We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints, or Saint Helen in Šenkovec near Čakovec was originally built in late 14th Century. Over time the monastery complex was largely rebuilt and transformed, and today it is mostly preserved in the archeological layer. A few preserved historical images are important to get a better idea about its appearance. This images can’t be basis for presentation of the site, but they give us an insight to a better understanding of spatial correlations and volumes within this valuable monastery complex.
More...
Akta Portine slavenske kancelarije prvi je kao posebnu zbirku prikazao Truhelka u Glasniku Zemaljskog muzeja 1911. godine. Proučavajući dubrovačke dokumente koji se specijalno odnose na povijest Bosne pažnju mu je privukao sultanski ferman gore ukrašen tugrom, a ispod napisan ćirilicom, koji je zajedno s još dva slična dokumenta našao u Dubrovniku u škrinji s oštećenim fragmentima iz Stonskog arhiva. Prije Truhelke Konstantin Jireček složio je i uredio u regestama jedan fascikl zanimljivih dokumenata među kojima je bilo nekoliko turskih akata pisanih ćirilicom, koja ipak nije objavio u časopisu Archiv für slavische Philologie 1899. Dokumenti su bili smješteni u ormar u kome se čuvaju Acta Sanctae Mariae Maioris. Miklocich je u zbirci Monumenta serbica (1858) objavio niz takvih dokumenata iz petnaestoga i šesnaestoga stoljeća, također Vučetić u časopisu Srđ.
More...
The article discusses the development of the cult of St. Simeon (Stefan Nemanja, ca. 1113–1199) in the thirteenth century as a core of the ruler’s ideology and a mirror of the political changes in Serbia. The main task is to discover when, how and why the founder of the Nemanidi dynasty became the first and eternal ruler of the Serbs, analyzing the choice of the biblical motifs and quotations in the introductions and in a number of other selected places in the main ideological texts of the period: two Hilandar Monastery charters, one written from the Grand Zhupan Stefan Nemanja himself in 1198, the other – written in 1207/8 by his son, Stefan the First-Crowned as well as three Vitae of St. Simeon, written by his sons St. Sava and St. Stefan and by the Hilandar’s hegumenos Domentian. The study applies the approach of biblical thematic clues, proposed by Ricardo Picchio, hitherto unused for these sources, and takes into consideration also some results obtained through the investigation of early Slavic Orthodox texts from the point of view of the same concept. One conclusion which was arrived at is that the same tradition of biblical exegesis concerning the concepts of the Unfailing Mercy and Continuity of the Apostleship and the motifs of Conversion/New Nations and the Blessed Generation of the Upright, is consistently used in Serbian text for the same purpose – the affirmation of one’s own saints and, through their cults, confirmation of own “institutions of salvation” (ruling dynasty, church organization, liturgical language) as proceeding directly from God. In the three Vitae of St. Simeon different inherited models and patterns are adopted, corresponding to different versions of Ideal Ruler and of legitimization in changing political circumstances in Serbia and in European South-East in the thirteenth century. The last version, long lasting in Serbian political ideology, can be found in Domentian’s Vita (1265), commissioned by the grandson of St. Simeon, Urosh I (1243–1276) to re-confirm the legitimacy of his reign and the independence of the Serbian state after the reconquest of Constantinople in 1261. In this Vita, St. Simeon is presented as the First and Eternal Ruler of the Serbs through development of apostolic connotations in his cult, based on the concept of Unfailing Mercy, with an addition of the motifs of the Conversion/New Nations and the Blessed Generation of the Upright. As a result, St. Simeon becomes the True Baptizer of the Serbs and the First Subject of the Covenant made between God and Serbs ensuring their Salvation through the Christian Rule.
More...
The article presents the results of author's research of the origins of the general concept of contract in continental legal science in the Middle Ages and early Modern Times. This general concept marks one of the key features of the legal style in civil law countries, unknown to Roman jurisprudence, Muslim fiqh or Anglo-American common law. The formation of the general concept of contract proves to be the outcome of several generations of jurists archived through the combination of two models of contract in the medieval ius commune: agreement-based (in the commentaries on Roman law) and promise-based (in the church canons). It is argues that the synthesis of the two models in the 16th century is due to the efforts to reduce the Roman classical law to an art (as in the case of the French humanists) or to explain every rule of positive contract law through the ideal concepts of natural law and commutative justice (as in the case of Spanish legal thinkers). In arranging contract law the French jurists (such as François Connan and Ugo Donellus) followed the intended project of Cicero (ius in artem redigere) by means of the methodology of Petrus Ramus. The representatives of the Spanish late scholasticism (Domingo de Soto, Louis de Molina, Leonard Lessius) aimed at explaining all the provisions of the positive contract law in the sense of the higher moral and theological principles of natural law, as it was laid out in 'Summa Theologica' by Thomas Aquinas. The author looks into the relevant works of the French and the Spanish jurists to analyse the definition of contract, its criteria, and to trace their origins in the legal commentaries of the medieval civilians and canonists, as well as in the medieval and antique treatises on moral theology and philosophy. The analysis allows for critical assessment of the inconsistencies and contradictions of the general concept of contract in the doctrines at the beginning of Modernity.
