Author(s): Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2016

Заштатный город Иваново (в 1871-1932 годах Иваново Вознесенск) уже к моменту основания представлял собой крупный текстильный центр («русский Манчестер», как назвал его академик В. П. Безобразов), превышавший по числу жителей губернский Владимир. Во время всеобщей заба- стовки в 1905 году в нём был создан Совет уполномоченных от фабрик. Именно это событие стало во многом определяющим для города в течение большей части ХХ столетия: за последние без малого сто лет его позиционирование осуществлялось с помощью таких маркеров как «красный Манче- стер», «кузница пролетарских кадров», «третья пролетарская столица», «родина Первого Совета». К идеологически заряженным репрезентациям следует добавить ещё две — «столица текстильного края» и «город невест».

Советско-югославские отношения и внутренополитическая ситуaция в венгрии в условиях кризиса 1956 г.

Author(s): Aleksandr S. Stikalin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The rapprochement between the USSR and Yugoslavia after Stalin’s death influenced the relations between Belgrade and all the Soviet satellites. Hungary (as well as Bulgaria and especially Albania) was the case when the normalization of the relations with Yugoslavia went on with considerable difficulties. In a paper based on archival sources the author tries to reveal the reasons of troubles (the role of Rákosi regime in the anti-Yugoslav campaign after 1948 and the distrust of Belgrade to the Hungarian ruling communist elite, the situation with the Yugoslav minorities in Hungary, mutual financial claims and especially the activities of the Yugoslav diplomats in Hungary, their contacts with the inner-party reformist opposition, very active after the 20th Congress of the CPSU). It was Moscow which influenced both sides to meet one another – in spite of the fact that since mid-1956 the Soviet side expressed more anxiety about the attractiveness of the Yugoslav model for East-European communists as the alternative to the Soviet model. The author assesses the role of the Yugoslav model as an example for Hungarian communist reformers and reveals the complicated reaction of Tito and his team to the Hungarian revolution. The case of the prime minister Imre Nagy, who took refuge in the Yugoslav Embassy in Budapest on 4 November, the day of the Soviet intervention in Hungary, and the new complications in the Soviet-Yugoslav relations after the revolution, as well as the problem of the Hungarian refugees in Yugoslavia since late 1956, provoked new difficulties in the Hungarian-Yugoslav inter-state relations. Most of the Hungarian communist elite (not only radical Stalinists, but the persons from Kádár’s team) looked at the Tito’s regime with mistrust. On the other side, the inconsistent policy of Tito’s regime towards the Hungarian revolution resulted to some extent in the discredit of the Yugoslav model in Hungary among the reformers. Nevertheless, both Belgrade and Budapest wanted to avoid the situation of 1948, tried to normalize the relations between two neighbouring countries equally interested in close economic ties and peace at the frontiers. The support of infl uential Tito and his team was especially important for Kádár in his desire to find a way from isolation. Even the death sentence for Imre Nagy in June 1958 did not affect the relations between Belgrade and Budapest in the long run.

Совјетска помоћ међународном признању Народноослободилачког покрета на крају Другог светског рата

Author(s): Milan Terzić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

There is no doubt about the help USSR lent to the People’s Liberation Movement in the struggle for international recognition of changes which came about in Yugoslavia during WWII. USSR and its leader Stalin were not willing to side unreservedly with the Communist movement in Yugoslavia since they didn’t want to spoil their relations with the Western Allies. They were directing the Yugoslav Communists to reach a compromise with the royal Yugoslav government. As shown by the partisan military diplomacy, it was through a compromise that the common government (the National Committee of Liberation of Yugoslavia and the royal Yugoslav government) was built at the end of the war. However, one shouldn’t forget the independence of the Yugoslav movement and its leader J.B. Tito. The autochthonous Yugoslav military power which developed during the war in Yugoslavia, deserves special mention. The Yugoslav leader J.B. Tito learned exactly at that time what the interests of the world politics were. He would prove his self–assuredness later on by clashing with Stalin and USSR and by putting into question the unity of the Communist East.

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ СТАЛИНИЗМА: МЕЖДУ НОВЫМИ ПОДХОДАМИ И АРХАИЧНЫМИ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯМИ

Author(s): Oksana Ermolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7(176)/2018

The article analyzes two recent scholarly works by prominent American historians in the field of the Soviet history. Contextualizing them within contemporary American historiography of Stalin’s Russia, it demonstrates that they combine recent methodology with the traditional, even archaic, interpretations. Further on, the article contemplates upon their use of the methodology of the earlier generations of Soviet historians, and upon recent trends as well as general tendencies in the field. In particular, the article juxtaposes the contemporary, postmodernist and poststructuralist approach of Yuri Slezkine, based on the studies of the “Soviet subjectivity” through the analysis of literary works, with his rather traditional generalizations and discusses the common features between them accordingly. In the second work under analysis, Stephen Kotkin attempts to create a new biography of Joseph Stalin through deep and detailed analysis of his political and personal surroundings. However, eventually he offers a rather simplified version of the Soviet history of the 1930s, where major events and processes of the 1930s are viewed through the lens of “Stalin vs.Hitler” history and explained with the help of the outdated conceptions.