We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
One of the important problems studied by book historians is the fate of those titles and editions that have not survived to our times. These were oftentimes the most popular and most frequently purchased publications, very vulnerable to destruction exactly due to their popularity. The information about lost editions usually comes from the old book lists (inventories and catalogues of early modern book collections, 18th and 19th century bibliographies), as well as from mentions by various authors. Justyna Kiliańczyk-Zięba shows that information about the existence and typographical shape of the lost editions is also to be found in preserved editions which were published decades or even centuries after the first editions. The study draws on bibliographic research and editorial work carried out over several years. Its aim is to present a methodology that allows the layout of the today unknown first print of Fortuna abo Szczęście by Stanislaw of Bochnia to be reconstructed with high probability.
More...
The article presents the development of the “Sokół” Gymnastic Society which was established in 1867 in Lviv. The new idea, within several years, has covered the Galicia region, penetrating also into the remaining partitions. The Society’s activity was also developing during the interwar period. An important factor influencing the Sokół movement increase in popularity was “Sokół” Gymnastics Guide published since 1881. It enabled, among others, promoting gymnastics and key organizational slogans. It also functioned as a link between Lviv and numerous branches, the so-called ‘nests’. Latin motto “Mens sana in corpore sano” – “A sound mind in a sound body” has become the leitmotif of the organisation. The Society played a significant role in promoting gymnastics and many sports disciplines. The ‘nests’ also became educational and cultural centers. Through promotion of physical culture, patriotic content was brought up and passed on to future generations.
More...
Długo zastanawiałem się, czy Carl Spietzweg powinien zostać bohaterem jednego z rozdziałów mojej książki. Całe jednak wokół niego zamieszanie skłoniło mnie do umieszczenia obrazu tego artysty Kobieta z ciężarem na głowie (il. 1) w swojej opisowej kolekcji. Sam tytuł dzieła nie jest moim wymysłem, z takim trafiło do mnie wraz z licznymi opracowaniami wykonanymi na zlecenie właścicielki obrazu. Do zajęcia się obrazem Spietzwega skłonił mnie jeszcze jeden fakt – otóż niewyobrażalne ceny, jakie obrazy tego artysty osiągają na rynku antykwarycznym. Naprawdę nie wiem, skąd ta nagła popularność tego twórcy i dlaczego jego dzieła są tak drogie.
More...
The palace library was established by count Fryderyk Skórzewski at Lubostroń at the beginning of the 19th century. Up to 1939, it was owned by the Skórzewski family representatives. In the 1920s, the valuable collection numbered approximately 20,000 volumes. However, the collection was not catalogued. This article proves that the preserved inventory book dates from the nineteenth century and concerns the library in Lubostroń. No information about the book is found in the source literature.
More...
Several archival records and documents in the War Archives in Vienna portray the life and work of military clergy in the Habsburg armed forces. The paper presents the life and work of military chaplains from the Diocese of Bosnia or Đakovo and Srijem, Croatia, Marko Hummel and Ivan Kralj, who worked and operated in the Habsburg armed forces. Marko Hummel joined the aforementioned armed forces in the mid-19th century and performed religious services until his retirement, while Ivan Kralj served in the army for a much shorter period of time, since he supposedly had trouble with his superiors and due to the circumstances he encountered in Petrovaradin (Peterwardein). The main purpose of the following paper is to cast some light on a part of the Croatian church history that is frequently forgotten and to hopefully motivate further research of the topic.
More...
Since the beginning, peasant studies in Poland have been an area of research determined to a particularly high degree by the socio-political context. These specific conditions for the development of this discipline have developed a characteristic narrative framework, which has a visible influence on the historiography devoted to peasants. One such schema is the dualistic division of old-Polish writers into defenders and ideological oppressors of the lowest estate, particularly noticeable in the 19th and 20th-century historical literary research. This paper is an attempt to describe and at the same time deconstruct this division, considered here as one that is ahistorical and therefore hinders in-depth research on the old-Polish discourse on the peasant state. The conclusions present several other ways to study old texts on the peasantry.
More...
