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Українська звитяга у символах

Author(s): Vіktor Karpov Vasilovich / Language(s): Ukrainian

Військові традиції – це правила, звичаї і норми, які історично складаються у війську певної країни та передаються з покоління в покоління, здебільшого підкреслюючи зв’язок сучасних вояків з учасниками подій бойового минулого. Військова символіка України по праву стала предметом наукового дослідження, бо вже має власну досить багату історію та традиції. Загальноприйняте розуміння складових військової символіки до якої відносять: військову емблематику – емблеми військових формувань, їх керівних органів, як то Міністерства оборони України, Генерального штабу Збройних Сил України, Державної прикордонної служби України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ Міністерства внутрішніх справ України, емблеми родів військ і служб, власні емблеми військових частин, кораблів та установ, комплекс емблем військової та спеціальної форми одягу; військову вексилологію – комплекс прапорів, зна- мен, штандартів, що їх використовують військові формування, зокрема, прапори Збройних Сил України, Міністерства оборони, Генерального штабу, видів Збройних Сил України, Служби безпеки України, Внутрішніх військ і, безперечно, Бойовий прапор військової частини, штандарти посадових осіб; військову фалеристику – комплекс державних військових нагород, відомчих заохочувальних відзнак, знаків класної кваліфікації спеціалістів, інші нагрудні знаки. До військової символіки також належать уніформологія, військова сфрагістика і військова геральдика. У широкому розумінні символіка є умовним відображенням подій, явищ, понять, ідей через конкретні властиві їм вияви – символи. Символіка вивчає історію походження, функціонування й використання різновидів символів, які є концентрованою фор- мою відбиття і фіксації наукових, релігійних та інших знань людини за допомогою стилізованого зображення. В історичній науці утвердилася думка, що символіка у тому чи іншому вигляді постає, власне, із появою стабільних суспільних груп. Однією із найяскравіших сторінок вітчизняної історії є скіфський період. У стародавньому світі скіфське військо здобуло славу непереможного.

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УКРАЇНСЬКЕ МИСТЕЦТВО З ПОЧАТКУ 2000-Х РОКІВ: «ДРУГЕ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ» У СВІТОВОМУ КУЛЬТУРНОМУ ПОЛІ

Author(s): Tatiana Mironova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the place of Ukrainian art during the active transformations of the world art space. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the world's leading art fairs and the participation of Ukrainian artists in these platforms of the art market, as well as the analysis of modern leading Ukrainian art fairs and festivals. Methodology. The main methodological approach in determining the place of Ukrainian art during the active transformations of the world art space is the structural-system approach, and when analyzing the activities of leading Ukrainian art fairs in the context of world art development - the contextual method. The applied methods allowed to determine the main vectors of development of the private art segment of Ukrainian art of the 1990s - 2020s. Conclusions. In recent years, a new global art space has been formed and developed in the art world. Traditionally, the Western world dictates the rules of world art, but the exotic nature of everything that comes from the North and East is of interest to art lovers and professionals. Renewal of the cultural and artistic process in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century. and powerful social changes became the basis for many art festivals and art fairs of both regional and national scale. Initiatives of independent curators and gallerists' search for new formats for demonstrating the artistic achievements of Ukrainian artists have inspired the emergence of a number of interdisciplinary cultural projects of national importance. These artistic events set the vector for the development of communication in the modern cultural sphere. In general, Ukrainian art is developing several parallel coordinate systems that operate on different principles and offer different agendas. Among the latest trends that determine its development - digitalization, virtualization, commercialization, blurring the boundaries between elite and mass art, loss of integrity, polystylistic aspect, exemption from any rules of regulation.

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Український кінематограф на міжнародних кінофестивалях класу "А" у 2018 році

Author(s): Serhii Vasyliev / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of the article was to study the participation of Ukrainian cinema at the "A-list" International Film Festivals in 2018. The methodology was based on description, qualitative and quantitative analysis and systematization of information about the participation of Ukrainian films in competition and non-competition programs of the "A-list" IFF and the participation of Ukrainian film industry at the "A-list" IFF professional events. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time such detailed review of the participation of Ukrainian cinema at the "A-list" IFF in 2018 was conducted. Conclusions. In 2018, 21 Ukrainian films were selected 31 times to participate in the official programs of 10 "A-list" IFF. The potential of Ukrainian cinema can be revealed at the international level by the screenings of Ukrainian films that talk about modern Ukraine and were created by Ukrainian filmmakers in co-production and with the support of Ukrainian State Film Agency in the programs of "A-list" IFF.

