Jugoslawien - Unheilbare Krankheit
Mit viel Applaus wurde die Verteidigungsrede der Anwältin von Milan Nikolic, Tanja Petovar, im Gerichtssaal bedacht.
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Mit viel Applaus wurde die Verteidigungsrede der Anwältin von Milan Nikolic, Tanja Petovar, im Gerichtssaal bedacht.
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The paper examines the influence of supervision on financial stability and profit performance of insurance firms in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 2011 – 2017 were sourced from structured research questionnaires, financial reports, industry reports, and the Nigerian insurers association (NIA)Digests. The data collected were analyzed using correlation matrix and regression analysis (OLS technique). Results from the data analyzed suggests that Insurance supervision significantly influences profit performance. Based on these findings, it is therefore recommended that Nigeria’s insurance regulatory agency should strengthen insurance operational guidelines issued to insurance firms via the execution of efficient and effective enforcement strategies.
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The study investigates the relationship between financial performance and dividend payout of Retail firms over eleven years from 2010 to 2020. The rationale behind this call is that a lot of research on the relationship between financial leverage and dividend payout originate from developed countries. It is on this background that this study tries to investigate the relationship between firm growth and dividend payout from a South African perspective. The quantitative research design was employed to investigate the influence of financial performance on financial leverage of Listed Retail firms using panel data analyses. Secondary data collection consists of annual financial reports of Retail firms for a period from 2010 to 2020 which consist of 170 observations. The empirical results show that financial performance is positively associated with a financial leverage of listed Retail firms, while other variables (financial leverage, firm growth) positively significant influence financial performance. Liquidity is positively but insignificantly influence financial performance while firm size is negatively insignificantly affect financial performance. The study is limited to the Retail sector only which means cannot generalise the overall findings to other sectors of the economy. These results might benefit researchers, managers and investors and provide a guideline to the relevant literature. In South Africa, there is an insufficient amount of evidence on the relationship between financial leverage and financial performance. In South Africa, as a developing country, there is a need for more comparable studies investigating this phenomenon.
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This article investigates the global conditions that determined the protest action of August 10, 2018, so our approach is at the intersection of several fields of analysis: transition and democratic consolidation. In order to answer the research question (to what extent did the socio-political context determine the mobilization of the diaspora in 2018?), we set out to develop the outline of an analysis model that takes from Neil Smelser`s structural theory essential elements for explanatory logic of this new model. Recent events in Romania are strongly influenced by the post-communist transition and in order to identify the causal relationship between participation in contentious actions and participation in voting, the study applied a retrospective analysis of the postDecember transition. Our approach was motivated by the concern to validate or invalidate the hypothesis that the perception of a poor functioning of institutions facilitated the emergence of the protest of August 10, 2018. On the background of a complex and multifaceted reality of diaspora protest, our approach was inspired by theories that follow a structural perspective. As a result, based on direct observations, informal discussions, summaries of various press reports, following Facebook pages and groups as well as data obtained from 69 questionnaires applied in Victoriei Square, at the time of protest, we identified and analyzed structural tensions which were generated by the way in which the political factor managed the situation regarding the legislative changes in the field of justice.
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Rok akademicki 2020/2021 był 27. cyklem naukowo-dydaktycznym w historii Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. Włączając zaś w to historię Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego w Nysie i Opolu, był to 72. rok działalności. W minionym roku akademickim prowadzono na Wydziale dydaktykę dla następujących kierunków studiów: jednolite studia magisterskie na kierunku „teologia”; studia drugiego stopnia na kierunku „teologia kanoniczna”; studia pierwszego i drugiego stopnia na kierunku „turystyka i kultura śródziemnomorska”; studia pierwszego i drugiego stopnia na kierunku „nauki o rodzinie”. Ponadto odbywały się również zajęcia dydaktyczne w ramach stacjonarnych studiów doktoranckich z nauk teologicznych oraz nauk o rodzinie, a także w Szkole Doktorskiej Uniwer-sytetu Opolskiego (w ramach dyscypliny naukowej „nauki teologiczne”). Ogółem liczba studentów Wydziału Teologicznego wynosiła 224 osoby (na studiach licen-cjackich i magisterskich - 157 osób, natomiast na studiach doktoranckich i w szkole doktorskiej - 67 osób).