More...
The question whether Eastern Europe is possible and necessary rarely arises among historians of idea. This problem does not play any significant role in various diagnoses related to the future of the world, either. Nevertheless, it seems that posing this question seems well-grounded. This article is an attempt to consider what created and determined the civilizational space of Eastern Europe in the period from the Middle Ages to the 19th century and what actions and ideas influenced the nature of this part of the Old Continent. Selected “polonica” have also been placed in the context of “easterness”.
More...
In this article, we investigate the variation forms of the present-future tense in the third person singular and plural, the genesis and the functioning of which is one of the most complex and insufficiently studied problems in historical grammar. For the first time we analyze the zero forms of the present-future tense in the Trinity Miscellany (Troitskii Sbornik) of the 12th – 13th centuries in terms of the categories of the potential mood and the coreference predicativity. We use the linguistic and textological parallels from two early Old Russian manuscripts – the Pandects of Antiochus (11th century) and the selected chapters from the Pandects in the Trinity Miscellany (12th – 13th centuries). We establish that the zero forms appear in multipredicative groups with morphologically homogeneous and functionally correlative predicates.
More...
Celibat ili beženstvo klera – da li je po sebi apsolutno nužan – nije teološko, dogmatsko-moralno, nego prije svega u Katoličkoj crkvi disciplinsko-pravno i pastoralno pitanje.1 U prvim vremenima Crkve sveti red se podjeljivao kako neoženjenim tako i oženjenim muškarcima, koji su se odlučili posvetiti služenju Bogu i oltaru, pa je među klerom bilo neoženjenih i oženjenih biskupa, svećenika i đakona. Na ređenje su, dakle, pripuštani i oženjeni kandidati, ali su se vrlo rano u pojedinim krajevnim crk vama počele donositi odredbe da se oženjeni poslije ređenja trebaju suzdržavati od bračnih odnosa. S vremenom je, međutim, došlo i do uvođenja beženstva klera, ali je prošlo dosta vremena da se to u praksi posvuda i provede.
More...
Recent studies provide evidence that the southern part of the present Nizhny Novgorod region was included into the Golden Horde. It is proved archaeologically that large Golden Horde settlements existed on these lands (Kurmysh, Murzitsy). The narrative sources mention Saraklych, a Golden Horde town. The written sources trace the appearance of Tatar villages near Arzamas to the Golden Horde baskaks. The influence of Turkic-Muslim culture here was exercised through the processes taking place in the Ulus (province) of Mohshi. As a result of the decentralization in the Golden Horde and the decline of the Ulus of Mohshi, the role played by Mishar Yurt, which formed from the Ulus of Mohshi, became increasingly important since the middle of the 14th century. However, its history has been insufficiently studied.
More...
Octoechos is not merely a musical manual in everyday use during the service in Orthodox Church, but also a comprehensive anthology of church poetry. It contains poetical works of great Byzantine poets, such as John of Damascus, Joseph the Hymnographer, Andrew of Crete. The use of Octoechos during the service is strictly regulated by Typicon. After accepting the Orthodox rite, the Slavs were acquainted with Octoechos which has undoubtedly made a great impression on the attentive audiences present at the service. Octoechos has also influenced the work of medieval Serbian hymnographers all of whom were, as it is well known, pious men. The influence of the poetics typical of hymns of the Octoechos has already been present in the Akoluthia to St. Simeon written by St. Sava. In the hymnographical work of Theodosius this influence is even more present, especially in his Canons on the eight modes (echoi) that follow the pattern of the supplicatory canons of the Octoechos. Ephraim, who was the Serbian patriarch in two turns (1375–1379, 1389–1392), wrote his church hymns and prayers following those of the Octoechos. Ephraim composed his stichera dedicated to Christ and Theotokos following the regular change of tones of the Octoechos. The spirit of Octoechos has also marked the work of the last Serbian anonymous hymnographers who wrote Akoluthia to the Translation of the holy relics of Saint Apostle Luke to Serbia and the Paraklisis to St. Luke (mid 15th century).
More...
An important part of medieval Hungarian justice was the proscription. It was a legal procedure taken at special assemblies of regional aristocracy held upon the order of the king and presided by the palatine or a person in the dignity of baron (e. g. duke of Transylvania). At these judicial assemblies people accused of crime were listed in registers. When they did not attend the assembly the county authorities found them guilty in absentia, proclaimed as public malefactors and the palatine outlawed them, which meant sentencing to death and confiscation of their property. In comparison with other parts of the kingdom of Hungary only one proscription register from the voivodate of Transylvania and its seven counties and from the territory of modern Banat has been preserved. From this and from other medieval documents we know that also in these parts of kingdom, the general congregations dealt with criminals, who had been summoned before their courts and recorded in proscription lists. Several documents about the proscribed persons and their destinies have been preserved, the data of which are discussed in this papers.
More...