One of the most significant changes in the life of 19th century cities was the modern infrastructure network. The various infrastructure systems have become indispensable elements of the operation of the cities. On the one hand, they played a decisive role in improving the living conditions of the population and the development of a modern urban lifestyle, on the other hand, they were essential conditions for industrial activity. In this paper, I try to examine the impact of infrastructure systems built in the 19th century on Cluj-Napoca’s industry and how they shaped its development.
More...Egy tudós útja az erkölcsi bukásig
Following his university studies in botany at Budapest, Aladár Richter (1868–1927) had the opportunity to visit all the important botanical institutes and gardens from Europe. In 1899 he was promoted professor of botany at the Kolozsvár/Cluj Franz Joseph University. He reorganized the Botanical Institute and the old Botanical Garden of the town. He created a Botanical Museum and a rich Herbarium. But he was extremely severe with his students and assistants. In 1910, he managed to have a new territory bought by the state at a very suitable place for a new University Botanical Garden. He was elected member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and several botanical associations. He was the head of the Botanical Section of the Transylvanian Museum Society. Though he had many merits his financial accounts were not quite correct, he expropriated pieces from the Herbarium of the Museum Society, he obliged his assistants to serve his own personal purposes. One of his assistants, Endre Szabó made public these things in newspapers. The control commission of the university declared him not guilty, but he did not dare to prove it by means of a legal action. He rather got retired at the age of 45. Later he tried to get some jobs in his field in Pozsony/Bratislava, then in Budapest, but he was refused everywhere. The scientific community considered him guilty.
More...
During the first half of the 20th century, approaches developed across the social sciences that were strongly influenced by positivist ideas. Indeed, it could be said that the very notion of a social science was positivist in origin. Moreover, even after positivism’s influence had waned in many fields, in the second half of that century, it continued to exist at the very least as a ghostly presence, serving as a recurrent target for attack in methodological disputes. I begin by briefly outlining the history of positivist ideas and the various forms they took, along with their implications for the practice of social science. Then I consider two distinct varieties of ‘post-positivism’; one revisionist, the other much more radical. I conclude by considering in what respects these moves beyond positivism represent progress, and whether anything can still be learned from it today.
More...
In the last few decades the consumption of luxury goods in the Ottoman Empire has become a very attractive topic for the researchers and subject of many studies. The paper addresses the aforementioned topic and presents the items which belonged to a high Ottoman dignitary stationed in Belgrade as a paradigm of wealth, luxury and life-style of the high Ottoman society. The Belgrade muhafiz Izzet Mehmet Pasha (1723–1784) served twice in the capacity of Grand Vezier in the Ottoman Empire (1774–1775, 1781–1782) and as a governor of the Belgrade fortress (1783–84), where he eventually died. The paper focuses on the luxurious items belonging to him personally and to his household while he was governing Belgrade. Two inheritance registries – kept in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office in Istanbul – were used for the purpose of analysis. The belongings found at his Belgrade household when he died included pieces of jewellery, clothes, fur, weapons made of precious metals decorated with gems and other items. Most of the items were brought by Izzet Mehmet Pasha to Belgrade when he was appointed to the duty, but it can be assumed that they were mostly purchased in the Balkans, taking into consideration that his previous post was in Plovdiv. There were also items brought from the Western Europe, such as clocks, indicating aspects of economic and cultural relations between East and West and international trade routes passing through Belgrade. Consumption of the valuable and rare items as status symbols reflects the political power of the higher Ottoman class of Belgrade and social differentiation among the Ottomans.
More...
From the mid-nineteenth century to the end of Ottoman rule in Belgrade, British travelers rarely had direct contact with Turks (italics signifies that the term in this discourse is used metaphorically as oriental and imaginary Other). By the end of nineteenth century architectural objects, scenes like garbage empty streets, old and ruind houses, abandoned neighborhoods, smell of rotting on bazaars, „dry and wicker” fruits and flowers reveals the history of the city and the population that settles it. Instead of the usual analysis of discourse on Turks, the images of the city are regarded mediators and filters in the perception of Turks. The city with its spatial characteristics is discovering their absence, instead of their presence on the streets of Belgrade. While the city speaks with its own language, the rule of the Ottoman Empire is slowly losing its former power. Travelers are influenced by a political liberal power advocating the Right to self– determination of the people and the cration of the National States in the Balkans. Belgrade is becoming a witness to this important political problem. Its „neglect”, „silence”, on its streets, poorly built, steep and curvy streets, the presence of htonian beeings such as wolf, raven, and magpie, suggest that the end of the Ottoman rule is near. The Semlin quarantines became border areas where the spread of the „infectious disease” of the metaphorically understood domination of „Orient” should be stopped. So quarantines for patients infected with plague become hospitals where „The Bosphorous patient” must stay until new political circumstances arise. However, when the Ottoman rule in the Balkans was over, the images of Belgrade were more or less the same. Once again, Belgrade was represented as unregulated, chaotic and dirty place ruled by the South Slavs. Its materialization becomes a witness of the impossibility of the consistent implementation of the rights of the peoples to self determination
More...