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Rok szkolny 2019/2020 był XLVI rokiem pracy Diecezjalnego Instytutu Muzyki Kościelnej w Opolu. Działalność edukacyjna rozpoczęła się w pierwszych dniach września 2019 r. Uroczysta inauguracja roku szkolnego miała miejsce w dwóch wydarzeniach. Zwyczajowo odbyła się ona 16 października 2019 r. w ramach tzw. Tygodnia DIMK (14–19 października). Po Mszy św. rozpoczęła się akademia inauguracyjna, podczas której wręczone zostały indeksy nowo przyjętym uczniom, zaś absolwentom – dyplomy muzyka kościelnego–organisty (II kategoria muzy - ka kościelnego). Otrzymali je: Denis Jasik, Patrycja Lazik, Jadwiga Lichtarowicz, Krzysztof Malik, Karol Szerszeń, Magdalena Żymańczyk oraz Katarzyna Mateja. Dyplom III kategorii odebrała natomiast Aurelia Gogol. Wręczone zostały także dyplomy absolwentkom kierunku prowadzenie zespołów śpiewaczych, które odebrały: Marta Mularczyk i Magdalena Żymańczyk. Dyplom ukończenia kierunku prowadzenie zespołów instrumentalnych uzyskał Mateusz Mateja. Dyplomy ukoń - czenia kierunku wokalistyka – piosenka religijna odebrały: Martyna Jamrozińska, Sandra Mrahs, Kamila Podgórna, Sabina Wójcik i Anna Zając. Gościem specjalnym Tygodnia DIMK był prof. Bojan Martinović ( Muzička Akademija Univerziteta Crne Gore w Cetynie, Czarnogóra), który prowadził warsztaty z interpretacji literatury fortepianowej dla studentów muzykologii oraz wykonał recital fortepianowy .
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In recent years the polish real estate market has been characterised by a significant increase in supply and demand. This was facilitated by a number of macroeconomic factors. In recent years, housing has been commissioned as 30 years ago. Therefore, the depth analysis issue of the causes and consequences for the Polish economy of these trends is now relevant. Among the reasons are significant economic growth, low interest rates on loans, rising welfare, low unemployment, stable inflation and, of course, the COVID-19 pandemic. We assess these and other reasons in this article in order to further forecast the real estate market's indicators. In addition, the Poland society is characterised by a significant proportion of those who want to own housing, not rent it. This is due to historical events and the incomes level of the population, which is still one of the poorest among the European Union member states, therefore real estate ownership is a sign of households' stability and economic security. At the same time, the purchase of housing is influenced by rather low interest rates on loans, which encourage the population to use the opportunities to buy housing on credit. That is why a significant amount of real estate is built for credit resources and purchased in this way.
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Review of: Andrzej Miszczuk and Magdalena Miszczuk, Local Economic Policy in Poland. Conditions, Institutions, Instruments
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Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, which encourages the party to the trade to enter into an obligation taking on the associated burdens. In the countries of continental (mainland) Europe that belong to the Romano-Germanic law system, such as Germany, France, and Italy, the goal (objective) of the parties to the trade, causa, is legally significant. In the theory of the Civil law of the Romano-Germanic system, there is a general principle - any obligation arises for some purpose, which is called the basis of obligation. Causa is an individual interest that meets the requirements of the legal system. France was one of the last European countries that did not recognise the contingency theory as a basis for regulating the binding force of a contract. In practice, the courts have faced criticism of the concept of causation from both doctrine and law enforcement practice. In 2016, there was a significant reform of the French law of obligations. Legal science, undeservedly, did not attach due importance to one of the most noticeable innovations within the framework of the mentioned reform - the abolition of the concept of “causa” (reason, basis) of the contract, which until recently was one of the most original features of the French law and originated from Roman law, which was fixed in the Napoleonic Code. In this article, the theoretical provisions for the abolition of the concept of causa in French civil law, within the framework of the reform of the Civil Code, were investigated, and the corresponding conclusions were drawn.