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УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ БІОГРАФІЧНИЙ АРХІВ (2000–2020): ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ЗМІСТУ РЕСУРСУ

Author(s): Oleh Yatsenko,Oleksii Vernik,Yuliia Vernik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the article is to present the process of formation of a biographical resource, to depict the current state of its updated version - the electronic Ukrainian National Biographical Archive (UNBA) to analyze the changes that occurred during 2000-2020 in the formation of the biographical array of the database (DB) "Personalities" - a fundamental component of the electronic UNBA. The methodology consists of a combination of general scientific methods of analysis of theoretical material and statistical and comparative methods of analysis of specific empirical data, their systematization, and generalization. The scientific novelty of the study is characterized by obtaining unique information about the dynamics of the distribution of UNBA personnel - important figures of Ukrainian culture - by thematic headings, chronological periods, gender distribution. Conclusions. Formed by UNBA, today is the largest national electronic biographical resource. The emergence of modern sources in Ukraine, which open to the reader new, undeservedly forgotten, silent for various reasons, contributes to a large-scale change in the volume of biographical resources. Qualitative processing of these sources significantly multiplies the UNBA register, significantly increases its informative aspect. The analysis showed the versatility of the presented information on its thematic, chronological, gender distribution. In addition, it identified problems that should be taken into account when further filling the resource, in particular the significant uneven distribution of personnel by domain and article, incomplete chronological information about births, deaths, and burials, insufficient attention to biographical sources before the XIX century.

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Управлінські аспекти діяльності закладів початкової мистецької освіти в культуротворчих процесах сучасної України

Author(s): Tetyana Mykolayivna Kolos / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2015

The aim of the article is to study the conditions of primary art education institutions in the processes of modern culture creation through description of management processes and administrative functions of government at different levels. Management of primary artistic education institutions as a system of cultural sphere related to the formulation and implementation of national cultural policy, which includes the creation of conditions for the organization of artistic and educational activities, its financial support, methodological support and control. Inherited from the Soviet period the network of children's artistic schools, which has always represented the cultural sphere, with the reform of social and economic spheres, including education, and the introduction in 2000 of the Law of Ukraine "On Extracurricular Education", was the element of school education institutions . In this regard, the system of primary artistic education began to lose its autonomy in the system of school education. The central executive body that carries out state administration directly initial artistic education at the national level is the Ministry for Culture of Ukraine. The functions of the Ministry for Culture for the management of primary education in arts have the character of regulation, because it does not involve direct interference in these schools, but only determine the mechanisms of management. In this case, all the regulations approved by the Ministry, based on the acts of the Ministry of Education, what is the "duality subordination" of the primary art education. One of the primary tools of management education in arts are special regulations the Ministry for Culture. Regulations on initial specialized art school (school aesthetic education), approved by the Ministry, is the basic document that defines the specific terms and conditions of artistic schools, including the organization of educational and artistic process, management institutions, financial and economic activities, etc. The second (middle) level in the hierarchy of management system of children's art schools have culture government regional level. Key features that directly affect the children's artistic schools are activities in the region related to the certification of these institutions and their teachers. One of these functions to March 2015 was the certification of schools. However, by changing the conditions of the certification authority for such decisions goes to the lower level of government, in which are directly under the school. The main method of control at an average level of program-target method, which is an effective way of providing financial and logistical support to schools that are funded from local budgets. An effective tool of administrative activity at this level is to conduct and support competitions, festivals, exhibitions, etc. for children art schools. An important function of regional authorities is to coordinate cooperation of children's art schools with cultural and art colleges and schools, which are owned by local communities and regions of Kyiv. The third level of government, in which the direct control of children's art schools – local authorities in the field of culture, which carry financial, logistical, staffing subordinate children's art schools, the development of the network, and so on. In terms of decentralization of the role the lower level primary education in arts management will continue to grow. Research management processes in primary arts education will give the opportunity to make recommendations on the formation and implementation of state cultural policy to support the further development of institutions of primary art education as a system of institutionalized cultural sphere of modern Ukraine. Thus, the process control system of educational institutions sphere of culture in modern Ukraine aimed at ensuring the development of children's art schools and implemented hierarchical structure of government. At the national level of government is characterized by duality, which is found in the interconnectedness of administrative decisions Ministry for Education and Science and the Ministry for Culture and due to the entry of primary art education to adult education system. At the highest level there is legislative and normative legal regulation, on the lower – apply direct control instruments – financial, logistical and staffing. In terms of reforming the socio-economic aspects of life, is the decentralization of management and increase the role of government community, which means the transfer of administrative functions in most places. Problems of economic development and imperfection of the existing mechanisms of public-public administration or lack thereof creates significant risks for the further operation of children's art schools as a system of institutions that influence the development of local and general cultural space. Research management processes in primary arts education will give the opportunity to make recommendations on the formation and implementation of state cultural policy to support the further development of institutions of primary art education as a system of institutionalized cultural sphere of modern Ukraine.

