ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ ІДЕЇ В КУЛЬТУРІ КИЇВСЬКОЇ РУСІ (ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД)

Author(s): Lidiya Potapova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the history of the study of philosophical ideas in the culture of Kievan Rus. The research methodology basing on historical, logical, analytical and general methodological approaches. The novelty of the study. The question about the existence of philosophical ideas in the culture of Kievan Rus and the historiographical basis of their existing forms is the essence of the presented article. Conclusions. Investigating this problem, historiographical and methodological problems were revealed: - the problem of periodization of philosophical studies of Kievan Rus; - the existence of the philosophy of Kievan Rus; - ancient written sources, which interprets as philosophical.

Хан Мухаммад Тюляк по нумизматическим источникам

Author(s): Yuriy V. Zayonchkovskiy,Boris I. Leonov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The Jochid Khan Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad Tulak, known as a frontman, is one of the most controversial figures in the entire history of the Golden Horde. Some historians and numismatists say that Mamay ruled legitimizing his power by two khans — Abdallah and Muhammad Bulaq; others suppose that Mamay had three puppet khans — Abdallah, Muhammad and Tulak. The article discusses information of some written accounts about Tulak and attempts to answer (on the basis of the analysis of the numismatic sources) the question about the identity of the khans Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad and Ghiyas al-Din Muhammad Tulak.Five types of Tulak’s silver coins were marked out, their legends and images were reconstructed. Dangs of Muhammad Tulak were minted in Ordu, Ordu Mu’azzam and Hajji Tarkhan. One type, instead of indicating the mint on its reverse, contains a Sunni symbol of faith, but the authors identified a link between this emission and Ordu-Mu’azzam coinages. Coins with the name of khan Tulak determine the date of his reign as 782 AH (1380—1381 AD). Taking into account the information of written sources, it can be assumed that he had ascended to the throne a little earlier. The Muslim name of Tulak was Muhammad, like his predecessor’s, to whom he is not identical.

Характеристики на средновековните ислямски затвори на остров Сицилия (IX – XI век)

Author(s): Desislava Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

The medieval prisons are part of the Islamic governing system as in the Near East as in the Magreb. The sources about their organization and working methods are rare and straggling. Whatever, medieval Islamic prisons deserve an attention because they are connected with the general institutional environment in the Islamic lands. This article surveys the Islamic prisons in Sicily in the period 9th-11th century. It begins with a review of the emergence of the first Islamic prisons. This information serves as both forming initial impressions and a basis of the subsequent analysis. An important contribution of the article is the collected information from different by language, type and time historical sources. Their careful readings, coupled with a compare analysis, allow us to draw conclusions about the characteristics and location of the medieval Sicilian prisons. Comparison with the prisons in the other Islamic lands over the same historical period shows us common features. This makes it possible to conclude that the penal institutions on the island follow and work on a well-established model.

Химический состав изделий из цветных металлов с золотоордынских поселений северных районов Нижнего Поволжья

Author(s): Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2018

Earlier published and not published results of analyses of the chemical composition of wares from the non-ferrous metals occurring from the Golden Horde settlements of the central part of the Saratov region dated by the second half of the 13th—14th centuries were generalized in the article. The description of the chemical composition of wares is given for the groups distinguished by their functional purpose. The studied Golden Horde wares were compared by types of alloys with the materials of Novgorod of 13th—14th centuries. The materials of the Hmelevskoe I settlement (town) are the closest to Novgorod by composition of alloys, slightly farther are the materials of rural settlements of Ulus Jochi. Among the Golden Horde wares in general, in comparison with the Novgorod materials, it is much less made of lead-tin bronzes and much more from tin bronzes; it is slightly less brass objects in our materials, it is more wares from multicomponent alloys (copper, tin, zinc and lead) and ‘pure’ lead, and wares from ‘pure’ tin are absent at all. In the materials of Pskov of 13th—14th centuries, in comparison with ours, there are much fewer wares from ‘pure’ copper, and many more objects (even in comparison with the Novgorod materials) from brass and multicomponent alloys, with prevalence of zinc. These data allow the possibility of import of brass to the territory of the Golden Horde, as well as to Old Rus, from Western Europe, perhaps, through the Baltic region.

Химический состав металла нательных крестов из поселений Устье 2, 3 на Куликовом поле

Author(s): Mikhail I. Gonyanyi,Tatiana G. Saracheva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A study of chemical composition of metal used in 16 breast crosses found in Ustye 2,3 settlements (Kimovsky district of the Tula Oblast) helped to identify different types of copper-base alloys. It was found that the tin-lead bronze, typical for the non-ferrous metalworking of this territory in the 12th — first half of the 13th century, was still in use in production of crosses during the Golden Horde time. A breast cross of the 17th century was made from a different raw material — multicomponent bronze containing zinc. The sample included well-known and rarely found types of crosses. Planygraphic analysis of finds showed that Ustye 2, 3 settlements stand out among other sites of the Upper Don area by concentration of crosses.

