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The author focuses on discriminatory measures against Gypsies/Roma during the Slovak Republic of 1939–1945. She uses mainly the archive collection of the State Archives in Nitra, usable for studying the issue at several levels of public administration (county, district, and local). The content structure of the scientific study follows the IMRAD model and is divided into the introduction, theoretical background, presentation of the most significant research findings and their interpretation in the form of discussion. The main objective of the study is to present a reflective „pause“ over the history of Gypsies/Roma, and their life under the totalitarian regime of 1939–1945 in Slovakia.
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Review of: RUSINOVÁ, Zora. SÚDRUŽKA MOJA VLASŤ. Vizuálna kultúra obdobia stalinizmu na Slovensku. [MY COMRADE MOTHERLAND. Visual culture of the Stalinist period in Slovakia.]. Kraków: Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave in Towarzystwo Słowakow w Polsce, 2015, 691 pages. ISBN 9788374905428. KUSÁ, Alexandra. PRERUŠENÁ PIESEŇ. Výtvarné umenie v časoch stalinskej kultúrnej praxe 1948 – 1956. [AN INTERRUPTED SONG. Visual art during in the era of Stalinist cultural praxis 1948–1956]. Bratislava: Slovenská národná galéria, 2019, 642 pages. ISBN 9788080592189.
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The study is devoted to the participation of the notable Slovak writer Ľudovít Mistrík-Ondrejov in the Aryanization of Jewish property in Slovakia in the period 1939–1945. The fact that Ľudovít Mistrík-Ondrejov profited from the Aryanization of Jewish firms is relatively well-known and was already publicized in connection with the bookshop owning Steiner family, whose business Mistrík-Ondrejov Aryanized. The present study is a comprehensive study of the Aryanizing activities of Ľ. Mistrík-Ondrejov, covering not only the Aryanization of the Steiner bookshop, but also of the Känzler Brothers firm in Bratislava from which Ľ. Mistrík-Ondrejov personally profited. The study provides hitherto unknown fact about both Ľ. Mistrík-Ondrejov’s Aryanizations.
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The Baltic Institute established in 1925 was a pioneering initiative aimed at conducting and popularising scholarly research on Pomeranian and Baltic matters. Apart from defending against German claims, its activists also called for Poland to be wide open to the sea. After the war, the Institute engaged in the development of the Baltic lands, both economically and historically. To the liquidation of the Baltic Institute in 1951 contributed the policy of the authorities which did not accept the visions of Poland’s development that differed from their own.
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The purpose of the article is to present what and in what form the Polish newspaper Polak w Afryce (Pole in Africa) appearing in Africa in 1943-45 published about the young and youngest Polish refugees from the USSR who reached the African continent. These refugees were located in the countries of British East Africa (i.e. Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda), in Norther Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia as well as in the Union of South Africa. Almost half of the inhabitants of the Polish settlements were young and the youngest children, often orphans or half-orphans, and due to this fact the Polish paper devoted a lot of space to them.
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As a result of consolidation, the Home Army absorbed almost all major armed formations. The only exceptions were the People’s Army and the National Armed Forces-the Lizard Union (NSZ-ZJ). An analysis of the gathered material leads to the conclusion that NSZ-ZJ did not become part of the Home Army for ideological reasons (hostility of radical nationalists to democracy and parliamentarism), psychological causes (ambitions of NSZ-ZJ leaders), and a fundamental conflict of goals (nationalist radicals strove for a national revolution, while the Home Army leaders wanted the restitution of the Second Polish Republic).
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The participation of the SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger in the pacification of the Warsaw Uprising is one of the many unresolved problems relating to the events that took place from August to October 1944 in Warsaw. The purpose of this article is to present the most recent state of research on the actions of this controversial German unit during the first days of the German pacification, i.e. during the Wola Massacre (Genocide Wola 44).
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Niespodziewana, tragiczna śmierć Mariana Bogatki we Lwowie w kwietniu 1940 r., jej okoliczności i przyczyny były przez kilkadziesiąt lat w zasadzie tematem tabu. Z powodów politycznych, ale i wobec braku dostępu do odpowiednich źródeł archiwalnych badacze mogli tylko snuć domysły. Prześledzenie skąpych wzmianek o tym wydarzeniu w literaturze przedmiotu okresu PRL nasuwa konstatację, że wyjaśnienie śmierci Bogatki sprowadzano do zamachu niezidentyfi kowanych sprawców (Polaków lub Ukraińców) na Wandę Wasilewską, którą jakoby zasłonił - i tym samym ocalił - jej mąż. Jednak już w nowej rzeczywistości ustrojowej w Polsce po 1989 r. pojawiły się też i inne sugestie, że oto za zabójstwem Bogatki stały organy Komisariatu Ludowego Spraw Wewnętrznych (NKWD). Ten sensacyjny wątek znalazł potwierdzenie we wspomnieniach ukraińskiego i radzieckiego przywódcy - Nikity Chruszczowa (1894-1971). Dopiero jednak dotarcie do odtajnionych akt Resortowego Archiwum Służby Bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy w Kijowie pozwoliło ujawnić dokument, który bezpośrednio dotyczy wyjaśnienia interesującej nas tu kwestii. Poniżej publikuję go więc w całości w polskim przekładzie.