Almost entire 19th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina, up to the establishment of Austro-Hungarian rule, abounds in turbulence caused by weakening of the Ottoman Empire and aspirations of the European forces of that time to solve the problems caused by such state and events. The Ottoman Government tried to solve problems in different ways, firstly by legal regulations (Edict of Gülhane in 1839, Hatti Humayun of 1856), but the will and strength for their implementation were missing, so the results were almost negligible and position of Catholics and Catholic Church increasingly unenviable. Fra Grgo Martic, as the agent of Franciscan Province of Bosna Srebrena in Sarajevo, was the intermediary between Ottoman authorities and Franciscan monastery Kresevo. Working on that plan intensively, as a member of Sarajevo Medzlis (Council), but also privately, within possible and allowed limits, he communicated with representatives of authorities and contacted diplomatic representatives of other countries for help in solving certain disputes and in the situations where they could have certain influence. Such cases were in details described in the unpublished monastery chronicles written between 1864 and 1878.
More...
This paper adopts a slightly different perspective on the imperial legacies of the Ottomans in Belgrade from the dominant one. It focuses upon collective memory and oblivion of many processes which shaped the modern history of this city. This is a retrospective view on the processes of nation-building in a late-Ottoman periphery from the perspective of media and popular culture studies. I have analyzed the comedy series Crni Gruja in order to grasp its particular language of representation and communication of the Serbian national, late-Ottoman, history. Although at first Crni Gruja appears as an attempt at re-writing the Serbian national history in the popular post-socialist, and more, importantly post-Yugoslav, imaginary, I argue that it communicates in a fresh and interesting way the contemporary readings of the effects of the nation-building process in the late Ottoman empire, the position of Belgrade in that process and some overlooked segments of the urban history of this city.
More...
On December 12, 2017, a cross with a ball was removed from the tower of the parish church of St. Martin in Stanica – the last temple built by the Cistercians Abbey in Rudy before its suppression in 1810. In the time capsule there was an irregular record, which was made on September 20, 1802. The author uses the discovered document and available studies about the abbey in Rudy to discuss the situation of the abbey at the beginning of the turbulent nineteenth century, as well as to characterize the personal condition of the convent. Next, the author describes the main stages of the construction of the church of St. Martin in Stanica based on the dramatic history of the Napoleonic era, using the chronicle of the last part of the document entitled: Our times are worthy memories which we want to pass on to the future.
More...
Moritz Brosig (1815–1887) was a Silesian musician, organist, and composer. His creative activity focused on broadly understood liturgical music. The State Archives in Opole have conserved 35 opinions about organs that were arranged by him in the years 1871–1884, and which pertain to instruments in Opole Silesia. It is an interesting and rich set of documents, full of still undiscovered knowledge about Silesian organ construction in the 18th–20th centuries. The article presents the content of expert opinion about Moritz Brosig, and focuses mainly on sound issues. The author lists many names of the then organ building companies.
More...
Review of: Katarzyna Roman-Rawska - Paweł Tomczok (2018). Literacki kapitalizm. Obrazy abstrakcji ekonomicznych w literaturze polskiej drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Katowice: Wydawnictwo UŚ
More...
