We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
This paper is Russian translation of the article published in this issue: The Progress of the Restoration Work at the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague The restoration of the cemetery started in the year 1975 went on successfully in the year 1976 as well. The work was concentrated upon the most important tombstones representing the heart of the sightseeing path.
More...
The restoration of the cemetery started in the year 1975 went on successfully in the year 1976 as well. The work was concentrated upon the most important tombstones representing the heart of the sightseeing path.
More...
1. Alexander Scheiber: Foklór és tárgytorténet (Folklore und Motivgeschichte), I-II, Budapest, 1974. S. 402, 525. 2. Un example des activités du Museé Juif d’Etat
More...
1. Exhibition of Karel Fleischmann’s Creations from Terezín, 1942-1944 2. Exhibition “The Old Jewish Cemetery and Its Restoration and Protection“ 3. Restoration of the Tombstone of David Oppenheim (1664-1736) in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague 4. Indication of the Restored Tombstones in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague 5. New Guide-Book to the State Jewish Museum in Prague
More...
1. “Dessins des enfants du camp de concentration de Terezín“ - catalogue 2. The Exhibition “Jewish Prisoners in the Concentration Camp of Sachsenhausen“ 3. The Exhibition „Thirty Years” Existence of the State Jewish Museum
More...
Departing from the notion of the “making of a socialist type of personality”, the article traces out an unparalleled, comparative analysis of the female image as it has been fashioned during the post-war period by the Soviet magazine “Krestjanka” (“Peasant”, founded in 1922) and by its Polish counterpart “Przyjaciółka” (“Friend”), established in 1948. In particular, it analyses the shift from the highly recognizable roles Soviet ideologists were pleading for by dividing women between “workers” and “peasants” (as synthesized by the very titles of the two most popular female periodicals in the USSR) to a more complex image of “friend”. In the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ideological propaganda went along with the attempt to give voice to women themselves. In this perspective letters addressed by the readers to the editorial board became a main feature of the magazine itself, turning it into a discussion platform which played an essential role in overcoming of the trauma of war.
More...
The article informs the readers about the acquisitions to the collections of objects made of metal, textiles, pictures, and Terezin relics.
More...
This paper presents a discussion of selected issues related to the state and law in the thinking of Sylwester Zawadzki (1921–1999) a lawyer and state activist of the People’s Republic of Poland. The text includes reflections on the sources of his worldview and the course of his academic and professional career, and, most importantly, on the content of selected research and observations, of which this co-founder of the Supreme Administrative Court was the main contributor. The purposes of this paper include showing the sources of S. Zawadzki’s intellectual, scientific, and political inspirations that may have influenced and determined his commitment to the establishment of the administrative court system in the People’s Republic of Poland at the end of 1979 and beginning of 1980. There is no doubt that S. Zawadzki then played one of the key roles in the process of establishing this judicial institution in the political system of the People’s Republic of Poland. By virtue of his position and connections in the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP), he played perhaps the decisive role that helped break the resistance of some groups in the government, led by Prime Minister Piotr Jaroszewicz. In this regard, the paper also aims to recall the achievements of this lawyer and provide materials for further research on the biography of S. Zawadzki, as well as his teachers and colleagues. The paper is based on S. Zawadzki’s memoirs, his scholarly and journalistic publications, the publications of his teachers and colleagues, as well as selected archival materials (including those from the Archives of New Records and the Archives of the University of Warsaw).
More...
The article discusses the formation of the health care system in Poland based on the assumption that every patient has a right to health protection, and the determinant factors of this process. The analysed period starts at the end of World War II in 1945 and finishes with the adoption of the Constitution of 22 July 1952. In 1945 the health care in Poland was based on the legal and organizational solutions developed in the Second Polish Republic. Soon it started to be modified, which eventually led to its nationalization. The years 1945–1952 were a “transitional period” in the Polish legislation and organization of health care. In the first post-war years, the functioning of the health care system in Poland was based on the Act of 28 March 1933 on social insurance and of 15 June 1939 on public health care. However, they did not ultimately become the basis for structural solutions introduced in Poland in the early 1950s. At that time, the so-called multisectoral system in health care was abandoned and almost all of its aspects were taken over by state institutions. The aim of the article is to present the determinant factors which governed the evolution of Polish medical law in post-war Poland and to analyse the legal regulations introduced from 1945 to 1952. In their analyses the authors used the dogmatic-legal method (an analysis of legal texts – the basic method) and the historical-legal method (an outline of the right to health protection and its evolution in the studied period). The article ends with final conclusions.
More...