Химический состав стекла Болгара и Сувара

Author(s): Svetlana I. Valiulina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The article presents the results of the analysis of a representative series of glass products from Bolgar, reflecting all the stages of the history of Bolgar (10th —15th centuries) and Suvar (10th —12th centuries). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as the main method. Excavation materials (mainly of recent years) made up an analytical sample. The article analyzes the most representative in both cities chemical type (sodium ash glass), which corresponds to Islamic glassmaking tradition, as well as the chemical composition of some special products from Bolgar, complementing broad international relations of Bolgar and the state of Volga Bulgaria. Data on the chemical composition of products (from the decorations of the Viking Age and early Islamic vessels to the Middle Eastern products with gold and enamel painting of the 13th —14th centuries and products of the glassmaking workshop in Bolgar), supported by historical interpretations and a wide range of parallels, allowed to identify the role of Bolgar and Suvar in the system of the medieval glassmaking. Priority was given to the materials of the Golden Horde period.

ХОДОЧАСНИК ИЗ ИРСКЕ НА ИСТОЧНОЈ ОБАЛИ ЈАДРАНА ПОЧЕТКОМ XIV ВЕКА

Author(s): Aleksandar Uzelac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2020

The article deals with the report of Franciscan Simon Fitzsimmons who, accompanied by friar Hugh Illuminator, undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1323. In his report, Simon dedicated due attention to the cities and lands on the eastern Adriatic coast that he went through. Although this source is not unknown in Serbian historiography, it seems to have remained on the margins of research. The paper presents the only preserved manuscript of this source, its critical editions, and sheds light on the personality of the author and contents of the manuscript. A part of the text, dealing with Simon’s and Hugh’s voyage from Venice to Durazzo in the second half of August 1323, is given in Serbian translation, with critical commentaries.

Хорезмский дирхем из Северо-Восточной Болгарии

Author(s): Lăchezar Lazarov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2000

The publication is the first scientific research of the rarest coin found in North-Eastern Bulgaria – a dirham minted in Khorezm in 1367-1368. The author makes a link between its penetration into the lands so remote from the Middle Asia with migration of some groups of the declining Golden Horde to the Danube.

Христианское кладбище монгольского времени на городище Бурана (по данным архивных документов о раскопках 1886 года)

Author(s): Valerii A. Kolchenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In 1885, two Christian medieval cemeteries were opened in the north of present-day Kyrgyzstan, in the Chuy Valley. They were identified from the finds of gravestones with Syrian epitaphs. Soon the epitaphs were translated and published by D. Khvolson and S. Slutsky. Archaeological excavations were carried out on the necropolis of Buranа town, in 1885—1886, but the data from these studies were not published. They are stored in the Archive of the RAS Institute of History of Material Culture, among documents of the Imperial Archaeological Committee.Data on the excavations in late 19th century on the medieval cemetery near the settlement of Burana are cited and analyzed in this article. Most of the burials were made in pits. The second largest group is the burial in the pits with niches. All the deceased lay stretched on their backs heading west. The burials contained no grave goods, but sometimes they contain personal adornments or wearable crosses.At the end of the article, the burials from Burana Christian cemetery are compared with the burials from the necropolises of Ak-Beshim, Krasnaya Rechka and Belovodskaya fortresses, also located in the Chuy Valley. By comparing them, we come to conclusion about a break in development of Christianity in the Chuy Valley, and emergence of a new cultural tradition, associated with gravestones with epitaphs, at the beginning of 13th century.

Хроника на една медиевистична есен

Author(s): Veneta Savova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2 (6)/2017

Хронология погребальных памятников Карельского перешейка и Северного Приладожья XI—XV вв.

Author(s): Stanislav V. Belskiy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2014

This paper is devoted to construction of chronology based on studies of changes in the composition of grave goods. In total, 83 assemblages from 18 cemeteries have been analysed. The key notion in this study is that of the “regional (autonomous) system of type-and-chronology” which implies a certain set of types and well-grounded dates of their use defined within a particular chronological range and region. The problem was addressed in four consequent steps: distinguishing of chronologically significant types, determination of their dates, searching for controversies and dating of the complexes, graves and burial grounds on the basis of several independent chronological systems. As a result, the dates of the assemblages were essentially corrected and three basic conclusions proposed:1. Funerary sites of the second half of the 11th, 12th and early 13th century comprise complexes of cremations of reiterated sequence of formation. During this period, a specific and very archaic funerary tradition still existed among the local population.2. Functioning of the so-called “Karelian flat cemeteries of the advanced stage” is limited within the frame of the 13th century. Two sub-periods have been distinguished in the latter: 1220—1290s and 1250—1310s.3. Late stage in functioning of this site in 1290-1400s was also determined.

Цамблаковата проповед ѻ͗ ѹ͗сопшии– социална картина на живота в България през XIV век

Author(s): Maria Spasova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article gives excerpts and information for the social life in the Medieval Bulgaria that are contained in the sermon of Gregory Tzamblak. In contrast to the historical sources where the facts are „painted” with background information, the sermons are characterized by the art peculiarities of the rhetoric prose and with elements of the vivid, folk language. The sermon is a kind of mediator between the clergyman preacher and the laymen who are playing the role of his audience. The theological theses, the Biblical excerpts and their interpretation are given through familiar to the Christians examples. Paintnigs from the real life are being painted and though this represents a Medieval realism of the imitation, the sermon is an authentic historical source for the picture of the social life in.