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УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ПРОГРАМИ «БІЗНЕС-ЕКОНОМІКА» У ЛЬВІВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ ІВАНА ФРАНКА: ДОСВІД 2016–2020 РОКІВ

Author(s): P.I. Ostroverkh,O.Z. Vatamaniuk,T.P. Moriak,M.V. Styrskyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 40/2020

У період до 2015 року, коли згідно з рішенням Кабінету міністрів України до складу спеціальності 051 «Економіка» (галузь знань 05 «Соціальні та поведінкові науки») увійшли декілька колишніх спеціальностей, серед яких і «Економічна теорія», в Україні простежувалося, принаймні на рівні середньострокової тенденції, відчутне зниження інтересу абітурієнтів до спеціалізації у царині економічної теорії. Дуже показовими були результати вступної кампанії 2016 року, коли ця проблема гостро постала перед провідними закладами вищої освіти у нашій країні (див. далі табл. 1).

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Утицај Закона о улагањима на прилив страних директних инвестиција у Cрбију

Author(s): Marko Nikolić,Stevan Rapaić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

On 4th November 2015, the Law on Investments came into force in Serbia. We believe that this law, with some shortcomings, yields a satisfactory framework to investment promotion and the development of local companies in certain areas. Although this law is principally engaged in investment, its impact on FDI inflows as a normative act is limited and as such will not lead to a significant increase in FDI inflow to Serbia. The only way to attract FDI and to develop economy is to have transparent and stable economic and law environment, the rule of law and to be fighting corruption and bureaucratic obstacles. These are tasks that were the most difficult to reach, that require a very painful cuts to the corruption inherited consciousness, and the results cannot be quickly visible - and therefore among the ruling parties such procedures have never been popular. We need to present a critique concerning the expediency of passing the Law on Investment. The new Law on investment represents progress in relation to the Law on Foreign Investment. However, we believe that at least two-thirds of the new law is identical or substantially similar to its predecessor. All significant changes could be accomplished by amendments to the previous law on foreign investment. Therefore the reasons for the adoption of the new law, we must seek outside of legal and technical reasons, and even beyond the needs of the practice. Also, a weakness that previous lаw had – repetition of the provisions of other normative acts, including among them the Constitution, was not removed. Based on these features, we believe that Law on Investments was made in order to somehow further stressed the new government’s determination to improve the investment environment, namely for purpose of showing a changes and progress in the field of FDI in Serbia. Therefore, Law on Investments would not be having a substantial impact on FDI inflow.