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The article is an attempt at the reinterpretation of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, commenting on the comprehensive literature on this breaking-through event in the international relations of the twentieth century. The author discusses various attempts at explaining its Genesis and importance. He also offers his own interpretation of this tactical alliance between the two totalitarian dictatorships.
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The sources to and literature on the history of the Soviet repression apparatus are scarce and incomplete or inaccessible. However, this period of the epoch was of a great significance for the model of the state, its organs and life of millions of its citizens. Of particular interest are the ethnic composition of the Soviet apparatus of repression and participation of Jews in it as well as a “people’s” legend according to which it was Jews who created the Bolshevik state. It is impossible to conduct serious research into the subject, while reflections and hypotheses presented in the article should be regarded only as possible or probable.
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The Citizens’ Committee for the Reconstruction of Warsaw was established in London at the end of 1944. It was to coordinate emigration works for the reconstruction of the capital city of Poland. Its operations, closely related to the Polish government in exile, although formally independent, were of propagandist nature – they testified to the continued influence of the emigration government in London upon the country. Despite the commitment of government members (i.a. Prime Minister Tomasz Arciszewskiego), the final result was only a pamphlet about the city and the so-called London plan of reconstruction, preserved in a manuscript.
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The primary purpose of the article is to reconstruct the curse of collective desertion of soldiers from the post of the Border Protection Troops at Konary, in order to present the social and political background of the event as well as a method of operation of civil and military security services together with their behind-the-scenes mechanisms. The author attempts to depict the main perpetrator of the desertion in the light of documents unknown so far, along with the social consequences of his actions.
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During the Vistula Operation, an operational group was established to prosecute the Freedom and Independence groups, who at night on 2 to 3 July 1947 at Puchaczów killed 21 people accused of supporting the official authorities. The Puchaczów Operational Group during round-ups in the Włodawa, Chełm, and Lubartów districts, killed several people and detained several hundred more. Some of the families associated with the underground were forcibly displaced to the so-called Western Lands. The activities of the Puchaczów OG show that the basic aim of the Vistula Operation was to strengthen power of the Polish Workers’ Party in post-war Poland.
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This paper discusses the character and activities of another person from Gračanica who belonged, for the most part, to the general pre-war activists and sympathizers of the communist movement that were young and from all nationalities. In the years prior to the Second World War they mostly gathered in the Cultural and Educational Society “National Library”, but also in some other pro-Yugoslav societies and organizations (“Gajret”, “Soko” and others) in Gračanica. During the war they mostly operated illegally helping the partisan movement, and some of them later joined proper partisan units. One of the most active among them was Fadil Šabić. This paper discusses his activity in the years immediately prior to the Second World War, his wartime activities and the immediate post-war period which was a time of severe disappointments for Šabić. In addition to basic information about his activities, special emphasis is placed on the general social environment in which he was active, as well as on the many prominent personalities from the local milieu with whom he met and collaborated.
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Following the definitive triumph of the Bolsheviks in Russia, tens of thousands of Russian exiles were accepted by the fledgling Czechoslovakia. Many did return to Russia although as prisoners of the Soviet NKVD political police, which hauled them off from Czechoslovakia violently, despite the fact that they were in many cases de jure Czechoslovak citizens.
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The study deals with the ideas of domestic and foreign Slovak resistance during the World War II on the form of the post-war Czechoslovak Republic regime. In addition to the opinion on the consistent state restoration of Czechoslovakia (1918—1938), there was also the idea of modifying the regime of Czechoslovakia (1918—1938) through its transformation, which under the influence of strengthening the importance of the Soviet Union in the war took the form of a people’s democratic establishment.
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Artykuł opowiada losy powojennej edycji wierszy Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego zatytułowanej Śpiew z pożogi (1947). Książka przygotowana przez Stefanię Baczyńską i Kazimierza Wykę w swoim układzie całkowicie odbiegała od pozostawionej tuż przed wybuchem powstania autoryzowanej wersji Śpiewu z pożogi, który miał być pierwszym oficjalnym debiutem poetyckim Baczyńskiego. W artykule rozważany jest wpływ późniejszej całościowej edycji Utworów zebranych i na recepcję poezji Baczyńskiego, i na ustalenie w świadomości literackiej wizerunku poety.
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