Цар Йоан Александър Асен (1331–1371) – разцвет преди катастрофата

Author(s): Dimo Cheshmedzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2021

The report examines the reign of the Bulgarian king John Alexander Assen (1331–1371), one of the last kings of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. He is the founder of a number of Bulgarian churches and monasteries, several extremely expensive manuscripts from his library have been preserved. At the same time, a large part of the Bulgarian lands came under Ottoman rule, and soon after that the Bulgarian states were destroyed by the Ottomans. The question is whether this is a paradox or a regularity and an attempt is made to answer this question in a discussion plan!

Цар Самуил и неговите наследници през погледа на византийците

Author(s): Peter Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

Церковь XIV в. на детинце Новогрудка

Author(s): Marianna V. Malevskaya-Malevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The article considers the remains of the church built in the first half of the 14th century in the citadel of Novogrudok, excavated by the author in 1960—1970 s. It is the earliest known church built in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century. The results of the detailed archaeological study of the architectural monument are published for the first time. The church is considered in the context of the architectural history of the West Russian lands in the period from the mid 13th century to the mid 14th century. The study of the building materials and techniques enables firm dating of the church to the first half of the 14th century. The article is illustrated by field photos and drawings as well as reconstructions.

Церковь и формирование религиозной культуры жителей польских городов на закате средневековья

Author(s): Stanisław Bylina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/1999

ЦЕТИНСКИ КНЕЗ ИВАНИШ НЕЛИПЧИЋ У ПОЛИТИЧКИМ ПРЕВИРАЊИМА У ДАЛМАЦИЈИ КРАЈЕМ XIV И TOKOM ПРВИХ ДЕЦЕНИЈА XV СТОЉЕЋА

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 22/1986

The Cetina prince (knez) Ivaniš Nelipčić belongs to those Croatian feudal landlords who cleverly knew how to link honours at the Croatian mainland with the honours and rule in the Dalmatian cities. In his rise, so characteristic for the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, three phases could be seen: I from 1393 to 1403, II from 1403 to 1408, III from 1408 to 1420.

ЦРКВЕ У СРПСКИМ СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНИМ УТВРЂЕЊИМА И ГРАДСКИМ НАСЕЉИМА (XII–XV ВЕК): ИЗАБРАНИ ПРИМЕРИ

Author(s): Vladeta Petrović,Gordana Gavrić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2022

Starting from the fact that several types of cities existed in parallel in the Serbian medieval state: old Byzantine cities, mining urban settlements, capital cities, fortifications with suburbs and marketplaces, the authors present different examples of the establishment of churches within or outside fortifications, underlining the production of space with a Christian feature as their important designation. The selected examples, such as Maglič, Kruševac, Smederevo, Novo Brdo or Mileševac show differences both in terms of the positioning of sacral edifices and their purpose.

Църковният закон на патриарх Василий в Архивския номоканон (ЦИАИ 1160)

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The Arhivski Nomocanon (Church History and Archives Institute 1160) is end of the 14th century copy of the Penitential Nomocanon of the Bulgarian church. Its initial composition originated in 913 from translated and domestic legal documents and later new texts were added, among which we identify Patriarch Vasilii’s Ecclesiastical law. In the Law the total number of rules is 117, united thematically in 9 groups, of which the first two are meaningful: the first is about the hierarchy in the autocephalous Church headed by a Patriarch, the second establishes the priority of the ecclesiastical court over the tsar’s court, sign of the uniat with Rome (1204–1232) at the time of Patriarch Vasilii’s rule.

Черкесские воины на границе Улуса Джучи в Среднем Поднепровье

Author(s): Oleg B. Bubenok / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2019

The origin of the name of Cherkassy city, located on the right bank of the Dnieper river, has always been of interest for the historians. The legends that were popular in the historical literature of the 16th—18th centuries AD provided the following information: 1) the ethnic name Cherkass appeared in the Middle Dnieper basin as early as the 12th century AD; 2) the Cherkassy fortress was founded in the 13th—14th centuries AD by the refugees-“Circassians” who had migrated to the Middle Dnieper basin from the Five Mountains area in the Northern Caucasus.The last hypothesis is of a special interest because the archeological data and the information provided by George Pachymeres allow to consider that in the second half of the 13th century AD the Golden Horde ruler Nogay could transmigrate the Adyghes from the Northern Caucasus and settle them in the Middle Dnieper basin. As a result of this migration, initially Cherkassy settlement could be founded there.Besides, in the Ros’ river basin near Yablonovka village the tumuli were excavated. According to the last data, in the second half of the 13th century AD these tumuli were created by the migrants from the North-Western Caucasus where the Circassians lived. It was the result of Mongol rulers’s policy to strengthen the north-western border of the Golden Horde. These migrants were well-armed cavalrymen.