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Уточнение праселькупской реконструкции гласных первого слога. Часть I. Анализ новых полевых материалов по нарымскому диалекту селькупского язык

Author(s): Julia V. Normanskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (21)/2016

The material the article is based on was collected by N.L. Fedotova in 2009-2010 in the Parabel village from two speakers of the Narym dialect of the Selkup language – Irina Anatolyevna Korobeynikova and Yakov Yakovlevitch Martynov. In 2009 a word-list of indigenous vocabulary and some paradigms were collected from both informants (the latter as much as they could remember, which they did with difficulty). In 2010 the full dictionary (about 2000 lexical items) was collected from I.A. Korobeynikova, who speaks the language somewhat better. The article presents the analysis of the vowels of the first syllable in the Narym dialect of the Selkup language on the basis of field recordings and their parallels in the Taz and Ket dialects. Qualitative oppositions in the vocalism system are described, using the results of the analysis in a phonetic software Praat, which gives to the transcriptions the base of formant analysis, not the one of the author's intuition. The results of the analysis allow to clarify the system of Selkup bases cited in [Alatalo 2004] and reconstruct four additional Protoselkup phonemes — *e, *ä, *y, *˱i. It is shown that specific Taz phonemes е — е (broad) и ε (lax) — and two i — i (broad) and i͔ (regular) can be recounstructed for the Proto-Selkup language and, as such, should be accounted for during the analysis of the development from Proto-Samoyed system to the Proto-Selkup one.

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ФАКТОРИНГ – СА ПОСЕБНИМ ПОГЛЕДОМ НА ЗАКОНСКО РЕШЕЊЕ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Miroslav Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 07/2014

Last year, in 2013., The Assembly of the Republic of Serbia adopted the Law on factoring, which is defined by the concept and the case of factoring, identified as participants in the factoring, and the conditions and manner of factoring, factoring kind, the rights and obligations of participants in the factoring contract factoring, reverse factoring and supervision over factoring. Factoring Agreement, which creates business factoring, is one of the new contract created by modern business practices. Since the enactment of the Act, factoring is not a regulated one of our current regulation, except that as an activity of banks in the Banking Act, it belonged to the category of unnamed contract. The adoption of the above law, this agreement became appointed, therefore, whose contract at the conclusion of the contracting parties have to agree on the essential elements of a contract, as the other elements of the contract are regulated by law. In addition to good solutions, in the law, there are inconsistencies and shortcomings of each type. For these reasons the author chose to study the factoring, critically analyzing, first of all, the latest solutions given in the Factoring Law of the Republic of Serbia.

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ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ

Author(s): Vitalina Malyshko,Inna Makarchuk,Yuliia Horodnichenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 38/2018

The relevance of the research topic. The financing of education in Ukraine has been and remains a topical issue of our time. Now true important issues are reforms in the education system, creating a government environment for a rational use of resources of state and local budgets. Thus the main objective should be to ensure adequate financing of the sector by optimizing budgetary and extrabudgetary sources of its development. Statement of the problem. Education funding is one of the main factors of economic growth and sustainable development of the state, so the study of this topic will always be relevant. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Education funding is devoted to the many scientific publications. The study of this question were engaged in such domestic scientists as: T. M. Bogolib, A. Yu. Boyko, J. G. Buckovski, Z. S. Varnaly, A. V. Velichko, I. S. Kalenyuk, L. V. Kozorezenko, V. V. Malyshko, I. Yu. Chugunov, L. M. Yaremenko and others. Among foreign authors it is necessary to allocate the work. N. Lukashenko, V. Marcinkiewicz, J. Nematov, G. Hoag. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Insufficient funding of the education sector depends on the public authorities. In Ukraine, since the beginning of the 2018/2019 academic years held an educational reform, which requires further research and improvement. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The aim is to study theoretical and practical aspects of education financing in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. The authors apply a set of methods of scientific research: generalization, comparative analysis, statistical and other research methods. Presentation of the main material (results of work). It analyses the state of education financing in Ukraine in 2005-2017 years. The field of application of results: Ministry of education and science of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Conclusions. In Ukraine financing of the education system is characterized by imperfection of normative-legal support and insufficient financial resources. The problem of our country lies in the fact that at the state level lack of understanding of the vital necessity in a competitive education system.

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Формиране на икономическата грамотност на учениците чрез изучаване на средновековното икономическо развитие в новите учебници по История и цивилизации за VI клас

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Формиране на икономическата грамотност на учениците чрез изучаване на средновековното икономическо развитие в новите учебници по История и цивилизации за VI клас

Author(s): Georgi Yakimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article aims to explain how teaching History and Civilizations in the 6th grade contributes to the formation of notions of the economic life as well as to the formation of initial economic literacy of the school students. Learning about the medieval era gives school students a chance to acquire some important economic concepts. The article examines, analyzes and compares the current textbooks with regard to the above purpose. The author points out some good examples in the textbooks that contribute most to building students’ initial economic literacy, which is an important part of shaping their civic culture. Young people’s knowledge about economic life in the past can be useful for them in regard of their future successful inclusion in the economic and social life of the Bulgarian society.