This text is devoted to selected issues related to adjudicating and carrying out the death penalty in the times of the Polish People's Republic. This penalty was allowed by the Penal Code of 1969. In the current Penal Code (i.e. the one from 1997), this penal sanction is not provided for. Therefore, the selected topic fits into the theme of the journal on the history of law and modern law with a clear historical context. Removing the death penalty seems to be a very big change when it comes to the Polish criminal law. The aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with the legal provisions regarding the death penalty in the times of the Polish People's Republic and the realities of its adjudication and execution. Thanks to the use of the research method consisting in the analysis of legal acts, the researchers found the answers to the following research questions: which crimes resulted in the death penalty, what legal acts provided for such a possibility, and what the procedure was like under the provisions of the Executive Penal Code of 1969. Further on, the researchers used the method of analyzing the literature on the subject. The sources included books and magazine articles on specific topics, documentaries, and Internet sources deemed reliable. The main part of the text is a criminological analysis of three selected criminal cases. They were considered the most interesting in the context of the discussed topic. The descriptions of the criminal Polish People's Republic are intended to supplement the theoretical information obtained by means of the two methods mentioned above. In addition, they will allow the reader to move to those realities.
More...
There is no doubt that the state's approach to the economy is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various stages of the economic system of the People's Republic of Poland. The author presents normative solutions in the field of economics in the Polish People’s Republic. The following article takes into account legal aspects and jurisprudence, it is an attempt to explain the legal requirements related to the functioning of economy in the analyzed period. Therefore, the article gives details of the essential attributes of Polish economy in 1945–1989 and its evolution. The article also includes and describes the approach to economic freedom in the legal doctrine. In this paper the author aims to analyse the selected problems related to economy and economic activity. The article is based on: the literature on the subject, documents of state authorities, archives and legal acts. It is divided into eight parts consisting of: the introduction, six parts corresponding to specific periods and the summary. The article finishes with synthetic conclusions. The study of the outlined problems was mainly based on the comparative, dogmatic and legal methods. Taking into account the range of issues discussed in the article, as well as the need to limit the work, it should be noted that the text will not be comprehensive and it will only highlight some selected problems.
More...
Since this is a phenomenon of recent times, the significance of the politicization of music during the period of totalitarian rule in Bulgaria (1944–1989) is still unexplored. This paper focuses on the interplay between the political regime, musical life in Bulgaria, and the status of Bulgarian composers. Many books, articles, conferences and PhDs have been presented recently in the field of cultural studies, promoting a multidisciplinary approach in several fields. A new approach tothis dynamic period would clarify the overall development of Bulgarian musical culture in the twentieth century.
More...
This article explains the public engagement of the Catholic Church in Poland in the post-Communist period (from 1989 to approximately 2015) as a symbolic challenge to the state. It draws on Simon Harrison’s theory of symbolic conflicts—conflicts over symbolic capital—applied to power struggles involving religious actors in contemporary political systems. The Polish Church engaged in a valuation contest against the state in which it tried to champion its own religious interpretation of several key elements of Polish statehood and national identity using items from its own symbolic arsenal, including the notion of Pole-Catholic and an emphasis on the Christian origins of Poland. Similarly, by solemnizing state ceremonies with religious symbolism and politicizing the cult of religious figures, the Church sought to sacralize the public sphere. Although these challenges to the symbolic inventory of the state have not led to its total replacement by a competing set of religious symbols, the series of lowintensity conflicts generated a considerable amount of symbolic capital for the Church and contributed to maintaining its authority as a value-based public actor. This, ultimately, helped in sustaining the Church’s political leverage throughout most of the post-1989 period, well into the second decade of the twenty-first century. It is only in the last few years that the Church’s support for a more stringent abortion law, the scandals connected with sexual abuse by the clergy and its concealment by the hierarchy, and questions over Pope John Paul II’s moral integrity have considerably harmed its public image.
More...
This study has two parts: a general theory of experiment, and a descriptive part about Romanian experimental music in the second half of the 20th century. An experiment is an adventure and its nature depends on negation. Time is always the main enemy of an experiment, because in time the experiment transforms itself into tradition. So the concept has to be always redefined and interpreted in a fluid context. From this perspective our study researches experimental music in Romania between 1960-1996. Generations of composers are observed critically according to a chronological category: the decade. In that way one can see the flow and development, in time, of some important musical ideas in Romanian compositional thinking, like heterophony, archetypal music, spectralism, events, and folklore.
More...
Studies on the religion and the religiosity of Roma people represent a significant part of the Romani research published during the last decades. Unlike the interviews used by the non - Roma social scientists, the texts I am addressing in the present article are more elaborate ingroup voices of Roma elites. They are more sophisticated in tackling the religiosity matters and are, purposely or not, contributing to the transnational Roma literature. Their reading allows access to the voice of two Romanian Roma elites who approach the matter of fighting racism not only from their own lived religion experience but also from the perspective of the relatives and friends recollected in the pages of the autoethnographically writings.
More...
Review of: Monika Wienfort: Katholizismus im Kalten Krieg. Vertriebene in Königstein 1945– 1996. (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Zeitgeschichte. Reihe C, Bd. 4.) Brill Schöningh. Paderborn 2023. VIII, 311 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-506-79538-0. (€ 79,–.)
More...