The paper discusses an anonymous Polish translation of George Eliot’s 1863 novel Romola, published in the late nineteen-twenties by the Edward Wende publishing house. The Polish version, which appeared with the title Noce florenckie (Florentine Nights) and a photo of Lilian Gish on the cover, may be seen as an early case of a movie tie-in. The discussion focuses on the domesticating strategies used by the Polish translator, who paid attention only to the elements that move the personal story of Romola, Tito and Tessa forward, and removed most of the elements that deal with the history and culture of Renaissance Florence. As a result, the translation becomes a highly simplified paraphrase that reads easily and fluently, but gives the reader almost no insight into the multidimensional world of George Eliot’s novel, the complexity of which arises in part from Eliot’s foreignizing approach towards the Italian sources used for Romola.
More...
The Rubčić (Rupčić) family was one of the oldest Croatian noble families with its origin in Herzegovina, in the town of Hum. The family Rubčić coat of arms can be found on the page LXII of the Korjenić-Neorić Armorial. The family name itself, Rupčić, was first found in Split, in the register of births and baptisms from 1692: Nikola Rupčić had the baptism of his son Ante registered. However, in its other form, the surname Rubčić was found in the register of deaths from 1721, when the death of Nikola Rubčić was recorded. Dr Frane Rubčić, a son of Frane and Teresa Celotta, was born around 1841. He married Ivana Valeri in Budva, in 1872, and they produced nine children. In 1871, he started his career as a construction apprentice in Trieste, in the so-called technical division of the Trieste Maritime Authority, and in 1883, he was promoted to Second Class Civil Engineer. He received the Gold Cross of Merit in 1883. After he designed the Port Authority building in 1890, he was promoted to senior engineer. He was also appointed construction consultant in the same year. As a member of the so-called Uresno povjerenstvo (decoration committee), he supervised the constructions of the theatre building and the church of Our Lady of Mercy. He participated in the creation of the plan for the water supply system, advocated the construction of St. Peter’s Pier and prepared the cost statement for the extension of Our Lady of Pojišan monastery building. In the period 1874 – 1896, as a project engineer and technical supervisor, Frane Rubčić worked on a number of projects along the Dalmatian coast. The localities included Bobovišće, Milna, Povlja, Pučišća and Supetar on the island of Brač; Gradac, Hvar, and Stari Grad on the island of Hvar; Kaštel Novi near Trogir; Klek, Komiža and Vis on the island of Vis; Makarska; Maslinica on the island of Šolta; Metković, Opuzen – Višnjica, Split, Šibenik and Tisno. Dr Frane Rubčić was a renowned expert who contributed significantly to the development of both the city of Split and the Dalmatian ports in the second half of the 19th century.
More...
Having been misled by a number of unreliable sources on the Bulat family, the author has decided to analyse the Split and the Šibenik branches with specific emphasis on renowned individuals. Those were: Gajo Filomen (1836 ‒ 1900), Gajo (1867 ‒ 1927), Anka (1899 ‒ 1987) i Edo (1901 ‒ 1984). Gajo Filomen, PhD (Legal Studies) was both a barrister and a politician, who participated in the activities of the Dalmatian Assembly in Zadar and the Imperial Council House of Deputies in Vienna. He was a strong advocate of various issues of public interest, such as publishing the newspaper Il Nazionalein the Croatian language in Zadar; establishing the public library, the party bank, the cultural association and the newspaper Narod in Split, et al. In Split, he participated in the work of the Town Council, first as its vice president and then as its president. His accomplishments, while in office, were, as follows: the introduction of the Croatian language in the curriculum of the two grammar schools; the renovation of the council building, the construction of the new theatre building; the introduction of Croatian as the official language of court procedures. Gajo was Gajo Filomen's nephew, that is, the son of his elder brother Eduard. He held a PhD in Legal Studies and was also a barrister.In Austria-Hugary, he advocated Croatian national interests whereas in the Kingdom of Yugoslaviahe supported the idea of integrated Yugoslavism. He also participated in the activities of the Dalmatian Assembly in Zadar. Anka was Gajo's daughter. She received her PhD in the Art History at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy. Anka wrote about the 18th- and 19th-century Croatian male and female painters and curated numerous exhibitions in the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Zagreb. Edo was Gajo's son. After he received his PhD in Legal Studies, he started to work as a barrister. He participated in political activities in two parties before the Second World War, and finally supported the fascist Ustasha movement. Consequently, he was appointed minister in the Independent State of Croatia, the so-calld NDH. After the war ended, he fled to Argentina, where he spent the rest of his life.
More...