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Формування системи організаційногосподарського забезпечення інноваційних відносин в Україні

Author(s): D. O. Babai / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 142/2018

The article deals with the formation of the optimal mechanism of economic and legal support of the state innovation policy, the definition of the subject, and would perform a general and leading role for the national innovation system. Determination of the status for other subjects of organizational and economic powers, which will be subordinated to the governing body. The question is that the system of organizational and economic support of innovative relations in Ukraine is not fully developed and requires optimization. So, until about 2010 there was one structure of the system of subjects of organizational and economic powers in the innovation sphere, and in the subsequent period it was subjected to significant transformations, therefore it is important to establish which functions and tasks, means and authorities, and place in the system of executive bodies the power is occupied and executed by each of the subjects of organizational and economic powers, both today and in retrospect, taking into account the assessment of their effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to work out approaches to optimizing organizational and economic support by comparing the structure of the system of subjects of organizational and economic powers in the innovation sphere that operated in the period until 2010 and after 2010, and the development of appropriate conclusions to improve the effectiveness of such a system as a whole. Thus, it seems expedient to distribute the system of public authorities in terms of organizational and economic powers in the innovation sphere for the period until 2010 and after 2010. Thus, the following bodies can be referred to the system that was until 2010: State Agency for Investments and Innovations, Ministry of Industrial Policy, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Education in the field of intellectual property, National Council for Innovative Development, Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. The modern system looks like this now: the State Agency for Investments and Innovations, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, the Council for the Development of Innovations. However, even then, this system can not be called optimal. Since, firstly, they do not have a main body that would focus the final powers in themselves and accordingly coordinate these directions in these activities. Secondly, the optimization of the structuring of state bodies subordinate to the main body, depending on two basic criteria: - the elements-blocks of the scientific and innovation system and - the sector and the branch of the national economy. That is, the competence bodies with organizational and economic powers have the subject matter to have basic blocks, such as: scientific and technical activities, a unit for the creation of innovative products, a unit for the introduction of these products, a commercialization unit, and the like. The second criterion is the defense-industrial complex, the pharmaceutical industry, the machinebuilding industry, the agricultural sector, and the like.

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Хармонизација националних прописа са eвропским регулаторним оквиром у области радио-дифузије у Cрбији

Author(s): Irina R. Milutinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

This paper presents a European regulatory framework for the broadcasting sector, which includes a number of international documents in which the consensus of member states of the Council of Europe and the European Union has been achieved. The standards known as Euro¬pean prac¬ti¬ce or Euro¬pean stan¬dards are given in the form of directives and recommendations and provide a unique and mandatory regulatory framework for the development of the media in all countries of integrated Europe. The aim of this paper is to examine the degree of harmonization between the requirements of the European regulatory framework works and achievements of the local media regulations and their implementation. By applying comparative, descriptive methods and the theoretical analysis of legal documents that are the source of material for this study, we conclude that the harmonization of domestic legislation with European standards in this area has significantly been achieved in the legislative acts adopted in the Republic of Serbia during the period between 2000 and 2012. Due to the positive examples of harmonization the preconditions for democratic transformation of the media system of Serbia as a whole have been achieved. However, from the point of view of the implementation of the set provisions in practice, the observed period is characterized by breach of the law, the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the binding international documents, demonstrating the lack of political will to implement consistently and comprehensively the reform of the media system in Serbia. The recent development challenges of broadcasting require more decisive, consistent and thorough harmonization of domestic regulatory practice with the European media regulatory framework.

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Холандски савет правосуђа

Author(s): Marina Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

In this paper, in an attempt to develop an overview, the author strives to present international standards and models of judicial councils, as well as the Netherlands experience in establishment of Council for the Judiciary, historical development, competences, composition, staffing, budget, continuous assessment of their work and improvement of procedures. Reason for presenting the overview of the Netherlands experience is present activities and discussion on drafting new Judicial Reform Strategy for 2013 – 2018 and need for advancement and improvement of High Judicial Council and State Prosecutorial Council role and position, especially having in mind Council of Europe assessment from September 2010 and challenges in implementation of new reform activities.