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This paper presents an analysis of previous research and discussion on the challenges the authors encountered when implementing a community-based learning model during academic 2016/2017 year on the „Third Age Education“ course. The course is conducted on a one-term and two-grade graduate study of pedagogy of 2014/2015. The basis for discussion on the challenges of model implementation is the responses of students, mentors and mentors of students in the local community, as well as the experience of course attendant on open type questions from student and course evaluation forms. Workshops of foreign authors discussing the implementation examples of this model as well as the works of domestic authors discuss the assumptions and prerequisites necessary for a successful implementation of the model are worth the framework for understanding the concrete problems and thinking about ways of overcoming them. Everyone involved in the classroom (students, community mentors, college lecturers) evaluates this approach as useful for applying acquired knowledge and skills and developing new ones, as well as meeting community needs, developing pro-social attitudes and responsibilities for social problems. The main challenges relate to the difficulty of integrating course content and community activities and the inevitable support of the University as a University Center, which would facilitate the many activities necessary for its successful implementation. Experiences in the work of „Third Age Pedagogy“ give a valuable opportunity to think about the different aspects of teaching whose development needs to invest additional scientific and professional (social) efforts to ensure the integration of teaching and learning in the community as qualitatively as possible for students, community, teachers and higher university. The authors argue that thinking about the challenges of a community learning model can be useful to other university teachers in seeking new ways to improve higher education and raise the quality of social activity and youth sensitivity.
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The article objective is an analysis of a decade of trademark registrations and its influence over the international relations system. We analyze GDP evolution with Trademark Registrations using correlation on data covering the 1999-2009 decade. We attempt to explain the strong correlations between China’s growth of GDP and trademark registration growth.
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Kosovo held well-organised local elections on 17 October 2021. Since 2007, local elections in Kosovo have involved two ballots, one for the municipal assembly (voters should pick only one candidate from an open party list) and another for mayors. On 14 November, mayoral runoffs were held in 21 out of 38 municipalities. These were Kosovo’s seventh democratic municipal assembly elections, and the fifth mayoral elections.
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Prior to the 2021 elections, North Macedonia had an entrenched tradition of local-level voting for the central-level incumbent. The party leading the central government has always won most mayoral positions at the local elections since they were first held in 1996, making the lower-level contest a simple showcase of the support for the ruling parties. The October 2021 elections were quite different: the opposition right-wing Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Vnatreshna makedonska revolucionerna organizacija - Demokratska partija za makedonsko nacionalno edinstvo, VMRO-DPMNE) claimed a dominant win, resulting in a resignation of the ruling center-left Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (Socijaldemokratski sojuz na Makedonija, SDSM) Prime Minister (PM) Zaev and the appointment of a new government with changed personnel from the side of SDSM. This outcome is due to the general public’s disappointment with the performance of the SDSM-led government, especially regarding persistent corruption, the inability to reinstate rule of law following the disclosed abuses from the Wiretapping Affair (2015), and the lack of further progress regarding EU-membership despite heavy national concessions such as the name change (2019). The election results can also be read as a symptom of the population’s major disillusionment with the prospect of opening EU accession negotiations soon. Following these developments, a change of power can be expected, with VMRO-DPMNE eyeing to reclaim the central government (after their 2017 exit) at the next parliamentary elections which could take place as late as 2024.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the significant factors that affect the profitability of the banks in the Macedonian banking industry. The profitability is shown through the ROA indicator. The analysis uses a model of multiple regression with a data panel that includes 14 banks in the Republic of North Macedonia for the 2010 - 2019 period. The analysis shows that operating efficiency is a variable with a significant impact on profitability. The size of the bank cannot be argued to be a significant factor in the profitability of banks, but the share of loans in total assets shows a positive impact on profits. On the other hand, the share of deposits and the share of interest income in total income, they both have a weaker impact on profitability. The results of the research can help to determine the most important factors for the success (or failure) of the banking industry. Also, they could help make sound decisions of bank management in the future, especially in terms of improving banks profitability.
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The experience of fraudulent financial reporting scandals that shocked American corporate history in the early 2000’s marked a turning point in the evolution of the financial auditing profession, out of a desire to restore investors’ confidence in the integrity of listed companies' financial information. The establishment of a public supervision authority for audit firms (PCAOB), the establishment of an audit committee for listed companies or the obligation to report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, among with severe financial sanctions for corporate fraud, are the most representative legislative measures imposed in the US by the Sarbanex-Oxley Act (2002) to achieve this goal. To a large extent, these measures have also been adopted in Community law, most likely under the impetus of similar events, such as the Parmalat case (2003). Here that, at a not appreciable time distance, such a sensitive issue of fraudulent reporting returns to the center of investors' attention through the case of the German electronic payment processor - Wirecard (2020). The article aims to investigate possible early signals that could have indicated risk factors or circumstances that could have favored fraudulent financial reporting in the case of this issuer. In essence, the research methodology is limited to the application of the Beneish model on the annual financial reports from 2016-2018, in order to assess its validation in relation to the values of the score function (M).