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ХОРЕОГРАФІЯ ЯК КОНТЕМПОРАРНЕ МИСТЕЦТВО: культурологічний аспект

Author(s): Natalia Korysko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2015

The article covers the problem of the mutual influence of contemporary art and choreography. The author briefly analyzes historical and cultural premises that caused transformations in contemporary choreographic art, the newest cultural processes that influenced it, the development of technology and change in philosophical views of society. Symbolic examples prove choreography to enter all spheres of art. At the same time it should be noted, that the newest synthetic arts influence choreography, urging it to the changes of its own.

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Христо Ботев и познавателният кръгозор на съвременните студенти за Европа (изследователски разказ за един познавателен подвиг и за една познавателна недостатъчност)

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Христо Ботев и познавателният кръгозор на съвременните студенти за Европа (изследователски разказ за един познавателен подвиг и за една познавателна недостатъчност)

Author(s): Sinto Yulzari / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

This research is conducted for the purpose of drawing a “picture” of the cognitive outlook contemporary students have about Europe. As a comparison basis in the project we have Hristo Botev’s knowledge of Europe from the middle of XIX century. He is a Bulgarian revolutionar, poet, publisher and journalist. The research includes 1312 students in internal and external state of education, interviewed in 11 years. Conclusions have been made for the feature of contemporary students’ knowledge about Europe in three areas – history, culture and terminology. An attempt has been made to outline the author’s opinion on the reasons for the students’ unfavorable knowledge about Europe.

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Хроника

Author(s): Ljubica Milosavljević,Danijela Velimirović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

Ljubica Milosavljević - Uspešna realizacija bilateralnog projekta "Međukulturni odnosi na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije"Данијела Велимировић - Студентска теренска пракса – Београд 2013.

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Хроника

Author(s): Vesna Vučinić Nešković,Ljiljana Pantović,Danijela Velimirović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2012

Vesna Vučinić-Nešković - Three Meetings in One Event: 2012 World Council of Anthropological Associations Bi-Annual Meeting, Anthropology of Global Issues International Symposium, and Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth Annual Conference. March 31-April 6, 2012, New Delhi, India. Ljiljana Pantović - Izveštaj sa četvrtog festivala etnografskog filma "ETNOFILm" u Rovinju, Hrvatska Данијела Велимировић - Студентска теренска пракса - Сирогојно 2012

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Хронотоп vs. гетеротопия (на примере повести Метель Владимира Сорокина)

Author(s): Jasmina Vojvodić / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

In this paper, we analyze chronotope (Bakhtin) in Sorokin’s novel The Blizzard (2010). District doctor Platon Ilyich Garin must reach the village of Dolgoye, and he travels with Perkhusha on his “scooter“. They travel from village Dolbeshino to village Dolgoye in winter, because doctor Garin carries a vaccine that will prevent the spread of a terrible disease “chernuha“. On the road they face obstacles (small pyramid, wolfs, snow drifts, dead giant). The novel can be read as a chronotope of the road. Besides the classic, travel heroes go in “other” spaces of hallucination and dreams that we call heterotopias (Foucault). Particularly important is Perkhusha’s last dream, which becomes his death. Perkhusha’s death explains the motto in the beginning of the text – four lines of Alexander Blok’s verse about soul’s departure to heaven. In the text we are following Foucault’s thesis on “other spaces” and Freud’s thesis on dreams as regression and wish fulfilment. Both heroes in Sorokin’s novel dream about the past and in the oneiric state, they fulfill wishes they can’t in the real state (cold – warm). In the conclusion, the text describes three space levels. The first space is a real space of travel from Dolbeshino village to Dolgoye village . The second space (heterotopia) is a space of hallucination and dreams, and, at last, the third space is an unknown space where doctor Garin goes (rescued by a few Chinese people) and where Perkhusha goes (he freezes and goes to the unknown space for living people). We called that third space “overheterotopia”.

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Хулиганизам: Насиље и спорт

Author(s): Dragan Simeunović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2013

Book Review

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