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Following the events of 1989, a radical change of the Romanian political regime took place, which had as its main effect the democratization of the Romanian society, a change with special implications of a political, economic, social, and implicit military nature. From a military point of view, the Romanian Army underwent extensive transformations that took place in several successive stages. These consisted of starting the process of modernizing the military body on all levels: doctrinal and organizational changes in command and force structures, the concepts of training and their use in operations, and starting the process of replacing certain categories of equipment and some categories of weapons systems with newer and more efficient ones. All these transformations also affected the military engineering branch, in terms of the organization and attributions of the military engineering command structures, as well as the military engineering force structures on all levels (organization, endowment, training). In the following lines, we will make a brief review of the transformations which the Romanian army and implicitly the military engineering command structures were subjected to, in the period after 1989.
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In this article, the authors briefly present some of the most important aspects of the new world order – between concept and application. The coronavirus epidemic is the most important evolution of the 21st century, which can lead to the total change of the world, of the world order. Henry Kissinger believes that this pandemic will grind the planet for many years.
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Following the events of 1989 a radical change of the Romanian political regime took place, a change that had as main effect the democratization of the Romanian society, with special implications of a political, economic, social and implicit military nature. From a military point of view, the Romanian Army underwent extensive transformations that took place in several successive stages. These consisted of starting the process of modernizing the military body on all levels: doctrinal and organizational changes in command and force structures, the concepts of training and their use in operations, and starting the process of replacing certain categories of equipment and some categories of weapons systems with newer and more efficient ones. All these transformations also affected the military engineering branch, in terms of the organization and attributions of the engineer command structures, as well as the structure of engineer forces, on the line of organization, endowment, training. In the following lines we will make a brief review of the transformations to which the Romanian Army was subjected, and implicitly, the military engineering command structures, in the period after 1989.
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Some of the abandoned, separated, and divorced believers doubt the validity of their marriage or are convinced of its nullity. For them, canon law provides cases to declare the nullity of marriage (Can. 1671 – 1691). In 2015, Pope Francis reformed the canonical procedure for cases to declare the nullity of marriage. The topic of »the nullity of marriage« in this paper is discussed in the light of the post-synodal apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis Amoris Laetitia from 2016. Under number 244 of the exhortation, the topic of the nullity of marriage is approached in view of the recent reform of the canonical procedure, especially regarding the need for »special discernment« of matrimonial situations in pre-process or pastoral inquiry in the preparation for a case.
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This paper aims to carry out an analysis of the evolution and profitability of the Romanian financial banking sector. In order to analyse the performance and the evolution of the best performing banks, a set of relevant financial ratios are computed, and the analysis is conducted over a period of three years: 2014, 2015, 2016. Based on the analysis conducted, it was noted that the top 10 leading banks own around 83% out of the total assets, and they continue to flourish. The most impressive evolution in terms of market share was registered by Banca Transilvania, which managed to move on the second place in the hierarchy in 2015, determining the movement of BRD in the third place while in the first place, constantly during the analysed period is situated BCR. In terms of profit, the most impressive financial result was registered in 2016 by Banca Transilvania, followed by BCR and Raiffeisen. BRD managed to register quite a stable growth over the years, and the values obtained by this bank are very similar to those registered by Raiffeisen. However, one significant difference between these two banks is that Raiffeisen has a slower growth rate, but it seems to have a sustained evolution. In contrast, BRD registered more financial fluctuations and implicitly higher growth rates. Regarding the financial ratios analysis, in 2016, Banca Transilvania had the highest Return on Assets (ROA) of 2.37% and the highest Return on Equity (ROE) of 20.53%, having by far the most aggressive growth in terms of return ratios. The remaining three banks recorded for both ratios ery similar results, on average a Return on Assets (ROA) of 1.4% and Return on Equity (ROE) of 12%, which situate all the analysed financial institutions in the safety gap. Overall, all four banks are considered to be stable and safe, having an interesting evolution over the years. However, some of them remained in the same position as in 2014, while others moved higher and lower in the hierarchy.
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